![Page 1: Convection in the Mantle. Keyterms Density Density-mass/volume. The amount of matter in a given area or volume of that matter. Fluid Fluid-matter that](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022052514/5a4d1ae47f8b9ab0599786f3/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Convection in the Mantle
![Page 2: Convection in the Mantle. Keyterms Density Density-mass/volume. The amount of matter in a given area or volume of that matter. Fluid Fluid-matter that](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022052514/5a4d1ae47f8b9ab0599786f3/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Keyterms
• DensityDensity-mass/volume. The amount of matter in a given area or volume of that matter.
• FluidFluid-matter that can flow. Can be solids, liquids, or gasses
• ConvectionConvection-heat transfer within a fluid. • Convection currentConvection current -a current that develops from a
fluid moving from an area of high density to an area of low density.
![Page 3: Convection in the Mantle. Keyterms Density Density-mass/volume. The amount of matter in a given area or volume of that matter. Fluid Fluid-matter that](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022052514/5a4d1ae47f8b9ab0599786f3/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
How do convection currents form?
• Convection currents occur when fluids heat
unevenly and areas develop that are different in density
![Page 4: Convection in the Mantle. Keyterms Density Density-mass/volume. The amount of matter in a given area or volume of that matter. Fluid Fluid-matter that](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022052514/5a4d1ae47f8b9ab0599786f3/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
What are examples of convection currents?
![Page 5: Convection in the Mantle. Keyterms Density Density-mass/volume. The amount of matter in a given area or volume of that matter. Fluid Fluid-matter that](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022052514/5a4d1ae47f8b9ab0599786f3/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Lava Lamps (see demo)
![Page 6: Convection in the Mantle. Keyterms Density Density-mass/volume. The amount of matter in a given area or volume of that matter. Fluid Fluid-matter that](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022052514/5a4d1ae47f8b9ab0599786f3/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Boiling water
![Page 7: Convection in the Mantle. Keyterms Density Density-mass/volume. The amount of matter in a given area or volume of that matter. Fluid Fluid-matter that](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022052514/5a4d1ae47f8b9ab0599786f3/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Ocean Currents
![Page 8: Convection in the Mantle. Keyterms Density Density-mass/volume. The amount of matter in a given area or volume of that matter. Fluid Fluid-matter that](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022052514/5a4d1ae47f8b9ab0599786f3/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Air currents in clouds
![Page 9: Convection in the Mantle. Keyterms Density Density-mass/volume. The amount of matter in a given area or volume of that matter. Fluid Fluid-matter that](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022052514/5a4d1ae47f8b9ab0599786f3/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
The Mantle
![Page 10: Convection in the Mantle. Keyterms Density Density-mass/volume. The amount of matter in a given area or volume of that matter. Fluid Fluid-matter that](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022052514/5a4d1ae47f8b9ab0599786f3/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
![Page 11: Convection in the Mantle. Keyterms Density Density-mass/volume. The amount of matter in a given area or volume of that matter. Fluid Fluid-matter that](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022052514/5a4d1ae47f8b9ab0599786f3/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
What is the theory of plate tectonics?
• The theory of plate tectonics explains the formation and movement of Earth’s plates.• The lithosphere is broken into
sections called plates.
![Page 12: Convection in the Mantle. Keyterms Density Density-mass/volume. The amount of matter in a given area or volume of that matter. Fluid Fluid-matter that](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022052514/5a4d1ae47f8b9ab0599786f3/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Plate Boundaries:
• Divergent Boundaries- The place where two plates (pieces of the lithosphere) move apart.
• Most divergent boundaries occur along a mid-ocean ridge where sea-floor spreading occurs.
![Page 13: Convection in the Mantle. Keyterms Density Density-mass/volume. The amount of matter in a given area or volume of that matter. Fluid Fluid-matter that](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022052514/5a4d1ae47f8b9ab0599786f3/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
What is a mid-ocean ridge?
• It is an undersea mountain chain where new ocean floor is produced at a divergent boundary.
![Page 14: Convection in the Mantle. Keyterms Density Density-mass/volume. The amount of matter in a given area or volume of that matter. Fluid Fluid-matter that](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022052514/5a4d1ae47f8b9ab0599786f3/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Convergent Boundaries:• The place where two plates come together
(often called a collision).• When two plates collide, the density of the
plate determines which one comes out on top.
![Page 15: Convection in the Mantle. Keyterms Density Density-mass/volume. The amount of matter in a given area or volume of that matter. Fluid Fluid-matter that](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022052514/5a4d1ae47f8b9ab0599786f3/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Convergent Boundaries:• 2 continental plates collide= formation of
mountains• 1 oceanic + 1 continental collide= oceanic
sinks beneath the continental plate (subduction) and forms a trench (a narrow, deep valley along the ocean floor).
• Subduction- the process by which oceanic crust sinks beneath a less dense plate.
![Page 16: Convection in the Mantle. Keyterms Density Density-mass/volume. The amount of matter in a given area or volume of that matter. Fluid Fluid-matter that](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022052514/5a4d1ae47f8b9ab0599786f3/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Subduction Diagram
![Page 17: Convection in the Mantle. Keyterms Density Density-mass/volume. The amount of matter in a given area or volume of that matter. Fluid Fluid-matter that](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022052514/5a4d1ae47f8b9ab0599786f3/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Transform Boundaries:
• A place where two plates slip past each other, moving in opposite directions.
• Earthquakes often occur along transform boundaries, but crust is neither created nor destroyed.
![Page 18: Convection in the Mantle. Keyterms Density Density-mass/volume. The amount of matter in a given area or volume of that matter. Fluid Fluid-matter that](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022052514/5a4d1ae47f8b9ab0599786f3/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Diagram of plate movement:
![Page 19: Convection in the Mantle. Keyterms Density Density-mass/volume. The amount of matter in a given area or volume of that matter. Fluid Fluid-matter that](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022052514/5a4d1ae47f8b9ab0599786f3/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Evidence for Plate Tectonics
• Pangaea- The name of the single landmasss that broke apart 200 million years ago and gave shape to today’s continents.
![Page 20: Convection in the Mantle. Keyterms Density Density-mass/volume. The amount of matter in a given area or volume of that matter. Fluid Fluid-matter that](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022052514/5a4d1ae47f8b9ab0599786f3/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Evidence for a Supercontinent
• Land features: mountain ranges and coal fields appear to line up according to the shape of continents.
• Fossils: from ancient animals appear to link continents together as well- mesosaurus, lystrosaurus (freshwater reptiles), glossopteris (plant).
• Climate: temperature changes at specific locations show that continents may have shifted toward or away from the equator over time.
![Page 21: Convection in the Mantle. Keyterms Density Density-mass/volume. The amount of matter in a given area or volume of that matter. Fluid Fluid-matter that](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022052514/5a4d1ae47f8b9ab0599786f3/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Active Art Animation
• http://phschool.com/webcodes10/index.cfm?wcprefix=cfp&wcsuffix=1015&fuseaction=home.gotoWebCode&x=0&y=0
![Page 22: Convection in the Mantle. Keyterms Density Density-mass/volume. The amount of matter in a given area or volume of that matter. Fluid Fluid-matter that](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022052514/5a4d1ae47f8b9ab0599786f3/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Evidence for Plate Tectonics
• Sea-Floor Spreading- the process by which molten material adds new oceanic crust to the ocean floor.
• The sea floor spreads apart along both sides of a mid-ocean ridge (divergent boundary), as new crust is added.
![Page 23: Convection in the Mantle. Keyterms Density Density-mass/volume. The amount of matter in a given area or volume of that matter. Fluid Fluid-matter that](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022052514/5a4d1ae47f8b9ab0599786f3/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Sea-Floor Spreading Diagram
![Page 24: Convection in the Mantle. Keyterms Density Density-mass/volume. The amount of matter in a given area or volume of that matter. Fluid Fluid-matter that](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022052514/5a4d1ae47f8b9ab0599786f3/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
How do we know the sea-floor actually spreads?
• Evidence from molten material- new material is erupting along mid-ocean ridges.
• Evidence from drilling samples- the age of rocks have been identified through drilling samples. Rocks farther from the ridge were the oldest, the youngest rocks were always in the center of the ridges.
![Page 25: Convection in the Mantle. Keyterms Density Density-mass/volume. The amount of matter in a given area or volume of that matter. Fluid Fluid-matter that](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022052514/5a4d1ae47f8b9ab0599786f3/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
United Streaming Video Clip
• http://player.discoveryeducation.com/index.cfm?guidAssetId=DA8B6436-B930-4EB3-80BD-6FC93356A61B&blnFromSearch=1&productcode=US