Download - Coping with Exceptions in Agent-Based Workflow Enactments Frank Guerin University of Aberdeen
![Page 1: Coping with Exceptions in Agent-Based Workflow Enactments Frank Guerin University of Aberdeen](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062519/56649e995503460f94b9c984/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Coping with Exceptions in Agent-Based Workflow Enactments
Frank Guerin
University of Aberdeen
![Page 2: Coping with Exceptions in Agent-Based Workflow Enactments Frank Guerin University of Aberdeen](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062519/56649e995503460f94b9c984/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Coping with Exceptions in Agent-Based Workflow Enactments
Frank Guerin
University of Aberdeen
Joey Sik-Chun Lam, Frank Guerin, Wamberto Vasconcelos, and Timothy J. Norman
![Page 3: Coping with Exceptions in Agent-Based Workflow Enactments Frank Guerin University of Aberdeen](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062519/56649e995503460f94b9c984/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Business Processes
![Page 4: Coping with Exceptions in Agent-Based Workflow Enactments Frank Guerin University of Aberdeen](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062519/56649e995503460f94b9c984/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Business Processes
Agents
![Page 5: Coping with Exceptions in Agent-Based Workflow Enactments Frank Guerin University of Aberdeen](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062519/56649e995503460f94b9c984/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Business Processes
Agents Semantic Web Languages
![Page 6: Coping with Exceptions in Agent-Based Workflow Enactments Frank Guerin University of Aberdeen](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062519/56649e995503460f94b9c984/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Business Processes
Agents Semantic Web Languages
Workflow =
The automation of a business process, in whole or part, during which documents, information or tasks are passed from one participant to another for action, according to a set of procedural rules
(WfMC)
![Page 7: Coping with Exceptions in Agent-Based Workflow Enactments Frank Guerin University of Aberdeen](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062519/56649e995503460f94b9c984/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Business Processes
Agents Semantic Web Languages
Workflows
In human organisations (business, health)
Intra / inter
Automated by computer
e.g. Calling Web services
Existing Workflow Management Systems
• Taverna
• Kepler
Centralised + Rigid limited exception handling
![Page 8: Coping with Exceptions in Agent-Based Workflow Enactments Frank Guerin University of Aberdeen](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062519/56649e995503460f94b9c984/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Business Processes
Agents Semantic Web Languages
Business ProcessesWorkflow
Existing systems rigid
![Page 9: Coping with Exceptions in Agent-Based Workflow Enactments Frank Guerin University of Aberdeen](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062519/56649e995503460f94b9c984/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Business Processes
Agents Semantic Web Languages
Business ProcessesWorkflow
Existing systems rigid
![Page 10: Coping with Exceptions in Agent-Based Workflow Enactments Frank Guerin University of Aberdeen](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062519/56649e995503460f94b9c984/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Business Processes
Semantic Web Languages
Business ProcessesWorkflow
Existing systems rigid
Agents
Distributed
Intelligent
Autonomous
Cope with exceptions
![Page 11: Coping with Exceptions in Agent-Based Workflow Enactments Frank Guerin University of Aberdeen](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062519/56649e995503460f94b9c984/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Three Level Architecture
Organisation level Mostly static
Coordination level Dynamic, Communication, Some planning
Service level Also some intelligence, composition, matching
![Page 12: Coping with Exceptions in Agent-Based Workflow Enactments Frank Guerin University of Aberdeen](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062519/56649e995503460f94b9c984/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Exceptions in Agent-based Workflow
Organisation level: Organisational structure makes it impossible e.g. change in environment
Coordination level: e.g. some role empty Alternate pathways ?
Service level: e.g. Web service is unavailable Alternative service (semantic matching) Handle at higher level (Aldewereld et
al.)
![Page 13: Coping with Exceptions in Agent-Based Workflow Enactments Frank Guerin University of Aberdeen](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062519/56649e995503460f94b9c984/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Exceptions in Agent-based Workflow
Organisation level: Organisational structure makes it impossible e.g. change in environment
Coordination level: e.g. some role empty Alternate pathways ?
Service level: e.g. Web service is unavailable Alternative service (semantic matching) Handle at higher level (Aldewereld et
al.)
![Page 14: Coping with Exceptions in Agent-Based Workflow Enactments Frank Guerin University of Aberdeen](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062519/56649e995503460f94b9c984/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Exceptions in Agent-based Workflow
Organisation level: Organisational structure makes it impossible e.g. change in environment
Coordination level: e.g. some role empty Alternate pathways ?
Service level: e.g. Web service is unavailable Alternative service (semantic matching) Handle at higher level (Aldewereld et
al.)
![Page 15: Coping with Exceptions in Agent-Based Workflow Enactments Frank Guerin University of Aberdeen](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062519/56649e995503460f94b9c984/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Exceptions in Agent-based Workflow
Organisation level: Organisational structure makes it impossible e.g. change in environment
Coordination level: e.g. some role empty Alternate pathways ?
Service level: e.g. Web service is unavailable Alternative service (semantic matching)
(Aldewereld et al.)
Existing Techniques
![Page 16: Coping with Exceptions in Agent-Based Workflow Enactments Frank Guerin University of Aberdeen](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062519/56649e995503460f94b9c984/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Exceptions in Agent-based Workflow
Organisation level: Organisational structure makes it impossible e.g. change in environment
Coordination level: e.g. some role empty Alternate pathways ?
Service level: e.g. Web service is unavailable Alternative service (semantic matching)
(Aldewereld et al.)
No Existing Techniques
![Page 17: Coping with Exceptions in Agent-Based Workflow Enactments Frank Guerin University of Aberdeen](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062519/56649e995503460f94b9c984/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Exceptions in Agent-based Workflow
Organisation level: Organisational structure makes it impossible e.g. change in environment
Coordination level: e.g. some role empty Alternate pathways ?
Service level: e.g. Web service is unavailable Alternative service (semantic matching)
(Aldewereld et al.)
Workflow tasks must be
meaningful
![Page 18: Coping with Exceptions in Agent-Based Workflow Enactments Frank Guerin University of Aberdeen](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062519/56649e995503460f94b9c984/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Business Processes
Semantic Web Languages
Business ProcessesWorkflow
Existing systems rigid
Agents
Distributed
Intelligent
Autonomous
Cope with exceptions
![Page 19: Coping with Exceptions in Agent-Based Workflow Enactments Frank Guerin University of Aberdeen](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062519/56649e995503460f94b9c984/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Business Processes
Semantic Web Languages
Business ProcessesWorkflow
Existing systems rigid
Agents
Distributed
Intelligent
Autonomous
Cope with exceptions
→ Workflows
Flexible
Robust
![Page 20: Coping with Exceptions in Agent-Based Workflow Enactments Frank Guerin University of Aberdeen](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062519/56649e995503460f94b9c984/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Business ProcessesBusiness ProcessesWorkflow
Existing systems rigid
Agents
Distributed
Intelligent
Autonomous
Cope with exceptions
→ Workflows
Flexible
Robust
Semantic Web Languages
Organisational Knowledge
Tasks
Roles
Norms
Powers
![Page 21: Coping with Exceptions in Agent-Based Workflow Enactments Frank Guerin University of Aberdeen](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062519/56649e995503460f94b9c984/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Business ProcessesBusiness ProcessesWorkflow
Existing systems rigid
Agents
Distributed
Intelligent
Autonomous
Cope with exceptions
→ Workflows
Flexible
Robust
Semantic Web Languages
Organisational Knowledge
Tasks
Roles
Norms
Powers
Not yet…later• SWRL• DL-safe rules
![Page 22: Coping with Exceptions in Agent-Based Workflow Enactments Frank Guerin University of Aberdeen](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062519/56649e995503460f94b9c984/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Business ProcessesBusiness ProcessesWorkflow
Existing systems rigid
Agents
Distributed
Intelligent
Autonomous
Cope with exceptions
→ Workflows
Flexible
Robust
Semantic Web Languages
Organisational Knowledge
Tasks
Roles
Norms
Powers
Reasoners
Standard
![Page 23: Coping with Exceptions in Agent-Based Workflow Enactments Frank Guerin University of Aberdeen](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062519/56649e995503460f94b9c984/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Business ProcessesBusiness ProcessesWorkflow
Existing systems rigid
Agents
Distributed
Intelligent
Autonomous
Cope with exceptions
→ Workflows
Flexible
Robust
Semantic Web Languages
Organisational Knowledge
Tasks
Roles
Norms
Powers
Reasoners
Standard
![Page 24: Coping with Exceptions in Agent-Based Workflow Enactments Frank Guerin University of Aberdeen](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062519/56649e995503460f94b9c984/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Workflow Example(only shows external messages)
![Page 25: Coping with Exceptions in Agent-Based Workflow Enactments Frank Guerin University of Aberdeen](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062519/56649e995503460f94b9c984/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Workflow Example
Failure happens at this point
![Page 26: Coping with Exceptions in Agent-Based Workflow Enactments Frank Guerin University of Aberdeen](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062519/56649e995503460f94b9c984/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Workflow Example
Failure happens at this point
Stage 5:• query_expertise (useful)
– Authorise– or Reject
![Page 27: Coping with Exceptions in Agent-Based Workflow Enactments Frank Guerin University of Aberdeen](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062519/56649e995503460f94b9c984/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Modeling the Institution (Organisation) Institutional Facts
F = < R, A >
![Page 28: Coping with Exceptions in Agent-Based Workflow Enactments Frank Guerin University of Aberdeen](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062519/56649e995503460f94b9c984/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Modeling the Institution (Organisation) Institutional Facts
F = < R, A >
State of Affairs• Roles• World facts• Power• Prohibition• Obligation
![Page 29: Coping with Exceptions in Agent-Based Workflow Enactments Frank Guerin University of Aberdeen](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062519/56649e995503460f94b9c984/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Modeling the Institution (Organisation) Institutional Facts
F = < R, A >
State of Affairs• Roles• World facts• Power• Prohibition• Obligation
Predicates, Clauses
![Page 30: Coping with Exceptions in Agent-Based Workflow Enactments Frank Guerin University of Aberdeen](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062519/56649e995503460f94b9c984/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Modeling the Institution (Organisation) Institutional Facts
F = < R, A >
State of Affairs• Roles• World facts• Power• Prohibition• Obligation
Rules(speech acts or events modify F )
![Page 31: Coping with Exceptions in Agent-Based Workflow Enactments Frank Guerin University of Aberdeen](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062519/56649e995503460f94b9c984/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Modeling the Institution (Organisation) Institutional Facts
F = < R, A >
State of Affairs• Roles• World facts• Power• Prohibition• Obligation
Rules(speech acts or events modify F )
Fn Speech act Fn+1
![Page 32: Coping with Exceptions in Agent-Based Workflow Enactments Frank Guerin University of Aberdeen](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062519/56649e995503460f94b9c984/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Institutional Facts power(hod, allocate_task (Ag,[Task,Time_limit]))
if role (Ag,cs_dept_staff) power (hod, assign_temp role
(college_staff,[Ag,hod,Duration])) if role (Ag,cs dept_staff) and role (Ag,professor) and
Duration 21:00:00 power (hod, suspend_role
(college staff,[Ag,Role,Duration])) if role (Ag,cs dept_staff)
![Page 33: Coping with Exceptions in Agent-Based Workflow Enactments Frank Guerin University of Aberdeen](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062519/56649e995503460f94b9c984/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Institutional Facts power (hoc, assign_role (college staff,[Ag,hod]))
if role (Ag,cs_dept_staff) and role (Ag,professor) power (hoc, assign_power (college staff,[Ag,Power]))
if role (Ag,college_staff) power (hod, authorise_purchase (secretary,Item))
![Page 34: Coping with Exceptions in Agent-Based Workflow Enactments Frank Guerin University of Aberdeen](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062519/56649e995503460f94b9c984/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Institutional Facts obliged (bob, complete_task (“upgrade
webserver”),“05-June-12:00”, 103) obliged (fred, complete_task (“submit paper to
conference”),“09-Sept-18:00”, 103) prohibited (hoc,
assign_power (college_staff,[hoc,Power]),103)
![Page 35: Coping with Exceptions in Agent-Based Workflow Enactments Frank Guerin University of Aberdeen](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062519/56649e995503460f94b9c984/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Simple Procedural InterpretationUPDATE-INSTITUTIONAL-FACTS
1. Input: speech act (Sender, Receiver, Perf., Content)
2. Check if Sender empowered If not, discard the act and exit
3. Check if Sender prohibition If not, go to the next step; If so, apply the specified sanction.
4. Check if Sender obligation If so remove obligation
5. Process the act as normal (i.e., follow the rules specified for the act)
![Page 36: Coping with Exceptions in Agent-Based Workflow Enactments Frank Guerin University of Aberdeen](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062519/56649e995503460f94b9c984/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Overview
![Page 37: Coping with Exceptions in Agent-Based Workflow Enactments Frank Guerin University of Aberdeen](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062519/56649e995503460f94b9c984/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Some Axioms from the Ontology
HoD ⊑¬ HoC
∃supervises.(∃doesProject.Project) ⊑¬ ∃marksProject.Project
Student ⊑ ≥ 1 takesCourse
![Page 38: Coping with Exceptions in Agent-Based Workflow Enactments Frank Guerin University of Aberdeen](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062519/56649e995503460f94b9c984/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Some Axioms from the Ontology∃teaches.Course v ∃hasExpertise.Course
Professor(dave)
teaches(dave,Robotics) ⊤ ⊑ ∀ teaches.Course
Query_expertise ⊑ ∃doneBy.(Person ⊓ ∃hasExpertise.Expertise)
Equipment(?q) ^ Expertiment(?x) ^ isNeededBy(?q,?x) is_appropriate.equipment(?q,?x)
![Page 39: Coping with Exceptions in Agent-Based Workflow Enactments Frank Guerin University of Aberdeen](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062519/56649e995503460f94b9c984/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Some SPARQL Queries
Prefix uni:<http://www.csd.abdn.ac.uk/jlam/University.owl>
SELECT ?manager
WHERE { “HoD” uni:managedBy ?manager }
Prefix uni:<http://www.csd.abdn.ac.uk/jlam/University.owl>
SELECT ?person
WHERE { ?person uni:hasExpertise “Robotics” }
![Page 40: Coping with Exceptions in Agent-Based Workflow Enactments Frank Guerin University of Aberdeen](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062519/56649e995503460f94b9c984/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Exception Handling RoutineUpon the failure of a message delivery Query ontology to get manager of intended recipient Manager inspects tasks in workflow at this place Find a suitable agent who can perform them
(from ontology)
![Page 41: Coping with Exceptions in Agent-Based Workflow Enactments Frank Guerin University of Aberdeen](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062519/56649e995503460f94b9c984/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Exception Handling in ExampleUpon the failure of a message delivery Query ontology to get manager of intended recipient
SPARQL queryfinance secretary finds HoC (manager)
Manager inspects tasks in workflow at this place Query expertise to see is equipment useful Authorise or reject proposal
Requirements: Expertise in robotics Power to approve purchases
Find a suitable agent who can perform them(SPARQL query + assign power)
![Page 42: Coping with Exceptions in Agent-Based Workflow Enactments Frank Guerin University of Aberdeen](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062519/56649e995503460f94b9c984/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Some SPARQL QueriesPrefix uni:<http://www.csd.abdn.ac.uk/jlam/University.owl>
SELECT ?manager
WHERE { “HoD” uni:managedBy ?manager }
![Page 43: Coping with Exceptions in Agent-Based Workflow Enactments Frank Guerin University of Aberdeen](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062519/56649e995503460f94b9c984/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
Exception Handling in ExampleUpon the failure of a message delivery Query ontology to get manager of intended recipient
SPARQL queryfinance secretary finds HoC (manager)
Manager inspects tasks in workflow at this place Query expertise to see is equipment useful Authorise or reject proposal
Requirements: Expertise in robotics Power to approve purchases
Find a suitable agent who can perform them(SPARQL query + assign power)
![Page 44: Coping with Exceptions in Agent-Based Workflow Enactments Frank Guerin University of Aberdeen](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062519/56649e995503460f94b9c984/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
Exception Handling in ExampleUpon the failure of a message delivery Query ontology to get manager of intended recipient
SPARQL queryfinance secretary finds HoC (manager)
Manager inspects tasks in workflow at this place Query expertise to see is equipment useful Authorise or reject proposal
Requirements: Expertise in robotics Power to approve purchases
Find a suitable agent who can perform them(SPARQL query + assign power)
![Page 45: Coping with Exceptions in Agent-Based Workflow Enactments Frank Guerin University of Aberdeen](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062519/56649e995503460f94b9c984/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
Exception Handling in ExampleUpon the failure of a message delivery Query ontology to get manager of intended recipient
SPARQL queryfinance secretary finds HoC (manager)
Manager inspects tasks in workflow at this place Query expertise to see is equipment useful Authorise or reject proposal
Requirements: Expertise in robotics Power to approve purchases
Find a suitable agent who can perform them(SPARQL query + assign power)
![Page 46: Coping with Exceptions in Agent-Based Workflow Enactments Frank Guerin University of Aberdeen](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062519/56649e995503460f94b9c984/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
Exception Handling in ExampleUpon the failure of a message delivery Query ontology to get manager of intended recipient
SPARQL queryfinance secretary finds HoC (manager)
Manager inspects tasks in workflow at this place Query expertise to see is equipment useful Authorise or reject proposal
Requirements: Expertise in robotics Power to approve purchases
Find a suitable agent who can perform them(SPARQL query + assign power)
![Page 47: Coping with Exceptions in Agent-Based Workflow Enactments Frank Guerin University of Aberdeen](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062519/56649e995503460f94b9c984/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
Some SPARQL Queries
Prefix uni:<http://www.csd.abdn.ac.uk/jlam/University.owl>
SELECT ?person
WHERE { ?person uni:hasExpertise “Robotics” }
![Page 48: Coping with Exceptions in Agent-Based Workflow Enactments Frank Guerin University of Aberdeen](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062519/56649e995503460f94b9c984/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
Business ProcessesBusiness ProcessesWorkflow
Existing systems rigid
Agents
Distributed
Intelligent
Autonomous
Cope with exceptions
→ Workflows
Flexible
Robust
Semantic Web Languages
Organisational Knowledge
Tasks
Roles
Norms
Powers
Reasoners
Standard
![Page 49: Coping with Exceptions in Agent-Based Workflow Enactments Frank Guerin University of Aberdeen](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062519/56649e995503460f94b9c984/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
Business ProcessesBusiness ProcessesWorkflow
Existing systems rigid
Agents
Distributed
Intelligent
Autonomous
Cope with exceptions
→ Workflows
Flexible
Robust
Semantic Web Languages
Organisational Knowledge
Tasks
Roles
Norms
Powers
Reasoners
Standard
![Page 50: Coping with Exceptions in Agent-Based Workflow Enactments Frank Guerin University of Aberdeen](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062519/56649e995503460f94b9c984/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
Exception Handling in Example
Klein and Dellarocas Doctor diagnoses agents illness and prescribe treatment Build expert repository of handling procedures
Buhler and Vidal Slide agent between Web service and workflow
engine Singh
Commitments (high level meaning) Mallya and Singh library of sets of runs