![Page 1: Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman. Chapter 19 Edwards, Wattenberg, and Lineberry Government in America: People, Politics,](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081519/56649de65503460f94adea58/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman.
Chapter 19
Edwards, Wattenberg, and LineberryGovernment in America: People, Politics, and
PolicyFourteenth Edition
Policymaking for Health Care
and the Environment
![Page 2: Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman. Chapter 19 Edwards, Wattenberg, and Lineberry Government in America: People, Politics,](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081519/56649de65503460f94adea58/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman.
Roots of Health Care Policy Governments have long advocated for
public health.
National health insurance was considered in
1930s.
Failed due to lobbying of American Medical
Association.
Government’s role has expanded over time.
No universal coverage exists.
![Page 3: Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman. Chapter 19 Edwards, Wattenberg, and Lineberry Government in America: People, Politics,](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081519/56649de65503460f94adea58/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman.
Health Care Programs Today Government provides care for veterans and
Indians.
Sponsors research at National Institutes of Health.
Most people use single-payer private healthcare
system.
Costs are rapidly increasing.
Government funds Medicare and Medicaid.
Also plays a major role in public health
management.
![Page 4: Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman. Chapter 19 Edwards, Wattenberg, and Lineberry Government in America: People, Politics,](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081519/56649de65503460f94adea58/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman.
![Page 5: Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman. Chapter 19 Edwards, Wattenberg, and Lineberry Government in America: People, Politics,](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081519/56649de65503460f94adea58/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman.
![Page 6: Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman. Chapter 19 Edwards, Wattenberg, and Lineberry Government in America: People, Politics,](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081519/56649de65503460f94adea58/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman.
![Page 7: Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman. Chapter 19 Edwards, Wattenberg, and Lineberry Government in America: People, Politics,](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081519/56649de65503460f94adea58/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman.
![Page 8: Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman. Chapter 19 Edwards, Wattenberg, and Lineberry Government in America: People, Politics,](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081519/56649de65503460f94adea58/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman.
Source: Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (2010), "OECD Health Data", OECD Health Statistics (database). doi: 10.1787/data-00350-en (Accessed on 14 February 2011).
Notes: Data from Australia and Japan are 2007 data. Figures for Belgium, Canada, Netherlands, Norway and Switzerland, are OECD estimates.
![Page 9: Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman. Chapter 19 Edwards, Wattenberg, and Lineberry Government in America: People, Politics,](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081519/56649de65503460f94adea58/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman.
Global $899
1 United States of America $7,164
2 Luxembourg $5,996
3 Monaco $5,750
4 Norway $5,207
5 Switzerland $4,815
6 Netherlands $4,233
7 Malta $4,197
8 Austria $4,150
9 Belgium $4,096
10 Germany $3,922
11 Canada $3,867
12 France $3,851
13 Denmark $3,814
14 Ireland $3,796
15 San Marino $3,690
16 Sweden $3,622
17 Iceland $3,583
18 Australia $3,365
19 Finland $3,299
20 United Kingdom $3,222
![Page 10: Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman. Chapter 19 Edwards, Wattenberg, and Lineberry Government in America: People, Politics,](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081519/56649de65503460f94adea58/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman.
Health Care PolicyThe Health of Americans
Americans generally lag behind other countries Lower life expectancy and higher infant mortality rate
The Cost of Health CareAmericans spend more than any other country—
$2.3 trillion and one-seventh of GDP.Reasons for high costs:
High-tech medicineInsurance pays for health care.Malpractice lawsuits leads to defensive medicine,
which drives up costs.
![Page 11: Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman. Chapter 19 Edwards, Wattenberg, and Lineberry Government in America: People, Politics,](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081519/56649de65503460f94adea58/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman.
Uneven Coverage, Uneven Care
Health Insurance facts46 million have no insurance.
Most common reason for no insurance is losing or changing a job.
Health insurance closely tied to income —Higher income = more insurance
![Page 12: Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman. Chapter 19 Edwards, Wattenberg, and Lineberry Government in America: People, Politics,](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081519/56649de65503460f94adea58/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman.
Managed Care
Health Maintenance Organization (HMO): organization contracted by individuals or insurance companies to provide health care for a yearly fee.
Designed to reduce costs through oversight and limiting patient choices.
Limits choice of health care providers
![Page 13: Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman. Chapter 19 Edwards, Wattenberg, and Lineberry Government in America: People, Politics,](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081519/56649de65503460f94adea58/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman.
1 Monaco 89.7 2011 est.
2 Macau 84.4 2011 est.
3 San Marino 83 2011 est.
4 Andorra 82.4 2011 est.
5 Japan 82.3 2011 est.
6 Guernsey 82.2 2011 est.
7 Singapore 82.1 2011 est.
8 Hong Kong 82 2011 est.
9 Australia 81.8 2011 est.
10 Italy 81.8 2011 est.
11 Jersey 81.4 2011 est.
12 Canada 81.4 2011 est.
13 France 81.2 2011 est.
14 Spain 81.2 2011 est.
15 Switzerland 81.1 2011 est.
16 Sweden 81.1 2011 est.
17 Israel 81 2011 est.
18 Iceland 80.9 2011 est.
19 Anguilla 80.9 2011 est.
20 Bermuda 80.7 2011 est.
49 Portugal 78.5 2011 est.
50 United States 78.4 2011 est.
https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2102rank.html
![Page 14: Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman. Chapter 19 Edwards, Wattenberg, and Lineberry Government in America: People, Politics,](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081519/56649de65503460f94adea58/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman.
Rank Country or territory
Infant mortality rate
(deaths/1,000 live births)
- World 42.09
1 Singapore 2.31
2 Bermuda 2.46
3 Sweden 2.75
4 Japan 2.79
5 Hong Kong 2.92
6 Macau 3.22
7 Iceland 3.23
8 France 3.33
9 Finland 3.47
10 Anguilla 3.52
11 Norway 3.58
12 Malta 3.75
13 Andorra 3.76
14 Czech Republic 3.79
15 Germany 3.99
16 Switzerland 4.18
17 Spain 4.21
18 Israel 4.22
19 Slovenia 4.25
20 Liechtenstein 4.25
21 South Korea 4.26
22 Denmark 4.34
43 5.72
44 Cuba 5.82
45 Guam 6.05
46 United States 6.26
European Union
![Page 15: Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman. Chapter 19 Edwards, Wattenberg, and Lineberry Government in America: People, Politics,](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081519/56649de65503460f94adea58/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman.
The Role of Government in Health Care
Government in the United States plays smaller role than governments in other countries
National Health Insurance: a compulsory insurance program for all American that would have the government finance citizens’ medical care. Current plan (“Obamacare”)- Private insurance or Gov’t Insurance. Phased in 2010-2018.
Medicare: provides hospitalization insurance for elderly and optional coverage for other medical expenses
Medicaid: public assistance program to provide health care for the poor, which is funded by both national and state governments
![Page 16: Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman. Chapter 19 Edwards, Wattenberg, and Lineberry Government in America: People, Politics,](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081519/56649de65503460f94adea58/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman.
Policymaking for Health Care
Interest groups play a major role in health care policy making, leading to uneven government and private health care policies.
– Elderly– Businesses / Labor groups– Insurance companies– Health providers
![Page 17: Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman. Chapter 19 Edwards, Wattenberg, and Lineberry Government in America: People, Politics,](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081519/56649de65503460f94adea58/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman.
![Page 18: Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman. Chapter 19 Edwards, Wattenberg, and Lineberry Government in America: People, Politics,](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081519/56649de65503460f94adea58/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman.
![Page 19: Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman. Chapter 19 Edwards, Wattenberg, and Lineberry Government in America: People, Politics,](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081519/56649de65503460f94adea58/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman.
http://ucatlas.ucsc.edu/spend.php
![Page 20: Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman. Chapter 19 Edwards, Wattenberg, and Lineberry Government in America: People, Politics,](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081519/56649de65503460f94adea58/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman.
![Page 21: Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman. Chapter 19 Edwards, Wattenberg, and Lineberry Government in America: People, Politics,](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081519/56649de65503460f94adea58/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman.
Two Presidents, Two Health Care Plans
Clinton •Guarantee health care coverage for all•Paid for by employers who pay a premium
into a public fund and tax increases on cigarettes
• Interest groups lobbied hard against this bureaucratic and complicated plan which died in Congress.
Bush•Health savings accounts•Drug benefits for elderly through Medicare
![Page 22: Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman. Chapter 19 Edwards, Wattenberg, and Lineberry Government in America: People, Politics,](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081519/56649de65503460f94adea58/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman.
The Health Policy Issues Ahead
Nothing suggests health care will become cheaper.
Health Policy Controversies– Stem cell research
•Limits on federal funding and research, but states spending more
– Is medical rationing the solution to high health care costs?
![Page 23: Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman. Chapter 19 Edwards, Wattenberg, and Lineberry Government in America: People, Politics,](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081519/56649de65503460f94adea58/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman.
U.S.A. Ranked 37th by W.H.O.
Health (50%) : disability-adjusted life expectancy (homicides, obesity*)
Responsiveness (25%) : speed of service, protection of privacy, and quality of amenities
Fair financial contribution 25% (lack of insurance, 37%+ by choice*)
* John Stossel criticisms
![Page 24: Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman. Chapter 19 Edwards, Wattenberg, and Lineberry Government in America: People, Politics,](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081519/56649de65503460f94adea58/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman.
![Page 25: Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman. Chapter 19 Edwards, Wattenberg, and Lineberry Government in America: People, Politics,](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081519/56649de65503460f94adea58/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman.
Chapter 19
Environmental Policy
![Page 26: Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman. Chapter 19 Edwards, Wattenberg, and Lineberry Government in America: People, Politics,](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081519/56649de65503460f94adea58/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman.
3 reasons why environmental policy is
controversial…Policy creates winners and losersScientific uncertaintyEntrepreneurial politics
![Page 27: Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman. Chapter 19 Edwards, Wattenberg, and Lineberry Government in America: People, Politics,](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081519/56649de65503460f94adea58/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman.
ENTREPRENEURIAL POLITICS
BENEFITS TO MANY
COSTS TO ONLY A FEW
![Page 28: Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman. Chapter 19 Edwards, Wattenberg, and Lineberry Government in America: People, Politics,](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081519/56649de65503460f94adea58/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman.
Environmental policy in America
More adversarial than most European nations.
What is done depends heavily on the states.– Federalism causes conflict
• Different Levels of Government
– Separation of powers causes complications• The 3 Branches of Government
![Page 29: Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman. Chapter 19 Edwards, Wattenberg, and Lineberry Government in America: People, Politics,](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081519/56649de65503460f94adea58/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman.
![Page 30: Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman. Chapter 19 Edwards, Wattenberg, and Lineberry Government in America: People, Politics,](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081519/56649de65503460f94adea58/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman.
Environmental Policies in America
Environmental Protection Agency: A federal agency created in 1970 and
charged with administering all the government’s environmental legislation
Administers policies dealing with toxic wastes
The largest independent regulatory agency
![Page 31: Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman. Chapter 19 Edwards, Wattenberg, and Lineberry Government in America: People, Politics,](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081519/56649de65503460f94adea58/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman.
MAIN GOVERNMENT AGENCY
![Page 32: Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman. Chapter 19 Edwards, Wattenberg, and Lineberry Government in America: People, Politics,](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081519/56649de65503460f94adea58/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman.
Environmental Policies in America
Clean AirClean Air Act of 1970
Charged the Department of Transportation with responsibility to reduce automobile emissions.
1990 amendments allowed emissions trading
![Page 33: Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman. Chapter 19 Edwards, Wattenberg, and Lineberry Government in America: People, Politics,](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081519/56649de65503460f94adea58/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman.
Las Vegas
![Page 34: Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman. Chapter 19 Edwards, Wattenberg, and Lineberry Government in America: People, Politics,](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081519/56649de65503460f94adea58/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman.
THE GROWTH OF BALTIMORE(Urban Sprawl)
![Page 35: Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman. Chapter 19 Edwards, Wattenberg, and Lineberry Government in America: People, Politics,](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081519/56649de65503460f94adea58/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman.
U.S.A. Car Fatalities1972 = 52, 3892003 = 42, 884 2004 = 42, 6362006 = 41, 3542008 = 31,110 (Jan–Oct)
![Page 36: Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman. Chapter 19 Edwards, Wattenberg, and Lineberry Government in America: People, Politics,](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081519/56649de65503460f94adea58/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman.
TYPES OF ACCIDENTAL DEATHS, USA 2002
PERCENT
(1) Motor vehicle (MVA) 44.30%
(2) Falls 17.80%
(3) Poison,liq/solid 13.00%
(4) Drowning 3.90%
(5) Fires, Burns,Smoke 3.40%
(6) Medical/Surgical Complication 3.10%
(7) Other land transport 1.50%
(8) Firearms 0.80%
(9) Other (nontransport) 17.80%
![Page 37: Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman. Chapter 19 Edwards, Wattenberg, and Lineberry Government in America: People, Politics,](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081519/56649de65503460f94adea58/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman.
![Page 38: Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman. Chapter 19 Edwards, Wattenberg, and Lineberry Government in America: People, Politics,](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081519/56649de65503460f94adea58/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman.
![Page 39: Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman. Chapter 19 Edwards, Wattenberg, and Lineberry Government in America: People, Politics,](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081519/56649de65503460f94adea58/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman.
West Jordan, Utah Population1950 2,1071960 3,0091970 4,2211980 27,1921990 42,8922000 68,3362009 104,915
![Page 40: Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman. Chapter 19 Edwards, Wattenberg, and Lineberry Government in America: People, Politics,](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081519/56649de65503460f94adea58/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman.
Dayton, Ohio Population
1830 2,950 —
1840 6,067 105.70%
1850 10,977 80.90%
1860 20,081 82.90%
1870 30,473 51.80%
1880 38,678 26.90%
1890 61,220 58.30%
1900 85,333 39.40%
1910 116,577 36.60%
1920 152,559 30.90%
1930 200,982 31.70%
1940 210,718 4.80%
1950 243,872 15.70%
1960 262,332 7.60%
1970 243,601 −7.1%
1980 193,536 −20.6%
1990 182,044 −5.9%
2000 166,179 −8.7%
2009 153,843 −7.4%
![Page 41: Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman. Chapter 19 Edwards, Wattenberg, and Lineberry Government in America: People, Politics,](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081519/56649de65503460f94adea58/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman.
![Page 42: Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman. Chapter 19 Edwards, Wattenberg, and Lineberry Government in America: People, Politics,](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081519/56649de65503460f94adea58/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman.
Environmental Policies in America
Clean WaterWater Pollution Control Act of 1972
Intended to clean up the nation’s rivers and lakes requiring the use of pollution control technology.
Has helped reclaim numerous rivers and lakes since its passage
But misses “runoff” pollution from city streets and other areas.
![Page 43: Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman. Chapter 19 Edwards, Wattenberg, and Lineberry Government in America: People, Politics,](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081519/56649de65503460f94adea58/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman.
![Page 44: Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman. Chapter 19 Edwards, Wattenberg, and Lineberry Government in America: People, Politics,](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081519/56649de65503460f94adea58/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman.
![Page 45: Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman. Chapter 19 Edwards, Wattenberg, and Lineberry Government in America: People, Politics,](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081519/56649de65503460f94adea58/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman.
![Page 46: Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman. Chapter 19 Edwards, Wattenberg, and Lineberry Government in America: People, Politics,](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081519/56649de65503460f94adea58/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman.
![Page 47: Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman. Chapter 19 Edwards, Wattenberg, and Lineberry Government in America: People, Politics,](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081519/56649de65503460f94adea58/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman.
![Page 48: Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman. Chapter 19 Edwards, Wattenberg, and Lineberry Government in America: People, Politics,](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081519/56649de65503460f94adea58/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman.
Grand Lake Ohio 2010-11
![Page 49: Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman. Chapter 19 Edwards, Wattenberg, and Lineberry Government in America: People, Politics,](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081519/56649de65503460f94adea58/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman.
![Page 50: Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman. Chapter 19 Edwards, Wattenberg, and Lineberry Government in America: People, Politics,](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081519/56649de65503460f94adea58/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman.
Retention Ponds
Prevent floodingStorm /
Displaced water storage
![Page 51: Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman. Chapter 19 Edwards, Wattenberg, and Lineberry Government in America: People, Politics,](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081519/56649de65503460f94adea58/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman.
![Page 52: Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman. Chapter 19 Edwards, Wattenberg, and Lineberry Government in America: People, Politics,](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081519/56649de65503460f94adea58/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman.
![Page 53: Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman. Chapter 19 Edwards, Wattenberg, and Lineberry Government in America: People, Politics,](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081519/56649de65503460f94adea58/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman.
Environmental Policies in America
Wilderness PreservationThe U.S. is a world leader.National parks / national forests restrict use to
keep them for future generations.
George W. Bush proposed letting states decide on roads in wilderness areas.
Endangered SpeciesEndangered Species Act: federal government
must protect actively endangered species—regardless of economic impact
![Page 54: Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman. Chapter 19 Edwards, Wattenberg, and Lineberry Government in America: People, Politics,](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081519/56649de65503460f94adea58/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman.
Environmental Policies in America
Toxic WastesSuperfund: created by Congress in 1980 to clean
up hazardous waste sites; money comes from taxing chemical products
Has virtually eliminated haphazard dumping of toxic waste, but less successful in cleaning up existing waste
Nuclear waste presents a serious challengeYucca Flats, Nevada as home for nuclear waste
![Page 55: Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman. Chapter 19 Edwards, Wattenberg, and Lineberry Government in America: People, Politics,](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081519/56649de65503460f94adea58/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman.
SUPERFUND CLEANUP SITES
Green=Cleaned Yellow=Proposed Red=Identified
![Page 56: Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman. Chapter 19 Edwards, Wattenberg, and Lineberry Government in America: People, Politics,](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081519/56649de65503460f94adea58/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman.
Energy Sources and Energy Politics
87% of the nation’s energy comes from coal, oil, and natural gas.
Coal is the most abundant fuel—90 percent of nation’s energy resources—but also the dirtiest.
Oil accounts for 40% of our energy, but creates a dependence on foreign (especially Middle East) sources.
The most controversial energy source is nuclear.
![Page 57: Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman. Chapter 19 Edwards, Wattenberg, and Lineberry Government in America: People, Politics,](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081519/56649de65503460f94adea58/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman.
Energy Policy
![Page 58: Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman. Chapter 19 Edwards, Wattenberg, and Lineberry Government in America: People, Politics,](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081519/56649de65503460f94adea58/html5/thumbnails/58.jpg)
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman.
Energy Policy
![Page 59: Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman. Chapter 19 Edwards, Wattenberg, and Lineberry Government in America: People, Politics,](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081519/56649de65503460f94adea58/html5/thumbnails/59.jpg)
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman.
The Global Warming Gridlock
Earth is expected to warm between two and six degrees by 2100 due to carbon dioxide.
Total costs could be $5 trillion.
United States is leading producer of carbon dioxide, but has not ratified Kyoto treatyKyoto requires reduction in greenhouse gas.
States, like California, are reducing emissions.
![Page 60: Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman. Chapter 19 Edwards, Wattenberg, and Lineberry Government in America: People, Politics,](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081519/56649de65503460f94adea58/html5/thumbnails/60.jpg)
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman.
![Page 61: Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman. Chapter 19 Edwards, Wattenberg, and Lineberry Government in America: People, Politics,](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081519/56649de65503460f94adea58/html5/thumbnails/61.jpg)
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman.
Groups, Energy, and the Environment
Environmental clean up is political since it puts “public” goods against other private concerns.
Explosion of groups formed to protect the environment in 1960s and 1970s.
Opposition to strict environmental laws, claiming it may hurt economy.
Policies will be controversial and expensive.
![Page 62: Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman. Chapter 19 Edwards, Wattenberg, and Lineberry Government in America: People, Politics,](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081519/56649de65503460f94adea58/html5/thumbnails/62.jpg)
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman.
Democracy, Health Care, and Environmental Policy
The issues involve all levels of governments.
High-tech issues limit citizens’ participation.
Relies heavily on group participationGroups, not individuals, have resources
needed to afford the research into the science and policy of the issues.
![Page 63: Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman. Chapter 19 Edwards, Wattenberg, and Lineberry Government in America: People, Politics,](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081519/56649de65503460f94adea58/html5/thumbnails/63.jpg)
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman.
The Scope of Government and Health Care and Environmental
PolicyAs citizens want more health care
reform, government will grow.
Increased environmental protection will also increase the size of government.
With party divisions, incremental, not fundamental change is most likely.
![Page 64: Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman. Chapter 19 Edwards, Wattenberg, and Lineberry Government in America: People, Politics,](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081519/56649de65503460f94adea58/html5/thumbnails/64.jpg)
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman.
Summary
Technology is important to health and environmental policies.– Advances have improved health care but
also increased its cost.– Advances have improved quality of life,
but reliance on coal and oil as sources of energy have contributed to environmental degradation.
Government will continue to grow to address these policy issues.