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Page 1: Coupled Hydrological Atmospheric Modelling for ......Coupled Hydrological Atmospheric Modelling for IP3Atmospheric Modelling for IP3 Theme 3 working group IP3 workshop Nov 9-10, WLU,

Coupled Hydrological Atmospheric Modelling for IP3Atmospheric Modelling for IP3

Theme 3 working group

IP3 workshop Nov 9-10, WLU, Waterloo, Ontario

Page 2: Coupled Hydrological Atmospheric Modelling for ......Coupled Hydrological Atmospheric Modelling for IP3Atmospheric Modelling for IP3 Theme 3 working group IP3 workshop Nov 9-10, WLU,

Environmental Prediction FrameworkEnvironmental Prediction Framework

Upper air GEM atmospheric4DVarUpper airobservations

C PA

GEM atmosphericmodel

4DVardata assimilation

“On-line”mode

“Off-line”mode

“On-line”mode

“Off-line”mode

CaPA:Canadian

precipitationanalysis

Surface scheme(EC version of Watflood CLASS or ISBA)

Surfaceobservations

CaLDAS:C di

y

ISBA)and routing model

Canadianland data

assimilation MESHModélisation environnementaleModélisation environnementale

communautaire (MEC)de la surface et de l’hydrologie

Page 3: Coupled Hydrological Atmospheric Modelling for ......Coupled Hydrological Atmospheric Modelling for IP3Atmospheric Modelling for IP3 Theme 3 working group IP3 workshop Nov 9-10, WLU,

MESH: A MEC surface/hydrology configuration designed for regional hydrological modeling

• Designed for a regular B C C C ADesigned for a regular grid at a 1-15 km resolution

• Each grid divided into

B C C C A

C B B A A

D C B C C

Sub-gridHetereogeneity(land coverEach grid divided into

grouped response units (GRU or tiles) to deal with subgrid

D C B B C

D D D D B

(land cover,soil type, slope,aspect, altitude)

ghetereogeneity

AA relatively smallnumber of classes

B C

D

number of classesare kept, only the %of coverage foreach class is kept

Page 4: Coupled Hydrological Atmospheric Modelling for ......Coupled Hydrological Atmospheric Modelling for IP3Atmospheric Modelling for IP3 Theme 3 working group IP3 workshop Nov 9-10, WLU,

MESH: A MEC surface/hydrology configuration designed for regional hydrological modelingdesigned for regional hydrological modeling

• The tile connector(1D, scalable) redistributes mass Tile

connectorand energy between tiles in a grid cell

– e.g. snow drift• The grid connector (2D) is

connector

• The grid connector (2D) is responsible for routing runoff

– can still be parallelized by grouping grid cells by

Gridconnector

subwatershed

Page 5: Coupled Hydrological Atmospheric Modelling for ......Coupled Hydrological Atmospheric Modelling for IP3Atmospheric Modelling for IP3 Theme 3 working group IP3 workshop Nov 9-10, WLU,

From Measurements to ModelsFrom Measurements to ModelsResolution 1 m 100 m 100 m - 2 km 2 - 10 km 10 km - 10 km

Landscape type Pattern/tileTile/HRU Tile/HRU Grid/small basin Multi-grid/medium basin Multi-gridPoint Hillslope Sub-basin Basin Mesoscale Regional;

Prediction TerrestrialOpen WaterSnow and Ice

Previous LSS Scaling Methodology

Parametrization TerrestrialOpen WaterSnow and Ice

Process TerrestrialOpen WaterS d I

IP3 Scaling Methodology

Snow and Ice

MESH MESH MESH MESHMODELS CHRM CHRM CHRM CHRM

CEOP Hydrology CEOP HydrologyQuinton CFCAS Study---------------> <----------------------------------MAGS

Modelling and parameterization hierarchy. Previous LSS scaling methodology refers to projects that parameterized and evaluated predictions of processes at a point and then applied directly to regional scales IP3 scaling methodology involvespoint and then applied directly to regional scales. IP3 scaling methodology involves step-wise transfer of upscaled processes to basin-scale parameterizations and then to regional scales

Page 6: Coupled Hydrological Atmospheric Modelling for ......Coupled Hydrological Atmospheric Modelling for IP3Atmospheric Modelling for IP3 Theme 3 working group IP3 workshop Nov 9-10, WLU,

Scale mattersScale matters

RCM Domain

1Trail Valley Creek

(Arctic Tundra)

Havikpak Creek

GEM Domain North

GEM Domain South1

Mackenzie Basin

1

2Wolf Creek

(Subarctic Tundra Cordillrea)

Havikpak Creek(Taiga Woodland)

243

Peace-Athabasca Sub Basin (Mackenzie)

3 Scotty Creek(Permafrost Wetlands)

Saskatchewan BasinColumbia River

Basin

4

5

Baker Creek(Subarctic Shield

Lakes)

Lake O'Hara(Wet Alpine)

Peyto Creek(Glaciated Alpine)

5

5 (Wet Alpine)

Marmot Creek(Subalpine Forest)

Page 7: Coupled Hydrological Atmospheric Modelling for ......Coupled Hydrological Atmospheric Modelling for IP3Atmospheric Modelling for IP3 Theme 3 working group IP3 workshop Nov 9-10, WLU,

AdvancementsAdvancements

• Establishing MESH domains at the basin scaleg– Partnerships for most research basins have formed.– Single Grid version of CLASS for each basin has been set-up

by U of Wby U of W.▪ Soulis and Seglenieks

– Software Engineering and repository established at HAL labDavison▪ Davison

– DDS working with CLASS and MESH▪ Tolson

Page 8: Coupled Hydrological Atmospheric Modelling for ......Coupled Hydrological Atmospheric Modelling for IP3Atmospheric Modelling for IP3 Theme 3 working group IP3 workshop Nov 9-10, WLU,

Calibration of a Land Surface Hydrology y gyScheme in Arctic Environments

Pablo Dornes1, Bruce Davison2, Alain Pietroniro2

Bryan Tolson3, Ric Soulis3, Philip Marsh2, and John Pomeroy1

1 Centre for Hydrology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada2 Environment Canada, Saskatoon, SK, Canada3 University of Waterloo ON Canada3 University of Waterloo, ON, Canada

Page 9: Coupled Hydrological Atmospheric Modelling for ......Coupled Hydrological Atmospheric Modelling for IP3Atmospheric Modelling for IP3 Theme 3 working group IP3 workshop Nov 9-10, WLU,

Objectivesj

To parameterise a LS-Hydrological model A stepwise procedure isTo parameterise a LS Hydrological model,A stepwise procedure is applied:

1. Calibration of a LSS in a point mode using a single-objective function (snow water equivalent-SWE). Examination of the effects ( q )of including an explicit representation in a LSS of: a) Fully distributed (calibrated)b) Initial conditions, c) Forcing data. d) all

2. Calibration of a LS-Hydrological model using a multi-objective function (streamflow and snow cover area SCA) by keeping thefunction (streamflow and snow cover area-SCA) by keeping the vegetation parameters calibrated in point 1.

Page 10: Coupled Hydrological Atmospheric Modelling for ......Coupled Hydrological Atmospheric Modelling for IP3Atmospheric Modelling for IP3 Theme 3 working group IP3 workshop Nov 9-10, WLU,

Wolf Creek – Trail Valley Creek

T il V ll C kTrail Valley Creek

G B iGranger Basin60° 31’N, 135° 07’W Area: 8 km2 TVC Basin

68° 45’N, 133° 30’W Area: 63 km2Area: 63 km2

Page 11: Coupled Hydrological Atmospheric Modelling for ......Coupled Hydrological Atmospheric Modelling for IP3Atmospheric Modelling for IP3 Theme 3 working group IP3 workshop Nov 9-10, WLU,

Landscape Heterogeneity

Page 12: Coupled Hydrological Atmospheric Modelling for ......Coupled Hydrological Atmospheric Modelling for IP3Atmospheric Modelling for IP3 Theme 3 working group IP3 workshop Nov 9-10, WLU,

Modelling strategyLSS

Parameter PLT NF

Open tundra

Shrub tundra

The Canadian Land Surface Scheme (CLASS 3 3)

tundra tundra

Max. LAI (LAMX) 0.53(0.5, 2)

2.81(2, 3)

Min. LAI (LAMN) 0.28(0.5, 3)

0.99(0.4, 1)

LN roughness length (LNZ0) 4 09 2 42(CLASS 3.3)Calibration 2003

Objective function: Snow Water Equivalent (SWE)

LN roughness length (LNZ0)[m]

-4.09(-4.8, -

3.5)

-2.42(-3.7, -

1.8)

Visible albedo (ALVC) 0.183(0.02, 0.2)

0.087(0.03, 0.2)

Near infrared albedo (ALIC) 0 424 0 464Dynamically Dimensioned Search (DDS) global optimisation algorithm (Tolson and Shoemaker WRR 2007) 25 parameters (12 for shrubs, 12 for grass,

Near-infrared albedo (ALIC) 0.424(0.2, 0.4)

0.464(0.3, 0.5)

Biomass Den. (CMAS)[Kg·m-2]

0.11(0.05, 0.35)

6.13(6, 10)

Min. stomatal resist. (RSMN) 251.5(50 300)

51.9(50 300)and 1 for snow-cover depletion, SCD) that

govern snowmelt

Validation 2002 and 2004

(50, 300) (50, 300)

Coef. stomata resp. to light (QA50) [W·m-2]

46.1(20, 60)

21.1(20, 60)

Coef. stomatal resist. to VP deficit (VPDA)

1.31(0.2, 1.5)

1.08(0.2, 1.5)

Effects of initial conditions were analysedfrom extensive field observations whereas forcing data effects were evaluated using the Cold Region Hydrological Model

Coef. stomatal resist. to VP deficit (VPDB)

0.61(0.2, 1.5)

0.93(0.2, 1.5)

Coef. stomatal resist. to soil WS (PSGA)

146.7(50, 150)

93.5(50, 150)

Coef. stomatal resist. to soil WS (PSGB)

4.92(1 10)

1.09(1 10)

g y g(CRHM) as a prepossessing data for CLASS.

(PSGB) (1-10) (1-10)

Lower snow depth limit for 100% SCA (D100) [m]

0.42(0.05-0.5)

0.81(0.05-1)

Page 13: Coupled Hydrological Atmospheric Modelling for ......Coupled Hydrological Atmospheric Modelling for IP3Atmospheric Modelling for IP3 Theme 3 working group IP3 workshop Nov 9-10, WLU,

Modelling strategyCRHM – Short wave correction

Page 14: Coupled Hydrological Atmospheric Modelling for ......Coupled Hydrological Atmospheric Modelling for IP3Atmospheric Modelling for IP3 Theme 3 working group IP3 workshop Nov 9-10, WLU,

Modelling strategyCLASS – Point mode

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SWE - Calibration period - 2003m

m)

120

160

200

obs SWE UBSim SWE UB

mm

) 120

160obs SWE PLTsim SWE PLT

SWE

(

0

40

80

SWE

(0

40

80

Time (days)

Apr 20 Apr 28 May 06 May 14 May 22 May 30 Jun 07 0

Time (days)

Apr 20 Apr 28 May 06 May 14 May 22 0

NS= 0.93 NS= 0.76

Page 16: Coupled Hydrological Atmospheric Modelling for ......Coupled Hydrological Atmospheric Modelling for IP3Atmospheric Modelling for IP3 Theme 3 working group IP3 workshop Nov 9-10, WLU,

SWE - Calibration period - 2003m

m)

160

200

240obs SWE NFsim SWE NF

mm

)

200240280320

obs SWE SFsim SWE SF

SWE

(m

0

40

80

120

SWE

(m0

4080

120160

Time (days)

Apr 20 Apr 28 May 06 May 14 May 22 May 30 Jun 07 0

Time (days)

Apr 20 Apr 28 May 06 May 14 May 22 May 30 Jun 07 0

NS= 0.87 NS= 0.70

Page 17: Coupled Hydrological Atmospheric Modelling for ......Coupled Hydrological Atmospheric Modelling for IP3Atmospheric Modelling for IP3 Theme 3 working group IP3 workshop Nov 9-10, WLU,

SWE - Calibration period - 2003

mm

)

120

160

200obs SWE VBsim SWE VB

SWE

(m

40

80

120

Time (days)

Apr 20 Apr 28 May 06 May 14 May 22 May 30 0

NS= 0.98

Page 18: Coupled Hydrological Atmospheric Modelling for ......Coupled Hydrological Atmospheric Modelling for IP3Atmospheric Modelling for IP3 Theme 3 working group IP3 workshop Nov 9-10, WLU,

SWE - Validation period - 2002W

E (m

m)

120160200240280320

obs SWE NFsim SWE NF

WE

(mm

)

6080

100120140

obs SWE SFsim SWE SF

NF=0.92 NS= 0.89

Time (days)

Apr 19 Apr 28 May 07 May 16 May 25 Jun 03 Jun 12

SW

04080

120

Time (days)

Apr 19 Apr 27 May 05 May 13 May 21

SW

0204060

Time (days) Time (days)

m) 120

160obs SWE VBsim SWE VBNS= 0.78

SWE

(m

0

40

80

Time (days)

Apr 19 Apr 27 May 05 May 13 May 21 May 29 0

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SWE - Validation period - 2004

280 240b SWE SF

SWE

(mm

)

80120160200240 obs SWE NF

sim SWE NF

SWE

(mm

)

80

120

160

200 obs SWE SFsim SWE SF

NS= 0.72NS= 0.73

Time (days)

Apr 20 Apr 27 May 04 May 11 May 18 May 25

S

04080

Time (days)

Apr 20 Apr 27 May 04 May 11 May 18 May 25

S

0

40

mm

)

120

160

200obs SWE VBsim SWE VB

mm

)

60

80

100obs SWE PLTsim SWE PLT

NS= 0 94

A 20 A 27 M 04 M 11 M 18 M 25

SWE

(

0

40

80

Apr 16 Apr 23 Apr 30 Ma 07 Ma 14

SWE

(

0

20

40

NS= 0.94NS= 0.86

Time (days)

Apr 20 Apr 27 May 04 May 11 May 18 May 25

Time (days)

Apr 16 Apr 23 Apr 30 May 07 May 14

Page 20: Coupled Hydrological Atmospheric Modelling for ......Coupled Hydrological Atmospheric Modelling for IP3Atmospheric Modelling for IP3 Theme 3 working group IP3 workshop Nov 9-10, WLU,

Avg Initial ConditionsAvg. Initial Conditions

20022002

WE

(mm

)

120160200240280320

obs SWE NFsim SWE NF

WE

(mm

)

80

120

160

200obs SWE SFsim SWE SF

NS= -0.36 R2= 0 75

20022002

Ti (d )

Apr 19 Apr 28 May 07 May 16 May 25 Jun 03 Jun 12

SW

04080

120

Ti (d )

Apr 19 Apr 27 May 05 May 13 May 21

SW

0

40

80 R 0.75

m)

160

200

240obs SWE PLTsim SWE PLT

Time (days) Time (days)

m)

160

200

240obs SWE PLTsim SWE PLT

2003 2004

SWE

(mm

0

40

80

120

160

NS= -4.87SW

E (m

m

0

40

80

120

160

NS= -10.69

Time (days)Apr 20 Apr 28 May 06 May 14 May 22

0

Time (days)

Apr 16 Apr 23 Apr 30 May 07 May 14 0

Page 21: Coupled Hydrological Atmospheric Modelling for ......Coupled Hydrological Atmospheric Modelling for IP3Atmospheric Modelling for IP3 Theme 3 working group IP3 workshop Nov 9-10, WLU,

Aggregated Forcing data - 2003gg g g

240b SWE NF 280

320obs SWE SF

SWE

(mm

)

80

120

160

200 obs SWE NFsim SWE NF

SWE

(mm

)

80120160200240280 obs SWE SF

sim SWE SFNS= -0.44 NS= -0.54

Time (days)

Apr 20 Apr 28 May 06 May 14 May 22 May 30 Jun 07 0

40

Time (days)

Apr 20 Apr 28 May 06 May 14 May 22 May 30 Jun 07 0

4080

mm

)

120

160

200

obs SWE UBsim SWE UB

NS= -0.38

Apr 20 Apr 28 May 06 May 14 May 22 May 30 Jun 07

SWE

(

0

40

80

Time (days)

Apr 20 Apr 28 May 06 May 14 May 22 May 30 Jun 07

Page 22: Coupled Hydrological Atmospheric Modelling for ......Coupled Hydrological Atmospheric Modelling for IP3Atmospheric Modelling for IP3 Theme 3 working group IP3 workshop Nov 9-10, WLU,

Aggregated Forcing data – 2002-2004gg g g20022002

(mm

)

160200240280320

obs SWE NFsim SWE NF

(mm

)

80100120140

obs SWE SFsim SWE SF

NS= 0.44 NS= 0.87

Apr 19 Apr 28 May 07 May 16 May 25 Jun 03 Jun 12

SWE

04080

120160

Apr 19 Apr 27 May 05 May 13 May 21

SWE

0204060

20042004Time (days) Time (days)

m) 200

240280

obs SWE NFsim SWE NF

m)

160

200

240

obs SWE SFsim SWE SFNS= 0.54

20042004

SWE

(mm

04080

120160200

SWE

(mm

0

40

80

120

160

NS= -3.44

Time (days)

Apr 20 Apr 27 May 04 May 11 May 18 May 25 0

Time (days)

Apr 20 Apr 27 May 04 May 11 May 18 May 25 0

Page 23: Coupled Hydrological Atmospheric Modelling for ......Coupled Hydrological Atmospheric Modelling for IP3Atmospheric Modelling for IP3 Theme 3 working group IP3 workshop Nov 9-10, WLU,

Aggregated vs Distributed

2002802003 2002

80

120

160Obs SWE AggregatedDistributed

WE

(mm

)

120160200240 Obs SWE

AggregatedDistributed

Time (days)Apr 19 Apr 28 May 07 May 16 May 25 Jun 03 Jun 12

0

40

Apr 20 Apr 28 May 06 May 14 May 22 May 30 Jun 07

SW

04080

Time (days)

(mm

)

160

200

240Obs SWE AggregatedDistributed

2004

SW

E (

0

40

80

120

Time (days)Apr 20 Apr 27 May 04 May 11 May 18 May 25

0

Page 24: Coupled Hydrological Atmospheric Modelling for ......Coupled Hydrological Atmospheric Modelling for IP3Atmospheric Modelling for IP3 Theme 3 working group IP3 workshop Nov 9-10, WLU,

Modelling strategyTransference of parameters

Page 25: Coupled Hydrological Atmospheric Modelling for ......Coupled Hydrological Atmospheric Modelling for IP3Atmospheric Modelling for IP3 Theme 3 working group IP3 workshop Nov 9-10, WLU,

Modelling strategyg gyLS-Hydrological model

The MESH modelling system g yCalibration 1996Objective functions: St fl d b i S C A (SCA)Streamflow and basin average Snow Cover Area (SCA)

Dynamically Dimensioned Search (DDS) global optimisation algorithm

15 parameters (7 for shrubs 7 for grass and 1 for snow-15 parameters (7 for shrubs, 7 for grass, and 1 for snowcover depletion, SCD)

Validation 1999Validation 1999

Page 26: Coupled Hydrological Atmospheric Modelling for ......Coupled Hydrological Atmospheric Modelling for IP3Atmospheric Modelling for IP3 Theme 3 working group IP3 workshop Nov 9-10, WLU,

Trail Valley Creek - SCAA

0.8

1.0Obs SCASim regional.Sim default

A

0.8

1.0Obs SCASim regional.Sim default

Frac

tiona

l SC

A

0.4

0.6

Frac

tiona

l SC

A

0.4

0.6

May-11 May-18 May-25 Jun-01 Jun-08 Jun-15 0.0

0.2

May 11 May 18 May 25 Jun 01 Jun 08 Jun 15 0.0

0.2

calibration validation

Date (1996)

y y y

Date (1999)

y y y

(a) (b)

Page 27: Coupled Hydrological Atmospheric Modelling for ......Coupled Hydrological Atmospheric Modelling for IP3Atmospheric Modelling for IP3 Theme 3 working group IP3 workshop Nov 9-10, WLU,

Trail Valley Creek - Streamflow

8 10

1 ]

6

ObsSim regional.Sim default

1 ]

6

8ObsSim regional.Sim default

Q [m

3 . s-1

2

4

Q [m

3 . s-1

4

6

May-01 May-11 May-21 May-31 Jun-10 Jun-20 Jun-300

2

May 01 May 11 May 21 May 31 Jun 10 Jun 20 Jun 300

2

calibration validation

Date (1996)

May 01 May 11 May 21 May 31 Jun 10 Jun 20 Jun 30

Date (1999)

May 01 May 11 May 21 May 31 Jun 10 Jun 20 Jun 30

Page 28: Coupled Hydrological Atmospheric Modelling for ......Coupled Hydrological Atmospheric Modelling for IP3Atmospheric Modelling for IP3 Theme 3 working group IP3 workshop Nov 9-10, WLU,

ConclusionsConclusions

• A regionalization approach for transferring parameters of a physically based LSH model in sub arctic and arctic environments has been presentedLSH model in sub-arctic and arctic environments has been presented.

• This approach was based on a landscape similarity criterion and focused on two aspects.

– First, model parameters are landcover-based rather than basin-based, and second a step wise calibration procedure was used to estimate the effective– second a step-wise calibration procedure was used to estimate the effective parameters.

• The landcover-based parameters offer an interesting alternative for PUB due to the difficulties in finding basin-based criteria for transferring parameters.parameters.

• Distributed and physically based models, landscape-based parameters appear to be a more feasible framework for transferring information between catchments than regionalisation schemes using regression methods based on basin characteristics.

• A special case however, was the inclusion of the SDC parameter in the calibration process at TVC. The main reasons were its poor physical basis and the resulting difficulty in deriving a landscape-base value from observations.

Page 29: Coupled Hydrological Atmospheric Modelling for ......Coupled Hydrological Atmospheric Modelling for IP3Atmospheric Modelling for IP3 Theme 3 working group IP3 workshop Nov 9-10, WLU,

What NextWhat Next

• Extend Wolf Creek analysis to entire basiny

• Examine basin segmentation approaches and combinations of topographic and land cover GRU’scombinations of topographic and land-cover GRU s.

• Look at continuous simulation to assess impacts on IC.– Tile connectors for redistribution of blowing snow

• Extend analysis to other basins• Extend analysis to other basins

• Pay attention to IP-1 and IP-2 findings


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