Course: Introduction to Computers
Lecture: 4 Software
Introduction Program:Set of sequence instruction that tell the computer what to do.
Software:A collection of programs, data, and information.
Programmer:The person who makes the program.
(Computer Software)
(System Software) (Application Software)
Computer Software
System Software It is the software which is used by the
computer or operates a computer system.
Built inside the computer or in a CD must be bought.
(System Software)
(Programming language)
(Compiler And
Interpreters)
(Operating Systems)
Programming language
Programs are developed by the programming languages.
It is a set of words, rules, syntax.
There are many programming languages each to solve specific kinds of problems.
Ex. ( C, Java, Pascal, …etc).
Generations of Programming Languages:1. Machine Language.2. Assembly Language.3. High Level Language.4. Application Generation.5. Object Oriented Languages.
Programming language
Generations of Programming Languages:1.Machine Language:
It is written in 1, 0 (Binary system). Difficult language. Need long time. Depends on the computer architecture.
Programming language
Generations of Programming Languages:2.Assembly Language:
Easier than the machine language. Depends on the computer architecture. A translator is needed and it is called
(Assembler).
Programming language
Generations of Programming Languages:3.High Level Language:
It needs translators. It can be used very easily to solve complex
problems. They are undependable of the computer’s
architecture. Ex. Python , C , Java
Programming language
Generations of Programming Languages:4.Application Generations:
Database language used to create files, forms, queries and reports without the writing of any programs.
Ex. Oracle, Access.
Programming language
Generations of Programming Languages:5.Object Oriented Languages:
Consist of a collection of objects.
Programming language
(System Software)
(Programming language)
(Compiler And
Interpreters)
(Operating Systems)
System Software
Compiler And Interpreters
Compilers and Interpreters: Program that translate the source code into object code.
Compilers: translate a whole program once and execute it.
Interpreters: translate and execute one instruction at a time. Its slower and use more space than the compiler.
Operating System Functions
1. Booting up.2. User Interface.3. Task and resources management.4. Monitoring.5. File Management.6. System security.
Operating System Type
1) Multitasking OS: execute more than one task at the same time.
2) Multiprocessing OS: uses more than one CPU.
3) Timesharing OS: time is shared between multi-user to execute their task.
4) Network OS
5) Real Time OS: Input and output operations are happing at the same time (medical devices).
(Computer Software)
(System Software) (Application Software)
Computer Software
Application Software
Application software is a software used by user
Two categories Basic applications
general-purpose
Specialized applicationsFor specific, advanced tasks
Basic Application Focus on basic and general-purpose tasks
Focus on specific disciplines and occupations
Make it possible to perform advanced tasks at home
Examples: Graphics Programs Audio and Video Editing Software Multimedia Creation Programs Web Designing Programs
Specialized Applications
Examples
Computer Parts
O.S
Application Software
User
Interfaces
Interface: It’s the way that the user use to deal (communicate) with the computer.
Type:1. Command Line Interface:
1. Commands must be typed on the keyboard. 2. It’s slow process.3. Require a high degree of computer knowledge.
2. Graphical User Interface:1. Use pictures, windows, menus, icons to represent object
and operation.2. User can select any object by pointing the mouse at it an
click on it.3. Ease, enjoyable.