Download - Cranes introduction ppt
-
7/27/2019 Cranes introduction ppt
1/55
CRANES
TOTAL SOUTH PARS
-
7/27/2019 Cranes introduction ppt
2/55
Ident i f icat ion and Capacity
The manufacturer must issue a Test Certificate for every
crane he produces, identifying it and specifying the SafeWorking Load (SWL) which must be clearly marked on
the Crane structure.
Safe Working Load
-
7/27/2019 Cranes introduction ppt
3/55
In large organisations which have their own
system of plant identification it should relate to
the ManufacturersCertificate.
Identification
Number
-
7/27/2019 Cranes introduction ppt
4/55
Maintenance
Apart form Statutory Inspections, Cranes should beinspected regularly by the users own staff and
preventative maintenance schedules followed. Records
should be kept of these checks and of any work done,
especially if it is in response to a Statutory Inspection
requirement.
-
7/27/2019 Cranes introduction ppt
5/55
Safety MeasuresTo protect both the Operator and the Crane itself, anumber of safety devices are incorporated in the design
of the Crane and these include :
-
7/27/2019 Cranes introduction ppt
6/55
1)Overtravel Sw itchesTo prevent the hook or sheave block from being
raised right up to the cable drum, a robust limit
switch should be fitted to the crab or upper
sheave block. Checks of this limit switch should
be included in routine inspections.
NO
-
7/27/2019 Cranes introduction ppt
7/55
2) Protec t ion o f BareConductors
Where bare pick-up conductors are used to carry
the power supply they must be shielded formaccidental contact particularly if near cabin access.
Suitably worded notices, e.g. WARNING BARE
LIVE WIRES, should be posted on the walls or
building structure. The power supply isolatingswitch posted on the walls or building structure. The
power supply isolating switch should be provided
with means for locking-off during maintenance
work.
-
7/27/2019 Cranes introduction ppt
8/55
3)Con tro lsThe controls of Cranes, whether cabin, pendant or radio,
should be clearly identified to prevent inadvertentoperation. On Overhead Electric Travelling (OET)
cranes with electric pendant controls the directions of
travel should be unambiguously marked. Controls
should be of the Dead-Mantype.
-
7/27/2019 Cranes introduction ppt
9/55
4)Load Ind icators
Load Indicators are required to be fitted to jib cranes and can beused with benefit on all cranes.
There are two types :
A) A load / radius indicator that shows the radius at which the
crane is working and the safe load at that radius. It must be
clearly visible to the driver.B) An automatic Safe Load Indicator that warns, either visually or
audibly, that the load is approaching the maximum safe level
or that it has exceeded that value.
-
7/27/2019 Cranes introduction ppt
10/55
5)Safety Catches
Wherever practicable, crane hooks should be fitted withsafety catches9 to prevent slings, chains, ropes, etc. from
jumpingoff the hook.
NO!
-
7/27/2019 Cranes introduction ppt
11/55
6)Emergency EscapeWhere, on travelling cranes, access to the cab is not anintegral part of the crane, suitable escape equipment should
be provided to enable the driver to reach the ground quickly
and safety in an emergency.
-
7/27/2019 Cranes introduction ppt
12/55
7) Safe means of access should be provided to enable:
a) the Driver to reach his operating position;
b) the necessary inspections and maintenancework to be carried out safely.
-
7/27/2019 Cranes introduction ppt
13/55
8)Operat ing Posi t ionThe arrangement of the driverscab should ensure:
a) a clear view of the operating area and loads;
b) all controls are easily reached by the driver
without the need for excessive movements of arms
or legs;
c) all controls are clearly marked as to theirfunction and method of operation.
-
7/27/2019 Cranes introduction ppt
14/55
9)PassengersNo one, other than the driver, should be allowed on the
Crane when it is operating unless there is a specialreason for being there and it has been authorised.
Ridingthe hookis prohibited but should it be necessary
to carry persons, the properly designed and approved
chair or cradle should be used.
-
7/27/2019 Cranes introduction ppt
15/55
Harness to be
clipped to hook
of crane NOT tobasket.
Man Basket must be of an
approved type.
(Bureau veritas inspected)
-
7/27/2019 Cranes introduction ppt
16/55
10)Safe Working Load
All cranes should be marked with their Safe WorkingLoad which must never be exceeded except for test
purposes. If there is any doubt of the weight to be lifted,
advice should be sought.
-
7/27/2019 Cranes introduction ppt
17/55
Crane Operat ions
With many cranes including overhead electric travelling,mobile jib and Construction Tower Cranes, the safe
moving of loads relies on team effort involving the driver,
slinger and sometimes a separate Signaller (or
Banksman).
-
7/27/2019 Cranes introduction ppt
18/55
-
7/27/2019 Cranes introduction ppt
19/55
Only one person, the Signaller or if there is no Signaller
the Slinger, should give signals to the Driver and these
should be clearly understood by both. Slingers, Signallersand Driver should be properly trained, medically fit and
of a steady disposition.
Steady Disposition !
-
7/27/2019 Cranes introduction ppt
20/55
-
7/27/2019 Cranes introduction ppt
21/55
Safe operat ing techniques fo r CranesThere are certain basic techniques that must be practiced
to ensure the safest possible operation of the Crane.
These techniques include:
-
7/27/2019 Cranes introduction ppt
22/55
1) The driver carrying out a brief check of the
Crane at the beginning of his shift. The itemschecked may vary in different factories, but they
should be agreed locally.
-
7/27/2019 Cranes introduction ppt
23/55
2) Loads should NOT be left hanging on the hook at the
end of a shift.
3) Those working above floor level who are likely to be
struck by the crane or its load MUST BE WARNED.
-
7/27/2019 Cranes introduction ppt
24/55
4) The crane must not approach nearer than 7 meters to
anyone working on the trench.
7 meters
-
7/27/2019 Cranes introduction ppt
25/55
5) Loads should not be carried over people.Assaluyeh Site Regulations state.
Drop zone (length of JIB radius) PLUS (+) 10 metersMUST be barriered and vacated of ALL personnel.
Barrier =
r + 10m
-
7/27/2019 Cranes introduction ppt
26/55
6) Loads must be lifted vertically-the crane must not be
used to drag a load.
-
7/27/2019 Cranes introduction ppt
27/55
7) Power to the Crane should be switched off
when the Crane is left unattended.
-
7/27/2019 Cranes introduction ppt
28/55
Mobile jib Cranes present extra hazards in use.
Particular points requiring attention include:
8) The travelling height of the Crane with jib lowered and
raised should be marked on the Crane.
-
7/27/2019 Cranes introduction ppt
29/55
9) Overhead obstructions or hazards should be clearly
identified and marked with the maximum clearance
height.
10) Care should be taken to ensure that no one is trapped
by counter-balance weight, etc., as the crane slews.
-
7/27/2019 Cranes introduction ppt
30/55
11) The condition of the ground should be checked before
lifting with a mobile crane and it should not approach
close to excavations.
-
7/27/2019 Cranes introduction ppt
31/55
12) Tandem lifts should be avoided if possible. If they
must be undertaken, it must be by a fully trained gang
under the a Strict Control of a Competent Person.
-
7/27/2019 Cranes introduction ppt
32/55
-
7/27/2019 Cranes introduction ppt
33/55
-
7/27/2019 Cranes introduction ppt
34/55
Whilst work is in progress:
Check that there is an up-to- to-date Test Certificate.
-
7/27/2019 Cranes introduction ppt
35/55
Check that the daily/weekly
inspections are being carried out.
-
7/27/2019 Cranes introduction ppt
36/55
Ensure that the Crane is operating from
planned / approved position only.
-
7/27/2019 Cranes introduction ppt
37/55
Ensure that the Banksman is
working in the correct manner.
-
7/27/2019 Cranes introduction ppt
38/55
Ensure that the correct Lifting Gear is being used.
-
7/27/2019 Cranes introduction ppt
39/55
Ensure that outriggers are being used,
and are adequately supported.
-
7/27/2019 Cranes introduction ppt
40/55
Check that the safe load / radius indicator
is in working order.
-
7/27/2019 Cranes introduction ppt
41/55
Check that the Tyres / Tracks are at the correct
pressure and in good, clean condition.
-
7/27/2019 Cranes introduction ppt
42/55
Check that the Crane is kept at a safe,
predetermined distance from open excavations, etc.
-
7/27/2019 Cranes introduction ppt
43/55
Check that, when travelling, the load is carried as near to
the ground as possible and that hand lines are being used.
-
7/27/2019 Cranes introduction ppt
44/55
Check that when travelling on sloping ground the
driver changes the radius to accommodate the moving
of the load OR !
-
7/27/2019 Cranes introduction ppt
45/55
Shock loading a Boom can result in this !
Fall of three people 20 m.
20 Meter
-
7/27/2019 Cranes introduction ppt
46/55
Check that loads are not being slewed over
persons and that persons and that persons are
not standing or walking under the load.
NO!
-
7/27/2019 Cranes introduction ppt
47/55
Automatic safe load indicatorAll Cranes with a lifting capacity in excess of 1 ton
must be fitted with an approved type of automatic safe
load indicator.
-
7/27/2019 Cranes introduction ppt
48/55
It is the responsibility of the operator to:
(a) Determine the type of Indicator fitted;
(b) Determine how the adjustments are made;(c) Ensure that it is correctly adjusted for the various
lifting duties;
(d) Ensure that the electrical circuit is tested for
serviceability;
(e) Take immediate action when an overload is indicated.
-
7/27/2019 Cranes introduction ppt
49/55
The signals given by the indicator take the form of colouredl ight, a dial indicator or both and a bell .
Green/white --Indicator adjusted for freeduties
Blue -- Indicator adjusted for blockedduties
Amber -- Maximum safe load being approached
Red -- Overload condition reached.
-
7/27/2019 Cranes introduction ppt
50/55
The red light will be supported by a bell to
give an audible warning of overload.
-
7/27/2019 Cranes introduction ppt
51/55
Always use Tag Lines !
-
7/27/2019 Cranes introduction ppt
52/55
Certification
-
7/27/2019 Cranes introduction ppt
53/55
Certification
-
7/27/2019 Cranes introduction ppt
54/55
Certification
-
7/27/2019 Cranes introduction ppt
55/55