Electronics on Anything
Ioannis (John) Kymissis Department of Electrical Engineering
Columbia University [email protected]
http://kymissis.columbia.edu
Transistors
• Transistors are the core of electronic systems
• They are switches • Transistors let us do
math, but can also be used for power handling and other functions
Bohr, IEDM 2011
CPU/microcontrollers
RF amplifiers
Display
Resonators
Touchscreen
Battery
Silicon processing
Krishna Saraswat Stanford U
Moore’s law
As dimensions shrink: More parts Better performance
Silicon is amazing, but…
• Is there more to electronics than just really tiny, really fast chips?
What else is out there?
• Thin film electronics are different…
• We add semiconductors (as thin films) to other materials
• This gives us the power to put electronics on (nearly) anything
(top) CMOS Digital Integrated Circuit Design – Analysis and Design by S.M. Kang and Y. Leblebici
Thin film electronics as a toolbox
Most important market - $150B market
• AMLCD – liquid crystal displays start with a piece of glass and have millions of thin film transistors on them
META
L-1
METAL-2
Doped Si RGB Pixel 115x115um
ITO contact via
leftover ITO
Storage cap.
TFT
6th Gen iPod Nano, courtesy Alexander Gondarenko
Transistors + Piezoelectric film = Active matrix microphone
Collaboration with Lisa Olson (CUMC)
Touch: Piezo sensing using PVDF
l First disovered by Kawai in 1969
Active matrix process flow
• Low thermal budget respects Curie point
• Both local amplification and switching can be integrated
• Metal gate can be included or omitted
Changes to the process and structure…
Printing TIPS pentacene
Dual Vt flow
Boundary layer flow measurements
Acoustic interference measurements
Cochlear microphone version
Zhang, Kymissis, Olsen. ARO 2014
Transistors + Electrostrictive polymer = Polymer muscle
Electrostrictors for mechanical actuation
PVDF-TrFE-CTFE sheet achieves a strain of ~5%, but is driven at ~500V
Carta, ICFPE 2012
Let’s add some transistors!
Bimorph Actuator
– p -OFET
n-OFET
Vdd
GND
Actuating Electrodes
Carta, Organic Electronics (accepted, 2012)
Low-voltage electrostrictor control
• CMOS OFET level shifter allows control using CMOS-compatible control voltages
• Actuation applies 400V, control <<30V
• We have also designed several actuators for precision positioning using this technology
Organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs) + Organic photodetectors (OPDs)= Blood flow monitor
Collaboration with Hongtao Ma and Ted Schwartz (Cornell Med)
• The brain is very tightly vasoregulated
• In a seizure, there is a typical pattern of blood flow: deoxygenation, flow response, re-perfusion/re-oxygenation
• The optical resolution of this response is better than 100um
Ultra-thin substrate version
Recrystallized transistors + LEDs = Ultra-bright display
Vincent Lee (Lumiode) James Im (Columbia)
AMLED Projector project
• LEDs together with laser recrystallized silicon can create a projection display with performance far exceeding that of any other light engine
• Driving those LEDs needs a lot of current sourcing capability (~10A/cm2)
Thin film transistor + LED
LED TFTs
Conclusions
• Silicon electronics are great, but limited in what they can do
• Thin film electronics allow us to build electronics on anything thanks to their low thermal budgets and relaxed need for templating, etc.
• With this hybrid integration approach, we can mix and match the functionalities we need (especially array control, switching, sensing, and amplification) to build the systems of the future
The team
Ph.D. students:, Jon Beck, Hassan Eddress, Shyuan Yang, Fabio Carta, Amrita Masurkar, Kostas Alexandrou, Willis Kim, Jose Banhomide, Aida Colon Alumni: Zhang Jia (Apple), Eddy Hsu (Qualcomm), Vincent Lee (Lumiode), John Sarik (Xenix), Marshall Cox (Radiator Labs), Haig Norian (Kulite) Postdocs: Andy Zhang, Dr. Htay Hliang Collaborators: Ken Shepard (FBAR), Peter Kinget, Ted Schwartz (Cornell), Asit Ray (IBM), Chung Lam (IBM) Funding and industrial partners: NSF, CU NSEC, DOE EFRC, AFOSR, QDVision, SRC, MARCO, Google, US Army, Vodaphone Foundation, DARPA, ARPA-e, IBM, DTRA, QEL, and eMagin
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Thanks! [email protected]
