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Criminal Justice System
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Crime and Justice in America
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OVERVIEW OF CJ RESPONSE TO
CRIME
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50,000 Agencies Federal
State
Local
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Police
Courts
Corrections
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1-6: Time Expended by Criminal Justice Functions
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CJ Response begins when…..
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...crime is
reported to the police
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Crime
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Crime
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Investigation
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Investigation
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Investigation
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Arrest
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Arrest
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BOOKING
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Formal Charges
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Formal Charges
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Initial Appearance in Court
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Preliminary Hearing (felony)
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Preliminary Hearing (felony)
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Preliminary Hearing (felony)
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Grand Jury Indictment
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Formal Arraignment
Case # 98001
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Plea Bargaining
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Plea Bargaining
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Trial
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Trial
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Trial
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SENTENCING
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SENTENCING
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Possible Appeals
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5 Types of Punishment
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Fines
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ProbationProbation
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Intermediate Sanctions
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Imprisonment
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Death
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Loose confederation of
independent criminal justice
agencies
Criminal Justice Nonsystem
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Costs of Criminal Justice in the United States
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Criminal Justice expenditures represent only about...
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4 per cent of Federal, state and local budgets
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4 per cent of Federal, state and local budgets
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4 per cent of Federal, state and local budgets
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MENUCrime in the MediaInstitutions of Social ControlCJ Response to Crime
Pre-trial CJ Process
Myths about CJ
Simulations
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The seizing and detaining of a
person by lawful authority
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The taking of a person into custody for the purposes of answering a criminal charge
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A written order from a court directing …...
Arrest Warrant
Law enforcement
officers to arrest a person
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The process by which a suspect’s name, charge, fingerprints, photographs are entered into the police blotter
Booking
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Usually the violation of a law of a city or town
Ordinance Violation
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MisdemeanorA less serious crime generally punishable by a fine or by incarceration for not more than one year (jail)
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Felony
A serious crime punishable by death or by incarceration in for more than one year (prison)
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A person against whom a legal action is brought, a warrant is issued, or an indictment is found
Defendant
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Charging Documents
Complaint (Misd)
Information (Felony)
Grand Jury Indictment
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Charging Documents
Whether an Information or an Indictment is issued varies by state
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ComplaintA charging document specifying that an offense has been committed…
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Complaintby a person named or described
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A document that outlines
the formal charges against a suspect...
Information
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A document that outlines
the formal charges against a suspect...
Information
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Specifies the law that has been violated, and the evidence supporting the charges
Information
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A written accusation by a grand jury that one or more persons have committed a crime
Grand Jury Indictment
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A group of citizens who meet to investigate charges coming from preliminary hearings
Grand Jury
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Court Appearances
Initial appearance
Preliminary hearing
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A pretrial stage in which a defendant is brought before a lower court….
Initial Appearance
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To be given notice of the charge(s)
Initial Appearance
and is advised of his/her constitutional rights
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A pretrial stage to hear the
information or indictment and to allow a plea
Arraignment
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Usually, a monetary guarantee deposited with the court...
Bail
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to ensure the suspect / defendant will appear later in the CJ process
Bail
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to ensure the suspect / defendant will appear later in the CJ process
Bail
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Plea BargainingThe practice whereby a specific guilty sentence is to be imposed, if...
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the accused pleads guilty to an agreed-upon charge(s) rather than going to trial
Plea Bargaining
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1-3: Criminal Case Dispositions
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Jury Trial
Bench Trial
Types of Trials
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A trial before a judge without a jury
Bench Trial
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A trial before a judge with a jury
Jury Trial
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MENUCrime in the MediaInstitutions of Social ControlCJ Response to Crime
Pre-trial CJ Process
Myths about CJ
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Myths about Crime and
Criminal Justice
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• Myths are simplistic and distorted beliefs
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• Myths often are beliefs based on emotion rather than analysis
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• Myths are often based on dangerous falsificationsi.e “Broad Daylight”“Gun Free Zones”Police -“Stop Crime” “Prison Changes Behavior”
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Myths produce
Why Myths are a Problem
Ineffective crime fighting activity
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Myths produce
Why Myths are a Problem
Ineffective application of
resources
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