![Page 1: CRITICAL THINKING: CHAPTER 7 FALLACIES MORE · GENETIC FALLACY •The genetic fallacy occurs when we try to refute a claim on the basis of its origin or history. Rejecting a proposition](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051605/6013f317617b3b6bd4543fd0/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
CRITICAL THINKING: CHAPTER 7
MOREFALLACIES
![Page 2: CRITICAL THINKING: CHAPTER 7 FALLACIES MORE · GENETIC FALLACY •The genetic fallacy occurs when we try to refute a claim on the basis of its origin or history. Rejecting a proposition](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051605/6013f317617b3b6bd4543fd0/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
THE AD HOMINEM FALLACY
• The ad hominem fallacy rests on a confusionbetween the qualities of the person making aclaim and the qualities of the claim itself. It isa rhetorical device that attacks the arguerinstead of the argument.
Dr. Enya Ameza-Xemalordzo 2
![Page 3: CRITICAL THINKING: CHAPTER 7 FALLACIES MORE · GENETIC FALLACY •The genetic fallacy occurs when we try to refute a claim on the basis of its origin or history. Rejecting a proposition](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051605/6013f317617b3b6bd4543fd0/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
THE AD HOMINEM FALLACY
A proposal made by an oddball is an oddball’s proposal,but it does not follow that it is an oddball proposal.
Dr. Enya Ameza-Xemalordzo 3
![Page 4: CRITICAL THINKING: CHAPTER 7 FALLACIES MORE · GENETIC FALLACY •The genetic fallacy occurs when we try to refute a claim on the basis of its origin or history. Rejecting a proposition](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051605/6013f317617b3b6bd4543fd0/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
PERSONAL ATTACK ADHOMINEM• A pattern of fallacious reasoning in which we refuse to accept
another’s argument because there is something about theperson we don’t like or of which we disapprove.
Dr. Enya Ameza-Xemalordzo 4
![Page 5: CRITICAL THINKING: CHAPTER 7 FALLACIES MORE · GENETIC FALLACY •The genetic fallacy occurs when we try to refute a claim on the basis of its origin or history. Rejecting a proposition](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051605/6013f317617b3b6bd4543fd0/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
PERSONAL ATTACK ADHOMINEM• Example: Are you really going to believe her about librarians’
salaries not being excessive? I’ll have you know she herself is alibrarian, or don’t you think that matters?
Dr. Enya Ameza-Xemalordzo 5
![Page 6: CRITICAL THINKING: CHAPTER 7 FALLACIES MORE · GENETIC FALLACY •The genetic fallacy occurs when we try to refute a claim on the basis of its origin or history. Rejecting a proposition](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051605/6013f317617b3b6bd4543fd0/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
THE INCONSISTENCY ADHOMINEM• A pattern of fallacious reasoning of the sort, “I reject your
claim because you act inconsistently with it yourself,” or “Youcan’t make that claim now because you have in the pastrejected it.”
Dr. Enya Ameza-Xemalordzo 6
![Page 7: CRITICAL THINKING: CHAPTER 7 FALLACIES MORE · GENETIC FALLACY •The genetic fallacy occurs when we try to refute a claim on the basis of its origin or history. Rejecting a proposition](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051605/6013f317617b3b6bd4543fd0/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
THE INCONSISTENCY ADHOMINEM• The double standard argument is actually the inconsistency ad
hominem.
Dr. Enya Ameza-Xemalordzo 7
![Page 8: CRITICAL THINKING: CHAPTER 7 FALLACIES MORE · GENETIC FALLACY •The genetic fallacy occurs when we try to refute a claim on the basis of its origin or history. Rejecting a proposition](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051605/6013f317617b3b6bd4543fd0/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
THE INCONSISTENCY ADHOMINEM• Example: Did you ever notice how the people who favor
abortion on demand are the same people who are against thedeath penalty?
Dr. Enya Ameza-Xemalordzo 8
![Page 9: CRITICAL THINKING: CHAPTER 7 FALLACIES MORE · GENETIC FALLACY •The genetic fallacy occurs when we try to refute a claim on the basis of its origin or history. Rejecting a proposition](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051605/6013f317617b3b6bd4543fd0/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
THE INCONSISTENCY ADHOMINEM• Example: It really gripes me to see Bill Clinton talking about
how cigarette smoking is a big contributor to public healthcosts. How can we trust him? Even he himself admits tosmoking cigars!
Dr. Enya Ameza-Xemalordzo 9
![Page 10: CRITICAL THINKING: CHAPTER 7 FALLACIES MORE · GENETIC FALLACY •The genetic fallacy occurs when we try to refute a claim on the basis of its origin or history. Rejecting a proposition](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051605/6013f317617b3b6bd4543fd0/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
CIRCUMSTANTIAL ADHOMINEM• Attempting to discredit a person’s claim by referring to the
person’s circumstances.
Dr. Enya Ameza-Xemalordzo 10
![Page 11: CRITICAL THINKING: CHAPTER 7 FALLACIES MORE · GENETIC FALLACY •The genetic fallacy occurs when we try to refute a claim on the basis of its origin or history. Rejecting a proposition](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051605/6013f317617b3b6bd4543fd0/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
CIRCUMSTANTIAL ADHOMINEM• Example: Of course the Task Force on Crime is going to
conclude that crime is on the way up. If they conclude it’s onthe way down, they’d have to disband the task force, wouldn’tthey?
Dr. Enya Ameza-Xemalordzo 11
![Page 12: CRITICAL THINKING: CHAPTER 7 FALLACIES MORE · GENETIC FALLACY •The genetic fallacy occurs when we try to refute a claim on the basis of its origin or history. Rejecting a proposition](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051605/6013f317617b3b6bd4543fd0/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
CIRCUMSTANTIAL ADHOMINEM• Example: Of course that can’t be a legitimate proposal. They’re
just trying to get the city council to pass a regulation that willstir up some business for them.
Dr. Enya Ameza-Xemalordzo 12
![Page 13: CRITICAL THINKING: CHAPTER 7 FALLACIES MORE · GENETIC FALLACY •The genetic fallacy occurs when we try to refute a claim on the basis of its origin or history. Rejecting a proposition](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051605/6013f317617b3b6bd4543fd0/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
POISONING THE WELL
• Poisoning the well can be thought of as an ad hominem inadvance.
Dr. Enya Ameza-Xemalordzo 13
![Page 14: CRITICAL THINKING: CHAPTER 7 FALLACIES MORE · GENETIC FALLACY •The genetic fallacy occurs when we try to refute a claim on the basis of its origin or history. Rejecting a proposition](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051605/6013f317617b3b6bd4543fd0/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
POISONING THE WELL
• Example: I wouldn’t take a course from anyone in the Poly Scidepartment, if I were you. They are all anti-U.S., ultraliberaltypes, at least that’s what I hear.
Dr. Enya Ameza-Xemalordzo 14
![Page 15: CRITICAL THINKING: CHAPTER 7 FALLACIES MORE · GENETIC FALLACY •The genetic fallacy occurs when we try to refute a claim on the basis of its origin or history. Rejecting a proposition](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051605/6013f317617b3b6bd4543fd0/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
POISONING THE WELL
• Example:The next speaker is going to speak in favor of theidea. But she works for the gun lobby Don’t even botherlistening to what she says.
Dr. Enya Ameza-Xemalordzo 15
![Page 16: CRITICAL THINKING: CHAPTER 7 FALLACIES MORE · GENETIC FALLACY •The genetic fallacy occurs when we try to refute a claim on the basis of its origin or history. Rejecting a proposition](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051605/6013f317617b3b6bd4543fd0/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
GENETIC FALLACY
• The genetic fallacy occurs when we try to refute a claim onthe basis of its origin or history. Rejecting a propositionbecause it is supported by a group you don’t like is a geneticfallacy.
Dr. Enya Ameza-Xemalordzo 16
![Page 17: CRITICAL THINKING: CHAPTER 7 FALLACIES MORE · GENETIC FALLACY •The genetic fallacy occurs when we try to refute a claim on the basis of its origin or history. Rejecting a proposition](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051605/6013f317617b3b6bd4543fd0/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
GENETIC FALLACY
• Example: You can’t trust the arguments you find in thatmagazine. It’s well known as a right-wing apologist for thewealthy.
Dr. Enya Ameza-Xemalordzo 17
![Page 18: CRITICAL THINKING: CHAPTER 7 FALLACIES MORE · GENETIC FALLACY •The genetic fallacy occurs when we try to refute a claim on the basis of its origin or history. Rejecting a proposition](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051605/6013f317617b3b6bd4543fd0/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
GENETIC FALLACY
• Example: I don’t think postmodern expressionism is decent art.It’s another style spawned by the East Coast art establishment,and, frankly, I’m tired of that group’s dictating to the rest ofthe art world.
Dr. Enya Ameza-Xemalordzo 18
![Page 19: CRITICAL THINKING: CHAPTER 7 FALLACIES MORE · GENETIC FALLACY •The genetic fallacy occurs when we try to refute a claim on the basis of its origin or history. Rejecting a proposition](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051605/6013f317617b3b6bd4543fd0/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
POSITIVE AD HOMINEMFALLACIES• If we automatically transfer the positive or favorable
attributes of a person to what he or she says, that is amistake in reasoning, as well.
Dr. Enya Ameza-Xemalordzo 19
![Page 20: CRITICAL THINKING: CHAPTER 7 FALLACIES MORE · GENETIC FALLACY •The genetic fallacy occurs when we try to refute a claim on the basis of its origin or history. Rejecting a proposition](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051605/6013f317617b3b6bd4543fd0/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
POSITIVE AD HOMINEMFALLACIES• Example: The fact that in your view the NRA represents all that
is good and proper does not enable you to infer that anyspecific proposal from the NRA is good and proper.
Dr. Enya Ameza-Xemalordzo 20
![Page 21: CRITICAL THINKING: CHAPTER 7 FALLACIES MORE · GENETIC FALLACY •The genetic fallacy occurs when we try to refute a claim on the basis of its origin or history. Rejecting a proposition](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051605/6013f317617b3b6bd4543fd0/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
POSITIVE AD HOMINEMFALLACIES• Example: The fact that you think your mom is clever does not
logically entitle you to conclude that any specific opinion ofyour mom’s is clever.
Dr. Enya Ameza-Xemalordzo 21
![Page 22: CRITICAL THINKING: CHAPTER 7 FALLACIES MORE · GENETIC FALLACY •The genetic fallacy occurs when we try to refute a claim on the basis of its origin or history. Rejecting a proposition](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051605/6013f317617b3b6bd4543fd0/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
THE STRAW MAN FALLACY
• The straw man fallacy happens when you refute a position orclaim by distorting or oversimplifying or misrepresenting it, allthe while ignoring the person’s actual position.
Dr. Enya Ameza-Xemalordzo 22
![Page 23: CRITICAL THINKING: CHAPTER 7 FALLACIES MORE · GENETIC FALLACY •The genetic fallacy occurs when we try to refute a claim on the basis of its origin or history. Rejecting a proposition](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051605/6013f317617b3b6bd4543fd0/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
THE STRAW MAN FALLACY
• Example: Gays in the military? Yes. Maybe you favor excludingeveryone except for white Anglo-Saxon males with adolescentpersonalities, but not me.
Dr. Enya Ameza-Xemalordzo 23
![Page 24: CRITICAL THINKING: CHAPTER 7 FALLACIES MORE · GENETIC FALLACY •The genetic fallacy occurs when we try to refute a claim on the basis of its origin or history. Rejecting a proposition](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051605/6013f317617b3b6bd4543fd0/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
THE STRAW MAN FALLACY
• Example: Do I want the police department to take charge ofwriting parking tickets? You mean, do I want to get shot if Ipull up next to a fire hydrant? What do you think?
Dr. Enya Ameza-Xemalordzo 24
![Page 25: CRITICAL THINKING: CHAPTER 7 FALLACIES MORE · GENETIC FALLACY •The genetic fallacy occurs when we try to refute a claim on the basis of its origin or history. Rejecting a proposition](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051605/6013f317617b3b6bd4543fd0/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
THE FALSE DILEMMA FALLACY
• The false dilemma fallacy occurs when you limit considerationsto only two alternatives although other alternatives may beavailable. A straw man is often used as part of a falsedilemma.
Dr. Enya Ameza-Xemalordzo 25
![Page 26: CRITICAL THINKING: CHAPTER 7 FALLACIES MORE · GENETIC FALLACY •The genetic fallacy occurs when we try to refute a claim on the basis of its origin or history. Rejecting a proposition](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051605/6013f317617b3b6bd4543fd0/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
THE FALSE DILEMMA FALLACY
• Example: Overheard: “I don’t know why Barbara won’t go outwith me. She must think I’m too intense for her.”
Dr. Enya Ameza-Xemalordzo 26
![Page 27: CRITICAL THINKING: CHAPTER 7 FALLACIES MORE · GENETIC FALLACY •The genetic fallacy occurs when we try to refute a claim on the basis of its origin or history. Rejecting a proposition](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051605/6013f317617b3b6bd4543fd0/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
THE FALSE DILEMMA FALLACY
• Example: Gays in the military? Either let them in, or keep out allminorities; take your choice. I’m for letting them in. thealternative is ridiculous.
Dr. Enya Ameza-Xemalordzo 27
![Page 28: CRITICAL THINKING: CHAPTER 7 FALLACIES MORE · GENETIC FALLACY •The genetic fallacy occurs when we try to refute a claim on the basis of its origin or history. Rejecting a proposition](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051605/6013f317617b3b6bd4543fd0/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
THE PERFECTIONIST FALLACY
• The perfectionist fallacy is a subspecies of false dilemma anda common rhetorical ploy. This principle downgrades policy Xsimply because it isn’t perfect.
Dr. Enya Ameza-Xemalordzo 28
![Page 29: CRITICAL THINKING: CHAPTER 7 FALLACIES MORE · GENETIC FALLACY •The genetic fallacy occurs when we try to refute a claim on the basis of its origin or history. Rejecting a proposition](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051605/6013f317617b3b6bd4543fd0/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
THE PERFECTIONIST FALLACY
• Example: No, I don’t believe we ought to reinstate the deathpenalty in this state. Doing it isn’t going to prevent all crime,and you know it.
Dr. Enya Ameza-Xemalordzo 29
![Page 30: CRITICAL THINKING: CHAPTER 7 FALLACIES MORE · GENETIC FALLACY •The genetic fallacy occurs when we try to refute a claim on the basis of its origin or history. Rejecting a proposition](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051605/6013f317617b3b6bd4543fd0/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
THE PERFECTIONIST FALLACY
• Example:Don’t stay in the army. You were ROTC instead ofgoing to one of the academies, and that means they mightpromote you for a while, but you’ll never get above lieutenantcolonel.
Dr. Enya Ameza-Xemalordzo 30
![Page 31: CRITICAL THINKING: CHAPTER 7 FALLACIES MORE · GENETIC FALLACY •The genetic fallacy occurs when we try to refute a claim on the basis of its origin or history. Rejecting a proposition](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051605/6013f317617b3b6bd4543fd0/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
THE LINE-DRAWING FALLACY
• Another version of the false dilemma is called the line-drawingfallacy, the fallacy of insisting that a line must be drawn atsome point when in fact it is not necessary that such a line bedrawn.
Dr. Enya Ameza-Xemalordzo 31
![Page 32: CRITICAL THINKING: CHAPTER 7 FALLACIES MORE · GENETIC FALLACY •The genetic fallacy occurs when we try to refute a claim on the basis of its origin or history. Rejecting a proposition](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051605/6013f317617b3b6bd4543fd0/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
THE LINE-DRAWING FALLACY
• Example: All this talk about secondhand smoke causing cancer,I just don’t get it. How does it happen? WHEN does it happen?The first time you take a breath in a smoky room? The secondtime? You can never pin it down exactly.
Dr. Enya Ameza-Xemalordzo 32
![Page 33: CRITICAL THINKING: CHAPTER 7 FALLACIES MORE · GENETIC FALLACY •The genetic fallacy occurs when we try to refute a claim on the basis of its origin or history. Rejecting a proposition](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051605/6013f317617b3b6bd4543fd0/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
THE LINE-DRAWING FALLACY
• Example:What do you mean, I broke my curfew? All I did waswalk to the curb. You wouldn’t cite me if I stood on the porch,would you? And if I’d just stepped off the porch, that wouldn’tbe any different. So what’s so magical about the curb?
Dr. Enya Ameza-Xemalordzo 33
![Page 34: CRITICAL THINKING: CHAPTER 7 FALLACIES MORE · GENETIC FALLACY •The genetic fallacy occurs when we try to refute a claim on the basis of its origin or history. Rejecting a proposition](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051605/6013f317617b3b6bd4543fd0/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
SLIPPERY SLOPE
• A form of fallacious reasoning in which it is assumed thatsome event must inevitably follow from some other, but inwhich no argument is made for the inevitability.
Dr. Enya Ameza-Xemalordzo 34
![Page 35: CRITICAL THINKING: CHAPTER 7 FALLACIES MORE · GENETIC FALLACY •The genetic fallacy occurs when we try to refute a claim on the basis of its origin or history. Rejecting a proposition](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051605/6013f317617b3b6bd4543fd0/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
SLIPPERY SLOPE
• Example: No, I don’t believe in “three strikes and you’re out”for convicted felons. Next thing it will be two strikes, then onestrike. Then we will be sticking people in jail for life formisdemeanors. It’s not good policy.
Dr. Enya Ameza-Xemalordzo 35
![Page 36: CRITICAL THINKING: CHAPTER 7 FALLACIES MORE · GENETIC FALLACY •The genetic fallacy occurs when we try to refute a claim on the basis of its origin or history. Rejecting a proposition](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051605/6013f317617b3b6bd4543fd0/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
SLIPPERY SLOPE
• Example:Gays in the military? If we allow that, then next timewe’ll be letting women into the men’s barracks. And the nextthing you know, women, men, gays, everyone--they’ll all beshowering together and sleeping in the same bunks. Get real.
Dr. Enya Ameza-Xemalordzo 36
![Page 37: CRITICAL THINKING: CHAPTER 7 FALLACIES MORE · GENETIC FALLACY •The genetic fallacy occurs when we try to refute a claim on the basis of its origin or history. Rejecting a proposition](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051605/6013f317617b3b6bd4543fd0/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
MISPLACING THE BURDEN OFPROOF• Misplacing the burden of proof occurs when the burden of
proof is placed on the wrong side of an issue.
Dr. Enya Ameza-Xemalordzo 37
![Page 38: CRITICAL THINKING: CHAPTER 7 FALLACIES MORE · GENETIC FALLACY •The genetic fallacy occurs when we try to refute a claim on the basis of its origin or history. Rejecting a proposition](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051605/6013f317617b3b6bd4543fd0/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
MISPLACING THE BURDEN OFPROOF• 1. The less initial plausibility a claim has, the greater the
burden of proof we place on someone who asserts that claim.
Dr. Enya Ameza-Xemalordzo 38
![Page 39: CRITICAL THINKING: CHAPTER 7 FALLACIES MORE · GENETIC FALLACY •The genetic fallacy occurs when we try to refute a claim on the basis of its origin or history. Rejecting a proposition](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051605/6013f317617b3b6bd4543fd0/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
MISPLACING THE BURDEN OFPROOF• 2. Other things being equal, the burden of proof falls
automatically on those supporting the affirmative side of anissue rather than on those supporting the negative side.
Dr. Enya Ameza-Xemalordzo 39
![Page 40: CRITICAL THINKING: CHAPTER 7 FALLACIES MORE · GENETIC FALLACY •The genetic fallacy occurs when we try to refute a claim on the basis of its origin or history. Rejecting a proposition](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051605/6013f317617b3b6bd4543fd0/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
MISPLACING THE BURDEN OFPROOF• When someone claims that we should believe in such-and-such
because nobody has proved it isn’t so, we have a subtypeknown as appeal to ignorance.
Dr. Enya Ameza-Xemalordzo 40
![Page 41: CRITICAL THINKING: CHAPTER 7 FALLACIES MORE · GENETIC FALLACY •The genetic fallacy occurs when we try to refute a claim on the basis of its origin or history. Rejecting a proposition](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051605/6013f317617b3b6bd4543fd0/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
MISPLACING THE BURDEN OFPROOF• 3. Special circumstances like courtor contracts will specify where theburden of proof lies so there areno doubts or confusion about whoneeds to prove what.
Dr. Enya Ameza-Xemalordzo 41
![Page 42: CRITICAL THINKING: CHAPTER 7 FALLACIES MORE · GENETIC FALLACY •The genetic fallacy occurs when we try to refute a claim on the basis of its origin or history. Rejecting a proposition](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051605/6013f317617b3b6bd4543fd0/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
MISPLACING THE BURDEN OFPROOF• Example: I beg to differ, Officer, but
sometimes you people go overboard talkingabout the dangers of fast driving. If you canprove that there’s actually a child near thestreet right now, and that the child wouldhave stepped out in front of my car, then I’llgrant you that going fifty-five wasdangerous.
Dr. Enya Ameza-Xemalordzo 42
![Page 43: CRITICAL THINKING: CHAPTER 7 FALLACIES MORE · GENETIC FALLACY •The genetic fallacy occurs when we try to refute a claim on the basis of its origin or history. Rejecting a proposition](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051605/6013f317617b3b6bd4543fd0/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
MISPLACING THE BURDEN OFPROOF• Example: Preferential treatment in hiring is something we must
support; after all, can you think of a reason why we shouldn’t?
Dr. Enya Ameza-Xemalordzo 43
![Page 44: CRITICAL THINKING: CHAPTER 7 FALLACIES MORE · GENETIC FALLACY •The genetic fallacy occurs when we try to refute a claim on the basis of its origin or history. Rejecting a proposition](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051605/6013f317617b3b6bd4543fd0/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
BEGGING THE QUESTION
• We are guilty of begging the question when we ask ouraudience to accept premises that are as controversial as theconclusion we’re arguing for and are controversial on the samegrounds.
Dr. Enya Ameza-Xemalordzo 44
![Page 45: CRITICAL THINKING: CHAPTER 7 FALLACIES MORE · GENETIC FALLACY •The genetic fallacy occurs when we try to refute a claim on the basis of its origin or history. Rejecting a proposition](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051605/6013f317617b3b6bd4543fd0/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
BEGGING THE QUESTION
• Example: The ACLU? Yeah, I know about them, and I don’t likethem very much. They’re the ones who furnish free lawyers forcriminals.
Dr. Enya Ameza-Xemalordzo 45
![Page 46: CRITICAL THINKING: CHAPTER 7 FALLACIES MORE · GENETIC FALLACY •The genetic fallacy occurs when we try to refute a claim on the basis of its origin or history. Rejecting a proposition](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051605/6013f317617b3b6bd4543fd0/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
BEGGING THE QUESTION
• Example: No, I don NOT believe that a murderer ought to beallowed to live. No way! Murderers have forfeited the right tolive because anyone who murders another person has lost thatright.
Dr. Enya Ameza-Xemalordzo 46