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CROSS-SCALE and SCOPE:The future in Space Plasma
PhysicsMatt Taylor
on behalf of Steve Schwartz, Masaki Fujimoto
and the Cross-Scale and SCOPE Teams
The Influence of Solar Variability on Geophysical and Heliospheric Phenomena 2009 ILWS Workshop, Itamambuca Eco Resort, Ubatuba beach, Brazil
http://sci.esa.int/crossscalehttp://www.cross-scale.org
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AOGS 2009 ST06-A006
• Motivation• Science Questions• Science Overview
Shocks ReconnectionTurbulenceCoupling
• Cross-Scale• SCOPE• Next Steps
Outline
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Plasma Universe
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AOGS 2009 ST06-A006
Motivation
3 universal phenomena control plasmas
-Shocks-Reconnection-Turbulence
Responsible for-Particle Acceleration-Energy and momentum exchange-Transport
in astrophysical and laboratory plasmas
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AOGS 2009 ST06-A006
Top-level Science Questions‣How do shocks accelerate and heat particles?
- Acceleration mechanisms?- Energy Partition?- Variability?
‣How does reconnection convert magnetic energy?
- Initiation? - Magnetic topology?- Particle acceleration?
‣How does turbulence control transport in plasmas?
- Energy cascade?- Anisotropies?- Coherent structures?
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AOGS 2009 ST06-A006
‣How do shocks accelerate and heat particles?
- Acceleration mechanisms?- Energy Partition?- Variability?
‣How does reconnection convert magnetic energy?
- Initiation? - Magnetic topology?- Particle acceleration?
‣How does turbulence control transport in plasmas?
- Energy cascade?- Anisotropies?- Coherent structures?
Top-level Science Questions
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‣How do shocks accelerate and heat particles?
- Acceleration mechanisms?- Energy Partition?- Variability?
‣How does reconnection convert magnetic energy?
- Initiation? - Magnetic topology?- Particle acceleration?
‣How does turbulence control transport in plasmas?
- Energy cascade?- Anisotropies?- Coherent structures?
Top-level Science Questions
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AOGS 2009 ST06-A006
Cross-Scale Coupling at Shocks
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Cross-Scale Coupling at Shocks
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Cross-Scale Coupling at Shocks
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Cross-Scale Coupling and Reconnection
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Cross-Scale Coupling and Reconnection
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Cross-Scale Coupling and Reconnection
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Cross-Scale Coupling and Turbulence
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Cross-Scale Coupling and Turbulence
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Cross-Scale Coupling and Turbulence
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Observational Challenges
‣Time-varying‣Fundamentally 3D‣3 spatial & temporal scales
- electron- ion- fluid
‣Nonlinearly coupled‣Collisionless ⇒ Kinetic‣Plasma ⇔EM fields‣Can’t sample distant astro-plasmas
‣Near Earth space provides an excellent laboratory
A collisionless Shock
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Length and Time Scale in Geospace
Example of the various scale lengths and time scales present in the near-Earth environment.
The smallest lengths and shortest timescales correspond to electron dynamics, followed by ion scales to eventually the fluid scales that set the context and driving conditions for the phenomena of interest.
The coupling between the various scales requires measurements at least two scales simultaneously.
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State of the ArtCluster
‣First 3D plasma measurements
‣One scale at a time
‣Results highlighted need for multi-scale
‣Success of mission extension also confirming need for multiple scales in 3D
MMS
‣Access to electron scales in 3D‣Only one scale at a time
THEMIS
‣Global Sun-Earth Magnetosphere
‣Not universal cross-scale physics
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State of the ArtCluster
‣First 3D plasma measurements
‣One scale at a time
‣Results highlighted need for multi-scale
‣Success of mission extension also confirming need for multiple scales in 3D
MMS
‣Access to electron scales in 3D‣Only one scale at a time
THEMIS
‣Global Sun-Earth Magnetosphere
‣Not universal cross-scale physics
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Cluster
‣First 3D plasma measurements
‣One scale at a time
‣Results highlighted need for multi-scale
‣Success of mission extension also confirming need for multiple scales in 3D
MMS
‣Access to electron scales in 3D‣Only one scale at a time
THEMIS
‣Global Sun-Earth Magnetosphere
‣Not universal cross-scale physics
State of the Art
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RequirementsKey Concepts
• <Behaviour> ≠ Behaviour of <>
• Simultaneous multi-scale
• Fields & particles
• Near-Earth: unique in-situ plasma laboratoryMission Design• Electron Scale: Comprehensive payload• Ion Scale: Targeted payload• Fluid Scale Context payload• Focus: coupling between scales
The Cross-Scale mission is dedicated to the study of the cross-scale coupling of Reconnection, Shocks and Turbulence
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Requirements
10 km; 10 ms500 km; 1-5 s5000 km; 30 s
Key Concepts
• <Behaviour> ≠ Behaviour of <>
• Simultaneous multi-scale
• Fields & particles
• Near-Earth: unique in-situ plasma laboratoryFull Cross-Scale Mission Concept• Electron Scale: Comprehensive payload• Ion Scale: Targeted payload• Fluid Scale Context payload• Focus: coupling between scales
The Cross-Scale mission is dedicated to the study of the cross-scale coupling of Reconnection, Shocks and Turbulence
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Requirements
10 km; 10 ms500 km; 1-5 s5000 km; 30 s
Key Concepts
• <Behaviour> ≠ Behaviour of <>
• Simultaneous multi-scale
• Fields & particles
• Near-Earth: unique in-situ plasma laboratoryFull Cross-Scale Mission Concept• Electron Scale: Comprehensive payload• Ion Scale: Targeted payload• Fluid Scale Context payload• Focus: coupling between scales
The Cross-Scale mission is dedicated to the study of the cross-scale coupling of Reconnection, Shocks and Turbulence
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Requirements
10 km; 10 ms500 km; 1-5 s5000 km; 30 s
Key Concepts
• <Behaviour> ≠ Behaviour of <>
• Simultaneous multi-scale
• Fields & particles
• Near-Earth: unique in-situ plasma laboratoryFull Cross-Scale Mission Concept• Electron Scale: Comprehensive payload• Ion Scale: Targeted payload• Fluid Scale Context payload• Focus: coupling between scales
The Cross-Scale mission is dedicated to the study of the cross-scale coupling of Reconnection, Shocks and Turbulence
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Missions
Focus: coupling between scales
ESA - Cross-Scale JAXA/CSA - SCOPE
10 km; 10 ms500 km; 1-5 s5000 km; 30 s
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Cross-Scale Mission Study•The Cross-Scale mission has been the subject of an assessment study as part of ESA’s Cosmic Vision Plan for the ESA Science Programme•Cross-Scale is an M-Class mission candidate, due for launch in 2017. •The assessment study consisted of two parallel, recently concluded, industrial studies from 2007-2009.•Science input was via a Science Study Team, comprising of a group of international scientists (Europe, Japan, US, Canada) led by Professor Steven J. Schwartz•In parallel to the industrial activities, a number of instrument teams or consortia have been working on the scientific payload elements of the mission
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Cross-Scale Mission Study Baseline
• Roughly equatorial (14∘) 10 x 25 RE orbit will enable numerous opportunity to investigate:
• Shocks• Reconnection• Turbulence
• 7 ESA spacecraft, launched on Soyuz-Fregat• Spacecraft will form 2 nested tetrahedra with shared corner to sample 2 scale simultaneously:
• First year of mission•Ion-Electron scales• Second year of mission•Ion-Fluid scales
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Cross-Scale Mission Study Baseline
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Cross-Scale Mission Study
Two different designs
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Cross-Scale Mission Study
Option 1: the spacecraft are built around a 1666 mm cylinder. Spacecraft diameter is ~2.5 m, height 50 cm
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Cross-Scale Mission Study
Option 2: the spacecraft are octagonal prism structures,1.59 m in diameter and 0.98 in height
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Electron-scale physics
with the M-ND pair
Larger scale context
Daughter(far) : 5km 〜5000km
Daughter (far)
Daughter (far)
Daughter (far)
SCOPE
Ultra high-speed
electron measurement
s
Daughter(near) : 5km 〜 100km
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Current Status
Passed Mission Design Review in January 2009
System Requirements Review at the end of Phase A will be joint with CSA (in less than 2 years time).
LoI between CSA and JAXA for the joint Phase A and SRR being drafted.
SCOPE
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JAXA: Mother, NearDaughter + DispenserCSA: Far Daughter x 3
Dual launch partner?Over 1 tonne spare capacity2~3 s/c of 150kg classOther international partners?US, Russia, China,Taiwan
Launch configuration requires only half of by H-2A capacity
Mother Satelliteφ3.0m×h1.2m , 6
00kg
SCOPE
Dispenser Module
Daughter Satellite
×4φ1.5m×h0.6m , 150kg
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AOGS 2009 ST06-A006
Cross-Scale – SCOPE
Next Steps-
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AOGS 2009 ST06-A006
Location Cross-Scale + SCOPE
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AOGS 2009 ST06-A006
Cross-Scale – SCOPE
Thank you for your attention