Organizational
• Good news: forums not entirely dead– Not exactly buzzing either– Reminder: Please use a recognizable handle or sign
your posts so we know who you are
• Peer Evaluation– Template is now online
• Assignment for next meeting– Review presentations and reading materials so far– Discuss concepts and issues that we have identified
Review of previous meeting
• Licklider’s Human-computer symbiosis paper• Student presentations
– Gender HCI– Everyday Activity-based web design– Cyborg– E-spionage
• Discussion– Broadly, user-aware design– What about differences in designer
• E.g., gender differences
– Symbiosis or tight coupling– Value-based user requirements
• Legitimate vs illegitimate
Today’s Student presentations
• Safety-critical applications by Ziba Rostamian
• Web Usability by Raghavender Budamala
• Nanotechnology by Aditya Jamwal
• CAPTCHA & The ESP Game by Jayesh Shah
Discussion• Licklider’s vision
– Man-computer symbiosis• Formulating vs. solving• Speed of interaction (real-time)
– Computer as communication device• Communication: a comparison of models
– Models ontologies, web 3.0, …• Licklider’s context: technical project meeting
– Engelbart’s demo– Today’s contexts?
• Creative informational activity vs. informational housekeeing• Affordability, accessibility, usability• Distributed intellectual resources
– Critical mass in intellectual endeavors
– On-line interactive communities
• Issues considered by Licklider– Computer and humans have different skills– Prerequisites
• Speed mismatch, memory / hardware, memory organization, language, I/O– High-level design of the DARPA internet as a communication medium
• Other authors– Bush, Kay, Berners-Lee, Engelbart, …
• Current technologies and directions
Man-computer symbiosis Review
• Formulative thinking:– Humans: do the activity– Computers: facilitate
• Real-time, high-speed– Neo-whorfian
• 85% thinking time is housekeeping
• Flexible handling of complex situations– Humans and Computers– Computers: routinizable work
Man-computer symbiosis
• What is symbiosis?– Tight coupling– Mechanically extended man– Humanly extended machines– Chemical / electronic binding
Human-computer symbiosis
• Issues– Speed mismatch– System requirements (hardware, memory, …)– Organizational mismatch: Memory
organization (Information structuring and retrieval)
– Language mismatch• What versus how
– I/O mismatch• Voice, mobile, touch, …
Computer as communication device
• “In a few years, men will be able to communicate more effectively through a machine than face to face”
• What is communication?– Two tape recorders exchanging data– Two humans having a meeting– Collaborative Modeling
Licklider Contd--Economics
• Models are complex
• Simplification is risky and dangerous– Oversimplification– Premature simplification
• Communicating models is expensive– Cost of not doing it?
Licklider Contd
• Computer as switch vs. interactor
• Distributed intellectual resources– ‘critical creative mass’
• Vision of internet– Store-and-forward technology
• Economics: billing models