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Lighting:Controlling Shadows,
Shape, Mood and Tone
CS 5964
p.s. Machinima doesn’t have to use these!
Thursday, February 12, 2009
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“GTA Coca-cola ad”
Color shift?
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PHILOSOPHY• Light affects everything
• Changes mood
• Seasonal effective disorder
• Film noir vs. Wizard of Oz
• Fluorescent lights in Joe vs. Volcano
• Mix of art and science
• Use technique and aesthetics to support the theme
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2 PHILOSOPHIES
• Aims for realism
• Where is the existing light? Attribution? Motivation?
1.) IMITATE LIFE
2.) INTENSIFY EXPERIENCE• More expressionistic
• What’s the emotional tone? Temperature? Mood?
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MOTIVATION• Motivation is often
what separates student films from professional films--how did that light get there?
• Practicals--light provided within the frame, such as a lamp
• The sun and its light derivatives are major motivators
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CHARACTERISTICS
• Measures the brightness of the shot
• Saturation measures brightness of a color
1.) INTENSITY
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CHARACTERISTICS
• Is the lighting harsh, or soft
• Further from source, harsher the shadows (counterintuitive)
• Hard vs. soft, full sun vs. cloudy, direct vs. diffusion
• Size--smaller is harder (think sun), larger is softer (think clouds)
2.) QUALITY
Softer light
Harder light
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CHARACTERISTICS
• Gauges the levels of brightness within the frame between the highlights and shadows
3.) CONTRAST
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CHARACTERISTICS
• Where is the light coming from? What angle?
• Motivation--realistic or expressionistic
• Reflective
• Bouncing/dampening
• Shaping
4.) DIRECTION
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CHARACTERISTICS
• Temperature--Is it a warmer or cooler color? (usually from more orange to more blue)
• Neon lights, stained glass, gels
• Psychology of color
• Emotion of red, white, and blue
• Cultural--”Lady in Red”
5.) COLOR
Cooler tones
Warmer tonesThursday, February 12, 2009
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3 (or 4) Point Lighting• 1.) Key--primary
light source
• 2.) Fill--fills in the shadows
• 3.) Back--separates from background; 3D quality
• 4.) Background
• Real world more complex
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3 (or 4) Point Lighting
Key light onlyFill light only
Back light only
Complete 3-point light setup
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HIGH vs. LOW KEY• High Key--No or few
shadows; flat light; evenly lit can cause eye to wonder
• Ex. TV shows--Jay Leno, Stephen Colbert-- soaps; full shade and overcast
• Low Key--More shadows; more moody; light leads the eye
• Ex. Film noir, Chiaroscuro, full sun
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STYLES
Black & White Realism
Real-Expressionistic Expressionistic
Experimental
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“Slightly Later Man”
“Male Restroom Etiquette”
“Legend of a Cowgirl, 2:00 mins. in”
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STYLES
Chiaroscuro“Jill’s Song”
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STYLES
Dramatic“Maintenance Man”
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STYLES
Realism Saturated“Ignis Solus”
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STYLES
Realism Desaturated“Melon 3” & Coke ad
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STYLES
Sepia Toned“Flying Fenix”
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Lighting Effects
Color key Silhouette
Fog and natural elements Spectral flare
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“The Right - in production”
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CLOSING WORDS
• Light as simply as possible
• Make pictures one picture at a time
• Managing light is also managing shadows (don’t just eliminate them)
• Let necessity drive your decisions
• If all else fails... turn all the lights off and turn them back on one-by-one
• Draw a lighting diagram
Thursday, February 12, 2009