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CT Frac Sleeves:
What’s Next?Michael Werries
ICOTA Roundtable 2014
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What is a CT Frac Sleeve?
• Installed with completion casing string
• Full-bore, over the drift ID of the casing string
• Typically cemented in place
• BHA ran on CT to locate, shift, and frac
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How does a CT Frac Sleeve Work?
• BHA is ran to depth on CT
• Sleeve is located
• Resettable frac plug is set
• Sleeve is shifted down to open
• Frac is pumped
• Zone is equalized
• BHA is moved to next frac sleeve
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Why Use CT Frac Sleeves?
• Unlimited number of stages
• Precise frac location– doing what is best for the formation
• Optimized stage spacing
• Contingencies available• Cemented well completion
• Screen-out management => system allows more aggressive fracs
• Fully open bore without mill runs
• Save operators $• Reduced fluid volumes
• Reduced horsepower requirements
• Reduced operation time between fracs
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Stuck Open
• But…what do CT sleeves, ball drop, P&P have in common?
• No control over zonal isolation• Proppant flow-back
• Pressure management
• Water management
• First time your valve opens…
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What’s Next: Closeable Sleeves
• Fixing the handle: closeable sleeves
• Sleeve shifted and frac’d as normal
• BHA shifts the sleeve open and closed
• Force-limited locking profile prevents accidental shifting
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Closeable Sleeves: Technical Advantages
• Proppant flowback• Reduce or eliminate wellbore cleanouts
• Increase frac effectiveness
• Keep near-wellbore proppant in the reservoir
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Closeable Sleeves: Technical Advantages
• Pressure management• Circulation advantages
• Lower equalizing pressures
• Isolate sub-hydrostatic zones
• Annular refrac capability
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Closeable Sleeves: Technical Advantages
• Water management• Production
• Injection points
• Creative solutions• Well testing – incremental production monitoring
• Gas lift – frac sleeve in tie-back string
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Closeable Sleeves – Design Challenges
• Locking profile – space limited
• Spring loaded – force limits• Too high => shifting troubles
• Too low => accidental shifts
• Tightly controlled• Highly dependent on friction
• ~95% of shifts at nominal +/- 20%
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Closeable Sleeves – Design Challenges
• Seal design
• Flow testing • 600 kg/m3 proppant, 4 m3/min
• (Thanks for the help Calfrac!)
• Multiple shift cycles
• Differential unloading
• Long-term shifting & sealing• Waxes
• Scale
• Effective washing (patent pending)
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CT Sleeves – Operational Challenges
• 6000m coil depths
• Getting on depth• Big coil
• Heavy tapers
• World record: 93 stages in the Bakken in a single trip• 5975 m MD
• 2” coil, .203” to .134” wall (50.8 mm coil, 5.16 mm – 3.40 mm wall)
• Locate vs drag
• Even more important with closeables
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Closeable Sleeves – Operational Challenges
• Closing against differentials• Large piston area => large forces
• Shift force + differential force
• Commonly ~8,000 daN at BHA (~17,000 daN at surface)
• Differential shift or equalize & shift?
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Downhole Data
• BHA memory gauge
• Typically x2 per BHA
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Differential Shift
Surface CT Data (MPa)
CT Depth (m)
Pressure differential
across perforator (psi)
Force @ BHA (lbf)
Pressure differential
across the packer (psi)
Coil Force (daN)
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Equalized Shift
Pressure
differential across
the packer (psi)
Force @ BHA (lbf)
CT Depth (m)
Pressure differential
across perforator (psi)
Surface CT Data (MPa)
Coil Force (daN)
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What’s Next: Closeable Sleeves!
• First closeable sleeves in the ground July 13th 2013
• Good results with pressure test on closed sleeves
• Excellent results with sand flow-back• 3 wells with no sand & no cleanouts
• Improved pressure management methods
• Annular refrac opportunities
• Creative solutions
• Cheap insurance
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Thanks!