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Cultural Diversity
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Drill
List 5 examples each of material & non-material culture here in the United States.
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Material vs. Nonmaterial Culture Material Culture
The physical objects that people create and use in one’s daily life
Nonmaterial Culture Abstract human
creations ~ beliefs, family patterns, language, rules, etc.
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The Components of Culture All Cultures have
certain basic components Technology Symbols Language Values Norms
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Technology A society’s culture
consists of physical objects & rules for using those objects What is considered
acceptable behavior when using material culture?
Ex. – “hacking” into a computer
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Symbols Through symbols we
create culture & communicate it with future generations A symbol is anything
that represents anything else
Words, gestures, images, sounds, objects, events or element
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Language
The organization of written or spoken symbols into a standardized system Used to express
ideas & needs/wants
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Lost in Translation
As the economy has become increasingly more global ~ there have been some funny mistakes General Motors wondered why their Chevy
Nova cars were not selling well in Spanish-speaking countries
No va in Spanish means “it won’t go”
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Values
Shared beliefs about what is good or bad, right or wrong, desirable or undesirable A society that values war
& physical strength will be very different than one that values cooperation & sharing
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The Cossacks of Russia The modern descendants of groups of
soldiers for hire from Central Asia Over 5 million Russians identify themselves as
Cossacks, but it is not an identifiable ethnic group They have preserved values from their history as a
race of warriors Revere military service Value extreme order Value harsh punishment for wrong-doings
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The Yanomamo Farmers who live in
small villages along the border between Brazil & Venezuela Warfare & feats of male
strength play a very important role in their way of life
Once called “the Fierce People” by anthropologist Napoleon Chagnon
Approximately 30% of all deaths among Yanomamo males result from wounds in battle Conflicts in the village
cause groups to form new settlements & war occurs between villages that were originally part of the same settlement
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The San The indigenous people of southern Africa,
whose territory spans most areas of South Africa, Zimbabwe, Lesotho, Mozambique, Swaziland, Botswana, Namibia, and Angola Traditionally hunter-gatherer tribes Their way of life is based on cooperation ~ all
members (except for very young, very old and sick) search for food and they share everything with all members
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Norms Created to enforce
the cultural values of a group Folkways
Norms that describe socially acceptable behavior but have little moral significance
Mores Norms with great
moral significance attached to them
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Examining Culture Features of a culture
are divided into 3 levels 1. Cultural Traits
An individual tool, act, or belief that is related to a particular situation or need
Ex. ~Using fork, knife or spoon to eat or specific greetings
2. Culture Complexes A cluster of interrelated
traits Ex. ~ Football combines
material traits, specific acts, beliefs & finance/marketing
3. Culture Patterns The combination of a
number of culture complexes into a whole
Ex. ~ Football, Baseball, Tennis, Golf, Basketball, Swimming, Track, Lacrosse all form the American Athletic Pattern
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Homework
Use old magazines & newspapers to create a collage that illustrates each of the five components of culture here in America. Be sure to include culture traits, complexes and patterns as well.