Download - CULTURAL GEOGRAPHY - El Camino College
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CULTURAL GEOGRAPHY
Geography 2Instructor – Gary Booher
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Geography is the science of place. Its vision is grand, its view panoramic. It sweeps the surface of the Earth, charting the physical, organic and cultural terrain, their areal differentiation, and their ecological dynamicswith human kind. Its foremost tool is the map.
Geography = “to describe the earth”
- Leonard KrishtalkaCarnegie Museum of Natural History
What is Geography?
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Science of PlacePhysical & CulturalAreal DifferentiationEcological DynamicsMaps
Elements of Geography
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Geography Studies…Differences from Place to Place
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Population
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Folk Culture
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Popular Culture
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Language
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Religion
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Ethnicity
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Political Geography
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Agriculture
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Industry
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Cities
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Urban Patterns
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Meaning of Culture
• Social Beliefs/Customs– Language, Religion, Ethnicity
• Material Traits– Food, Clothing, Shelter
Definitions of Culture – 2 aspects…To care about• To value
To take care of• Cultivate
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Meaning of CultureCulture is…
A “way of Life”Shared by a group of peopleLearned
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1. Culture Region
2. Cultural Ecology
3. Cultural Diffusion
4. Cultural Interaction
5. Cultural Landscape
Major Themes…
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1 – Culture RegionArea unified by culture3 Types of Culture Regions…
FormalFunctionalVernacular
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Has 1+ cultural traitsA __________ areaAn area with a lot of __________Indefinite boundary
Formal Regions
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Formal RegionsPresidential Election (2008)
Electoral Vote (State)• “Blue” vs. “Red”
Popular Vote (County)• Urban vs. Rural
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Organized to serve a FunctionFocused on a NODE
Political
Functional Regions
~ 200 Countries
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Functional RegionsSocial
Church
EconomicArea for Service or Delivery
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Based on a common or perceived name for an area
“Midwest”
Vernacular Regions
“The South” This area?
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Vernacular Regions
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Orange County?
Pacific Northwest?
A rice-growing region?
Pizza-delivery area for Pizza take-out?
Functional
Vernacular
Formal
Functional
What Type of Region?Formal, Functional or Vernacular?
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Interaction of Culture & EnvironmentEnvironment influences Culture• Agriculture, Housing
2 – Cultural Ecology
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Human activity influences Environment
Cultural Ecology
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Environmental Determinism…Environment dominant over Culture• In a ________________ environment,
people/culture will be _____________
Cultural Ecology Views
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PossibilismEnvironment offers Possibilities• For People to choose from
Environmental PerceptionPeople choose Possibilities…• From how they Perceive Environment
Cultural Ecology Views
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Humans as Modifiers of the EarthPeople affect the Environment• Opposite of Environmental Determinism
Depends on…• Technology & Energy• Attitudes towards the Earth
Cultural Ecology Views
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Environmental ModificationNetherlands…
Land drained & reclaimed from Sea
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3 – Cultural DiffusionOrigin and spread of…
TraitsIdeasInnovations
Place of Origin is called a HearthDiffusion weakens from Hearth
Distance Decay
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Cultural Diffusion – TypesRelocation Diffusion
• People Migrate
Expansion Diffusion• Ideas Migrate
HierarchicalContagious
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Relocation DiffusionVia migration
Bring culture with them• Foods
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Hierarchical DiffusionBetween…
Urban centersWealthy or trendy people
Examples…FashionsMoviesPop Culture
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Contagious DiffusionNeighborhood effect
Influence of Peers
TastesMusic
ActionsLanguage
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Cultural Diffusion
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4 – Cultural InteractionInfluence between Cultural elements
Cultural traits are interdependent• Even when unrelated
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5 – Cultural LandscapeMan-made Landscape
Buildings/Structures
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Cultural LandscapeVisual Record of Cultures
Of Values, Tastes, Fears, Technology
Shows Identity of a Place
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ToponymsCultural Landscape
Place-Names
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Descriptive – for a Natural FeatureLong BeachRiversideThousand OaksSierra Nevada
Toponyms – Classification
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Signify Values – of SettlersLos AngelesIslamabad
Toponyms – Classification
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Show Historical SettlementIndigenous• Pasadena
Spanish• Santa Monica• San Pedro• Lomita
American• Walnut
Toponyms – Classification
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CommemorativeFor a Person • Washington, DC• Santa Ana• Baldwin Park
Or another place• New York
– New Amsterdam
Toponyms – Classification
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Functional – for an Economic ActivityHarbor CityCity of IndustryCommercePortland
Toponyms – Classification
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ManufacturedInvented Words/Acronyms• Calexico• Mexicali• Norco• Altadena• Azusa
Toponyms – Classification
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Toponyms
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Lower Manhattan
Site – Physical Characteristics
Place – Site vs. Situation
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Place – Site vs. Situation
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Fig. 1-7: Singapore is situated at a key location for international trade.Singapore
Situation – Importance of LocationRelative to other places & factors
Place – Site vs. Situation
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Spatial DistributionDensity
# per Area• High vs. Low
PatternArrangement• Regular vs. Irregular
ConcentrationSpread• Clustered vs. Dispersed
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Concentration?Density?Spatial Distribution
Lower
Higher
= # 2
Dispersed
= # 1
Clustered
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MapsCartography = Mapmaking
Contemporary ToolsRemote Sensing• Satellite Images
GPS = Global Positioning System
GIS = Geographical Information Systems
Portraying Location
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Politically Incorrect MapCartographers gone Wild???