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Cumulative Risks of Confirmed Maltreatment andFoster Care Placement for American Children
Christopher Wildeman1
Yale University
February 26, 2014
1The collector of the original data, the funder, the National Data Archive on Child Abuse and Neglect, and
Cornell University and their agents or employees bear no responsibility for the analyses or interpretations herein.
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1. Background
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The usual (social) suspects
I Parents and families.
I Neighborhoods and schools.
I The broader social policy context.
![Page 4: Cumulative Risks of Confirmed Maltreatment and Foster Care ......I National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System. I According to the Children’s Bureau,\The NCANDS is a voluntary data](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042318/5f07f4957e708231d41f99ae/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
The usual (social) suspects
I Parents and families.
I Neighborhoods and schools.
I The broader social policy context.
![Page 5: Cumulative Risks of Confirmed Maltreatment and Foster Care ......I National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System. I According to the Children’s Bureau,\The NCANDS is a voluntary data](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042318/5f07f4957e708231d41f99ae/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
The usual (social) suspects
I Parents and families.
I Neighborhoods and schools.
I The broader social policy context.
![Page 6: Cumulative Risks of Confirmed Maltreatment and Foster Care ......I National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System. I According to the Children’s Bureau,\The NCANDS is a voluntary data](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042318/5f07f4957e708231d41f99ae/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
The usual (social) suspects
I Parents and families.
I Neighborhoods and schools.
I The broader social policy context.
![Page 7: Cumulative Risks of Confirmed Maltreatment and Foster Care ......I National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System. I According to the Children’s Bureau,\The NCANDS is a voluntary data](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042318/5f07f4957e708231d41f99ae/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
We ignore child maltreatment and CPS contact
I (1) Because we assume they are very rare.I (2) And we don’t know how they affect children.
I This issue somewhat resolved for maltreatment.
![Page 8: Cumulative Risks of Confirmed Maltreatment and Foster Care ......I National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System. I According to the Children’s Bureau,\The NCANDS is a voluntary data](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042318/5f07f4957e708231d41f99ae/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
We ignore child maltreatment and CPS contact
I (1) Because we assume they are very rare.I (2) And we don’t know how they affect children.
I This issue somewhat resolved for maltreatment.
![Page 9: Cumulative Risks of Confirmed Maltreatment and Foster Care ......I National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System. I According to the Children’s Bureau,\The NCANDS is a voluntary data](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042318/5f07f4957e708231d41f99ae/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
We ignore child maltreatment and CPS contact
I (1) Because we assume they are very rare.I (2) And we don’t know how they affect children.
I This issue somewhat resolved for maltreatment.
![Page 10: Cumulative Risks of Confirmed Maltreatment and Foster Care ......I National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System. I According to the Children’s Bureau,\The NCANDS is a voluntary data](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042318/5f07f4957e708231d41f99ae/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
We ignore child maltreatment and CPS contact
I (1) Because we assume they are very rare.I (2) And we don’t know how they affect children.
I This issue somewhat resolved for maltreatment.
![Page 11: Cumulative Risks of Confirmed Maltreatment and Foster Care ......I National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System. I According to the Children’s Bureau,\The NCANDS is a voluntary data](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042318/5f07f4957e708231d41f99ae/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
In this talk
I I estimate (1) what proportion of children will ever experienceconfirmed maltreatment and foster care placement at anypoint between birth and age 18 and (2) how the risk ofexperiencing these events varies by race/ethnicity and sex.
![Page 12: Cumulative Risks of Confirmed Maltreatment and Foster Care ......I National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System. I According to the Children’s Bureau,\The NCANDS is a voluntary data](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042318/5f07f4957e708231d41f99ae/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
In this talk
I I estimate (1) what proportion of children will ever experienceconfirmed maltreatment and foster care placement at anypoint between birth and age 18 and (2) how the risk ofexperiencing these events varies by race/ethnicity and sex.
![Page 13: Cumulative Risks of Confirmed Maltreatment and Foster Care ......I National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System. I According to the Children’s Bureau,\The NCANDS is a voluntary data](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042318/5f07f4957e708231d41f99ae/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Referrals (1) Response (2) Victim (3) Services (4)
Referrals - 100% (3.4 Million Referrals 6.2 Million Children)
Screened In - 61% (2 Million Referrals 3.7 Million Children)
Screened Out – 39% (1.4 Million Referrals 2.5 Million Children)
Non-Victims - 47% (2.4 Million Children)
Victims - 14% (681,000 Children)
None - 6% (315,000 Children)
In-Home – 4% (224,000 children) Foster Care – 2%
Foster Care–1%
In-Home – 12% (645,000 Children)
None- 35% (1.7 Million Children)
100% Combined 4% (228,000 children) (
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Referrals (1) Response (2) Victim (3) Services (4)
Referrals - 100% (3.4 Million Referrals 6.2 Million Children)
Screened In - 61% (2 Million Referrals 3.7 Million Children)
Screened Out – 39% (1.4 Million Referrals 2.5 Million Children)
Non-Victims - 47% (2.4 Million Children)
Victims - 14% (681,000 Children)
None - 6% (315,000 Children) In-Home – 4% (224,000 children) Foster Care – 2%
Foster Care–1%
In-Home – 12% (645,000 Children)
None- 35% (1.7 Million Children)
100% Combined 4%
(228,000 children) (
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2. Data
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NCANDS
I National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System.I According to the Children’s Bureau, “The NCANDS is a
voluntary data collection system that gathers information fromall 50 states, the District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico aboutreports of child abuse and neglect. . .The data are used toexamine trends in child abuse and neglect across the country.”
I Although voluntary, >44 states have reported since 2004.
![Page 17: Cumulative Risks of Confirmed Maltreatment and Foster Care ......I National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System. I According to the Children’s Bureau,\The NCANDS is a voluntary data](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042318/5f07f4957e708231d41f99ae/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
NCANDS
I National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System.I According to the Children’s Bureau, “The NCANDS is a
voluntary data collection system that gathers information fromall 50 states, the District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico aboutreports of child abuse and neglect. . .The data are used toexamine trends in child abuse and neglect across the country.”
I Although voluntary, >44 states have reported since 2004.
![Page 18: Cumulative Risks of Confirmed Maltreatment and Foster Care ......I National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System. I According to the Children’s Bureau,\The NCANDS is a voluntary data](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042318/5f07f4957e708231d41f99ae/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
NCANDS
I National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System.I According to the Children’s Bureau, “The NCANDS is a
voluntary data collection system that gathers information fromall 50 states, the District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico aboutreports of child abuse and neglect. . .The data are used toexamine trends in child abuse and neglect across the country.”
I Although voluntary, >44 states have reported since 2004.
![Page 19: Cumulative Risks of Confirmed Maltreatment and Foster Care ......I National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System. I According to the Children’s Bureau,\The NCANDS is a voluntary data](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042318/5f07f4957e708231d41f99ae/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
NCANDS
I National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System.I According to the Children’s Bureau, “The NCANDS is a
voluntary data collection system that gathers information fromall 50 states, the District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico aboutreports of child abuse and neglect. . .The data are used toexamine trends in child abuse and neglect across the country.”
I Although voluntary, >44 states have reported since 2004.
![Page 20: Cumulative Risks of Confirmed Maltreatment and Foster Care ......I National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System. I According to the Children’s Bureau,\The NCANDS is a voluntary data](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042318/5f07f4957e708231d41f99ae/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Measures
I First confirmed child maltreatment case.I Treat substantiated and indicated cases as confirmed.I Inaccurate within year, so had to adjust accordingly.
I Report date, age, sex, race/ethnicity, state, county.
![Page 21: Cumulative Risks of Confirmed Maltreatment and Foster Care ......I National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System. I According to the Children’s Bureau,\The NCANDS is a voluntary data](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042318/5f07f4957e708231d41f99ae/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Measures
I First confirmed child maltreatment case.I Treat substantiated and indicated cases as confirmed.I Inaccurate within year, so had to adjust accordingly.
I Report date, age, sex, race/ethnicity, state, county.
![Page 22: Cumulative Risks of Confirmed Maltreatment and Foster Care ......I National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System. I According to the Children’s Bureau,\The NCANDS is a voluntary data](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042318/5f07f4957e708231d41f99ae/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Measures
I First confirmed child maltreatment case.I Treat substantiated and indicated cases as confirmed.I Inaccurate within year, so had to adjust accordingly.
I Report date, age, sex, race/ethnicity, state, county.
![Page 23: Cumulative Risks of Confirmed Maltreatment and Foster Care ......I National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System. I According to the Children’s Bureau,\The NCANDS is a voluntary data](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042318/5f07f4957e708231d41f99ae/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Measures
I First confirmed child maltreatment case.I Treat substantiated and indicated cases as confirmed.I Inaccurate within year, so had to adjust accordingly.
I Report date, age, sex, race/ethnicity, state, county.
![Page 24: Cumulative Risks of Confirmed Maltreatment and Foster Care ......I National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System. I According to the Children’s Bureau,\The NCANDS is a voluntary data](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042318/5f07f4957e708231d41f99ae/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Measures
I First confirmed child maltreatment case.I Treat substantiated and indicated cases as confirmed.I Inaccurate within year, so had to adjust accordingly.
I Report date, age, sex, race/ethnicity, state, county.
![Page 25: Cumulative Risks of Confirmed Maltreatment and Foster Care ......I National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System. I According to the Children’s Bureau,\The NCANDS is a voluntary data](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042318/5f07f4957e708231d41f99ae/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
AFCARS
I Adoption and Foster Care Analysis and Reporting System.I According to the Children’s Bureau, “The AFCARS data
contain case level information on all children in foster care forwhom State and Tribal title IV-E agencies have responsibilityfor placement, care or supervision and on children adoptedunder the auspices of the State and Tribal title IV-E agency.”
I Reporting is not voluntary. All 50 states since 2000.
![Page 26: Cumulative Risks of Confirmed Maltreatment and Foster Care ......I National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System. I According to the Children’s Bureau,\The NCANDS is a voluntary data](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042318/5f07f4957e708231d41f99ae/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
AFCARS
I Adoption and Foster Care Analysis and Reporting System.I According to the Children’s Bureau, “The AFCARS data
contain case level information on all children in foster care forwhom State and Tribal title IV-E agencies have responsibilityfor placement, care or supervision and on children adoptedunder the auspices of the State and Tribal title IV-E agency.”
I Reporting is not voluntary. All 50 states since 2000.
![Page 27: Cumulative Risks of Confirmed Maltreatment and Foster Care ......I National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System. I According to the Children’s Bureau,\The NCANDS is a voluntary data](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042318/5f07f4957e708231d41f99ae/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
AFCARS
I Adoption and Foster Care Analysis and Reporting System.I According to the Children’s Bureau, “The AFCARS data
contain case level information on all children in foster care forwhom State and Tribal title IV-E agencies have responsibilityfor placement, care or supervision and on children adoptedunder the auspices of the State and Tribal title IV-E agency.”
I Reporting is not voluntary. All 50 states since 2000.
![Page 28: Cumulative Risks of Confirmed Maltreatment and Foster Care ......I National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System. I According to the Children’s Bureau,\The NCANDS is a voluntary data](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042318/5f07f4957e708231d41f99ae/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
AFCARS
I Adoption and Foster Care Analysis and Reporting System.I According to the Children’s Bureau, “The AFCARS data
contain case level information on all children in foster care forwhom State and Tribal title IV-E agencies have responsibilityfor placement, care or supervision and on children adoptedunder the auspices of the State and Tribal title IV-E agency.”
I Reporting is not voluntary. All 50 states since 2000.
![Page 29: Cumulative Risks of Confirmed Maltreatment and Foster Care ......I National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System. I According to the Children’s Bureau,\The NCANDS is a voluntary data](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042318/5f07f4957e708231d41f99ae/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Measures
I First foster care placement.I Include both kin and non-kin placements.I Accurate within year (because few children experience multiple
distinct placements in the same year), but did same checks.I Placement date, age, sex, race/ethnicity, state, county.
![Page 30: Cumulative Risks of Confirmed Maltreatment and Foster Care ......I National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System. I According to the Children’s Bureau,\The NCANDS is a voluntary data](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042318/5f07f4957e708231d41f99ae/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Measures
I First foster care placement.I Include both kin and non-kin placements.I Accurate within year (because few children experience multiple
distinct placements in the same year), but did same checks.I Placement date, age, sex, race/ethnicity, state, county.
![Page 31: Cumulative Risks of Confirmed Maltreatment and Foster Care ......I National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System. I According to the Children’s Bureau,\The NCANDS is a voluntary data](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042318/5f07f4957e708231d41f99ae/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Measures
I First foster care placement.I Include both kin and non-kin placements.I Accurate within year (because few children experience multiple
distinct placements in the same year), but did same checks.I Placement date, age, sex, race/ethnicity, state, county.
![Page 32: Cumulative Risks of Confirmed Maltreatment and Foster Care ......I National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System. I According to the Children’s Bureau,\The NCANDS is a voluntary data](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042318/5f07f4957e708231d41f99ae/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Measures
I First foster care placement.I Include both kin and non-kin placements.I Accurate within year (because few children experience multiple
distinct placements in the same year), but did same checks.I Placement date, age, sex, race/ethnicity, state, county.
![Page 33: Cumulative Risks of Confirmed Maltreatment and Foster Care ......I National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System. I According to the Children’s Bureau,\The NCANDS is a voluntary data](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042318/5f07f4957e708231d41f99ae/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Measures
I First foster care placement.I Include both kin and non-kin placements.I Accurate within year (because few children experience multiple
distinct placements in the same year), but did same checks.I Placement date, age, sex, race/ethnicity, state, county.
![Page 34: Cumulative Risks of Confirmed Maltreatment and Foster Care ......I National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System. I According to the Children’s Bureau,\The NCANDS is a voluntary data](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042318/5f07f4957e708231d41f99ae/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
CDC Wonder
I Provides population estimates (that all analyses use for thedenominator) by age, sex, race/ethnicity, state, and county.
![Page 35: Cumulative Risks of Confirmed Maltreatment and Foster Care ......I National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System. I According to the Children’s Bureau,\The NCANDS is a voluntary data](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042318/5f07f4957e708231d41f99ae/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
CDC Wonder
I Provides population estimates (that all analyses use for thedenominator) by age, sex, race/ethnicity, state, and county.
![Page 36: Cumulative Risks of Confirmed Maltreatment and Foster Care ......I National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System. I According to the Children’s Bureau,\The NCANDS is a voluntary data](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042318/5f07f4957e708231d41f99ae/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
3. Analytic strategy
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Synthetic cohort (or period) life tables
I Tells us what proportion of a hypothetical cohort of childrenwould ever experience confirmed maltreatment if they weresubjected to any given year’s age-specific first-confirmedmaltreatment rates at each age from birth through age 18.
I I break all results down by race/ethnicity and sex.I Although I don’t show CIs, all differences are significant.
![Page 38: Cumulative Risks of Confirmed Maltreatment and Foster Care ......I National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System. I According to the Children’s Bureau,\The NCANDS is a voluntary data](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042318/5f07f4957e708231d41f99ae/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Synthetic cohort (or period) life tables
I Tells us what proportion of a hypothetical cohort of childrenwould ever experience confirmed maltreatment if they weresubjected to any given year’s age-specific first-confirmedmaltreatment rates at each age from birth through age 18.
I I break all results down by race/ethnicity and sex.I Although I don’t show CIs, all differences are significant.
![Page 39: Cumulative Risks of Confirmed Maltreatment and Foster Care ......I National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System. I According to the Children’s Bureau,\The NCANDS is a voluntary data](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042318/5f07f4957e708231d41f99ae/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Synthetic cohort (or period) life tables
I Tells us what proportion of a hypothetical cohort of childrenwould ever experience confirmed maltreatment if they weresubjected to any given year’s age-specific first-confirmedmaltreatment rates at each age from birth through age 18.
I I break all results down by race/ethnicity and sex.I Although I don’t show CIs, all differences are significant.
![Page 40: Cumulative Risks of Confirmed Maltreatment and Foster Care ......I National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System. I According to the Children’s Bureau,\The NCANDS is a voluntary data](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042318/5f07f4957e708231d41f99ae/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Synthetic cohort (or period) life tables
I Tells us what proportion of a hypothetical cohort of childrenwould ever experience confirmed maltreatment if they weresubjected to any given year’s age-specific first-confirmedmaltreatment rates at each age from birth through age 18.
I I break all results down by race/ethnicity and sex.I Although I don’t show CIs, all differences are significant.
![Page 41: Cumulative Risks of Confirmed Maltreatment and Foster Care ......I National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System. I According to the Children’s Bureau,\The NCANDS is a voluntary data](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042318/5f07f4957e708231d41f99ae/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Why not birth cohort life tables?
I Insufficient data.I Could produce estimates to age 7 in NCANDS.I Could produce estimates to age 12 in AFCARS.
![Page 42: Cumulative Risks of Confirmed Maltreatment and Foster Care ......I National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System. I According to the Children’s Bureau,\The NCANDS is a voluntary data](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042318/5f07f4957e708231d41f99ae/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Why not birth cohort life tables?
I Insufficient data.I Could produce estimates to age 7 in NCANDS.I Could produce estimates to age 12 in AFCARS.
![Page 43: Cumulative Risks of Confirmed Maltreatment and Foster Care ......I National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System. I According to the Children’s Bureau,\The NCANDS is a voluntary data](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042318/5f07f4957e708231d41f99ae/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
Why not birth cohort life tables?
I Insufficient data.I Could produce estimates to age 7 in NCANDS.I Could produce estimates to age 12 in AFCARS.
![Page 44: Cumulative Risks of Confirmed Maltreatment and Foster Care ......I National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System. I According to the Children’s Bureau,\The NCANDS is a voluntary data](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042318/5f07f4957e708231d41f99ae/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
Why not birth cohort life tables?
I Insufficient data.I Could produce estimates to age 7 in NCANDS.I Could produce estimates to age 12 in AFCARS.
![Page 45: Cumulative Risks of Confirmed Maltreatment and Foster Care ......I National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System. I According to the Children’s Bureau,\The NCANDS is a voluntary data](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042318/5f07f4957e708231d41f99ae/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
Building a synthetic cohort life table
Cumulative Risk of Confirmed Maltreatment by Age 10, 2005Age nDx nNx nANx nmx nqx 0cx
123456789
10
![Page 46: Cumulative Risks of Confirmed Maltreatment and Foster Care ......I National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System. I According to the Children’s Bureau,\The NCANDS is a voluntary data](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042318/5f07f4957e708231d41f99ae/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
Building a synthetic cohort life table
Cumulative Risk of Confirmed Maltreatment by Age 10, 2005Age nDx nNx nANx nmx nqx 0cx
1 1,9972 1,0713 1,0014 9575 9246 9377 9058 8369 763
10 713
![Page 47: Cumulative Risks of Confirmed Maltreatment and Foster Care ......I National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System. I According to the Children’s Bureau,\The NCANDS is a voluntary data](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042318/5f07f4957e708231d41f99ae/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
Building a synthetic cohort life table
Cumulative Risk of Confirmed Maltreatment by Age 10, 2005Age nDx nNx nANx nmx nqx 0cx
1 1,997 4,095,5372 1,071 4,098,2883 1,001 4,058,3684 957 4,049,9685 924 4,052,5796 937 3,931,2747 905 3,885,4718 836 3,890,5189 763 3,907,974
10 713 3,977,966
![Page 48: Cumulative Risks of Confirmed Maltreatment and Foster Care ......I National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System. I According to the Children’s Bureau,\The NCANDS is a voluntary data](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042318/5f07f4957e708231d41f99ae/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
Building a synthetic cohort life table
Cumulative Risk of Confirmed Maltreatment by Age 10, 2005Age nDx nNx nANx nmx nqx 0cx
1 1,997 4,095,5372 1,071 4,098,2883 1,001 4,058,3684 957 4,049,9685 924 4,052,5796 937 3,931,2747 905 3,885,4718 836 3,890,5189 763 3,907,974
10 713 3,977,966
![Page 49: Cumulative Risks of Confirmed Maltreatment and Foster Care ......I National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System. I According to the Children’s Bureau,\The NCANDS is a voluntary data](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042318/5f07f4957e708231d41f99ae/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
Building a synthetic cohort life table
Cumulative Risk of Confirmed Maltreatment by Age 10, 2005Age nDx nNx nANx nmx nqx 0cx
1 1,997 4,095,537 .020 .019 .0192 1,071 4,098,2883 1,001 4,058,3684 957 4,049,9685 924 4,052,5796 937 3,931,2747 905 3,885,4718 836 3,890,5189 763 3,907,974
10 713 3,977,966
![Page 50: Cumulative Risks of Confirmed Maltreatment and Foster Care ......I National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System. I According to the Children’s Bureau,\The NCANDS is a voluntary data](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042318/5f07f4957e708231d41f99ae/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
Building a synthetic cohort life table
Cumulative Risk of Confirmed Maltreatment by Age 10, 2005Age nDx nNx nANx nmx nqx 0cx
1 1,997 4,095,537 .020 .019 .0192 1,071 4,098,2883 1,001 4,058,3684 957 4,049,9685 924 4,052,5796 937 3,931,2747 905 3,885,4718 836 3,890,5189 763 3,907,974
10 713 3,977,966
![Page 51: Cumulative Risks of Confirmed Maltreatment and Foster Care ......I National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System. I According to the Children’s Bureau,\The NCANDS is a voluntary data](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042318/5f07f4957e708231d41f99ae/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
Building a synthetic cohort life table
Cumulative Risk of Confirmed Maltreatment by Age 10, 2005Age nDx nNx nANx nmx nqx 0cx
1 1,997 4,095,537 .020 .019 .0192 1,071 4,098,288 NO NO NO3 1,001 4,058,3684 957 4,049,9685 924 4,052,5796 937 3,931,2747 905 3,885,4718 836 3,890,5189 763 3,907,974
10 713 3,977,966
![Page 52: Cumulative Risks of Confirmed Maltreatment and Foster Care ......I National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System. I According to the Children’s Bureau,\The NCANDS is a voluntary data](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042318/5f07f4957e708231d41f99ae/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
Building a synthetic cohort life table
Cumulative Risk of Confirmed Maltreatment by Age 10, 2005Age nDx nNx nANx nmx nqx 0cx
1 1,997 4,095,537 .020 .019 .0192 1,071 4,098,2883 1,001 4,058,3684 957 4,049,9685 924 4,052,5796 937 3,931,2747 905 3,885,4718 836 3,890,5189 763 3,907,974
10 713 3,977,966
![Page 53: Cumulative Risks of Confirmed Maltreatment and Foster Care ......I National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System. I According to the Children’s Bureau,\The NCANDS is a voluntary data](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042318/5f07f4957e708231d41f99ae/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
Building a synthetic cohort life table
Cumulative Risk of Confirmed Maltreatment by Age 10, 2005Age nDx nNx nANx nmx nqx 0cx
1 1,997 4,095,537 .020 .019 .0192 1,071 4,098,288 4,016,4503 1,001 4,058,3684 957 4,049,9685 924 4,052,5796 937 3,931,2747 905 3,885,4718 836 3,890,5189 763 3,907,974
10 713 3,977,966
![Page 54: Cumulative Risks of Confirmed Maltreatment and Foster Care ......I National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System. I According to the Children’s Bureau,\The NCANDS is a voluntary data](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042318/5f07f4957e708231d41f99ae/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
Building a synthetic cohort life table
Cumulative Risk of Confirmed Maltreatment by Age 10, 2005Age nDx nNx nANx nmx nqx 0cx
1 1,997 4,095,537 .020 .019 .0192 1,071 4,098,288 4,016,450 .011 .0113 1,001 4,058,3684 957 4,049,9685 924 4,052,5796 937 3,931,2747 905 3,885,4718 836 3,890,5189 763 3,907,974
10 713 3,977,966
![Page 55: Cumulative Risks of Confirmed Maltreatment and Foster Care ......I National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System. I According to the Children’s Bureau,\The NCANDS is a voluntary data](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042318/5f07f4957e708231d41f99ae/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
Building a synthetic cohort life table
Cumulative Risk of Confirmed Maltreatment by Age 10, 2005Age nDx nNx nANx nmx nqx 0cx
1 1,997 4,095,537 .020 .019 .0192 1,071 4,098,288 4,016,450 .011 .011 .0313 1,001 4,058,3684 957 4,049,9685 924 4,052,5796 937 3,931,2747 905 3,885,4718 836 3,890,5189 763 3,907,974
10 713 3,977,966
![Page 56: Cumulative Risks of Confirmed Maltreatment and Foster Care ......I National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System. I According to the Children’s Bureau,\The NCANDS is a voluntary data](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042318/5f07f4957e708231d41f99ae/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
4. Low daily (and yearly) prevalence
![Page 57: Cumulative Risks of Confirmed Maltreatment and Foster Care ......I National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System. I According to the Children’s Bureau,\The NCANDS is a voluntary data](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042318/5f07f4957e708231d41f99ae/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
●
● ●
● ● ● ●●
For Males
Pro
port
ion
of C
hild
ren
2004 2006 2008 2010
00.
005
0.01
0.01
50.
02
●
● ●
● ● ● ● ●
For Females
2004 2006 2008 2010
Year
Proportion of Children with Confirmed Maltreatment
Total
![Page 58: Cumulative Risks of Confirmed Maltreatment and Foster Care ......I National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System. I According to the Children’s Bureau,\The NCANDS is a voluntary data](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042318/5f07f4957e708231d41f99ae/html5/thumbnails/58.jpg)
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● ●
● ● ● ●●
For Males
Pro
port
ion
of C
hild
ren
2004 2006 2008 2010
00.
005
0.01
0.01
50.
02
●
● ●
● ● ● ● ●
●
● ●
● ● ● ● ●
For Females
2004 2006 2008 2010
Year
Proportion of Children with Confirmed Maltreatment
Total White
![Page 59: Cumulative Risks of Confirmed Maltreatment and Foster Care ......I National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System. I According to the Children’s Bureau,\The NCANDS is a voluntary data](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042318/5f07f4957e708231d41f99ae/html5/thumbnails/59.jpg)
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●
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●
● ●
●●
For Males
Pro
port
ion
of C
hild
ren
2004 2006 2008 2010
00.
005
0.01
0.01
50.
02
●
● ●
● ● ● ● ●
●
● ●
● ● ● ● ●
●
●●
●● ●
●●
For Females
2004 2006 2008 2010
Year
Proportion of Children with Confirmed Maltreatment
Total WhiteBlack
![Page 60: Cumulative Risks of Confirmed Maltreatment and Foster Care ......I National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System. I According to the Children’s Bureau,\The NCANDS is a voluntary data](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042318/5f07f4957e708231d41f99ae/html5/thumbnails/60.jpg)
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● ●
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●
●●
● ●● ●
●
For Males
Pro
port
ion
of C
hild
ren
2004 2006 2008 2010
00.
005
0.01
0.01
50.
02
●
● ●
● ● ● ● ●
●
● ●
● ● ● ● ●
●
●●
●● ●
●●
●
●●
●●
● ●●
For Females
2004 2006 2008 2010
Year
Proportion of Children with Confirmed Maltreatment
Total WhiteBlackHispanic Origin
![Page 61: Cumulative Risks of Confirmed Maltreatment and Foster Care ......I National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System. I According to the Children’s Bureau,\The NCANDS is a voluntary data](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042318/5f07f4957e708231d41f99ae/html5/thumbnails/61.jpg)
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●
● ● ● ● ● ●● ●
For Males
Pro
port
ion
of C
hild
ren
2004 2006 2008 2010
00.
005
0.01
0.01
50.
02
●
● ●
● ● ● ● ●
●
● ●
● ● ● ● ●
●
●●
●● ●
●●
●
●●
●●
● ●●
● ●●
● ● ●● ●
For Females
2004 2006 2008 2010
Year
Proportion of Children with Confirmed Maltreatment
Total WhiteBlackHispanic OriginAsian
![Page 62: Cumulative Risks of Confirmed Maltreatment and Foster Care ......I National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System. I According to the Children’s Bureau,\The NCANDS is a voluntary data](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042318/5f07f4957e708231d41f99ae/html5/thumbnails/62.jpg)
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●
● ● ● ● ● ●● ●
●
●
●
● ●
●
●
●
For Males
Pro
port
ion
of C
hild
ren
2004 2006 2008 2010
00.
005
0.01
0.01
50.
02
●
● ●
● ● ● ● ●
●
● ●
● ● ● ● ●
●
●●
●● ●
●●
●
●●
●●
● ●●
● ●●
● ● ●● ●
●
●
●
● ●
●
●●
For Females
2004 2006 2008 2010
Year
Proportion of Children with Confirmed Maltreatment
Total WhiteBlackHispanic OriginAsianNative American
![Page 63: Cumulative Risks of Confirmed Maltreatment and Foster Care ......I National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System. I According to the Children’s Bureau,\The NCANDS is a voluntary data](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042318/5f07f4957e708231d41f99ae/html5/thumbnails/63.jpg)
● ●● ● ● ● ● ●
●● ● ●
For Males
Pro
port
ion
of C
hild
ren
2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011
00.
005
0.01
0.01
50.
020.
025
Total
● ●● ● ● ● ● ●
●● ● ●
For Females
2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011
Year
Proportion of Children in Foster Care on September 30
![Page 64: Cumulative Risks of Confirmed Maltreatment and Foster Care ......I National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System. I According to the Children’s Bureau,\The NCANDS is a voluntary data](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042318/5f07f4957e708231d41f99ae/html5/thumbnails/64.jpg)
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● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●●
● ●●
For Males
Pro
port
ion
of C
hild
ren
2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011
00.
005
0.01
0.01
50.
020.
025
TotalWhite
● ●● ● ● ● ● ●
●● ● ●
● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●●
● ● ●
For Females
2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011
Year
Proportion of Children in Foster Care on September 30
![Page 65: Cumulative Risks of Confirmed Maltreatment and Foster Care ......I National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System. I According to the Children’s Bureau,\The NCANDS is a voluntary data](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042318/5f07f4957e708231d41f99ae/html5/thumbnails/65.jpg)
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● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●●
● ●●
● ●
●
●
●●
●●
●
●
●●
For Males
Pro
port
ion
of C
hild
ren
2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011
00.
005
0.01
0.01
50.
020.
025
TotalWhiteBlack
● ●● ● ● ● ● ●
●● ● ●
● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●●
● ● ●
● ●
●
●
●●
●
●
●
●
● ●
For Females
2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011
Year
Proportion of Children in Foster Care on September 30
![Page 66: Cumulative Risks of Confirmed Maltreatment and Foster Care ......I National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System. I According to the Children’s Bureau,\The NCANDS is a voluntary data](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042318/5f07f4957e708231d41f99ae/html5/thumbnails/66.jpg)
● ●● ● ● ● ● ●
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●
●
●●
●●
●
●
●●
●●
● ● ● ● ● ●●
● ● ●
For Males
Pro
port
ion
of C
hild
ren
2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011
00.
005
0.01
0.01
50.
020.
025
TotalWhiteBlackHispanic Origin
● ●● ● ● ● ● ●
●● ● ●
● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●●
● ● ●
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●
●
●●
●
●
●
●
● ●
●●
● ● ● ● ● ●●
● ● ●
For Females
2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011
Year
Proportion of Children in Foster Care on September 30
![Page 67: Cumulative Risks of Confirmed Maltreatment and Foster Care ......I National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System. I According to the Children’s Bureau,\The NCANDS is a voluntary data](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042318/5f07f4957e708231d41f99ae/html5/thumbnails/67.jpg)
● ●● ● ● ● ● ●
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●
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● ● ● ● ● ●●
● ● ●
● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●
For Males
Pro
port
ion
of C
hild
ren
2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011
00.
005
0.01
0.01
50.
020.
025
TotalWhiteBlackHispanic OriginAsian
● ●● ● ● ● ● ●
●● ● ●
● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●●
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●
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● ● ●
● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●
For Females
2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011
Year
Proportion of Children in Foster Care on September 30
![Page 68: Cumulative Risks of Confirmed Maltreatment and Foster Care ......I National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System. I According to the Children’s Bureau,\The NCANDS is a voluntary data](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042318/5f07f4957e708231d41f99ae/html5/thumbnails/68.jpg)
● ●● ● ● ● ● ●
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●
● ●●
●
●● ●
●
●
●●
For Males
Pro
port
ion
of C
hild
ren
2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011
00.
005
0.01
0.01
50.
020.
025
TotalWhiteBlackHispanic OriginAsianNative American
● ●● ● ● ● ● ●
●● ● ●
● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●●
● ● ●
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●
●●
●
●
●●
●●
●
● ●
For Females
2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011
Year
Proportion of Children in Foster Care on September 30
![Page 69: Cumulative Risks of Confirmed Maltreatment and Foster Care ......I National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System. I According to the Children’s Bureau,\The NCANDS is a voluntary data](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042318/5f07f4957e708231d41f99ae/html5/thumbnails/69.jpg)
5. Risks highest for the very young
![Page 70: Cumulative Risks of Confirmed Maltreatment and Foster Care ......I National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System. I According to the Children’s Bureau,\The NCANDS is a voluntary data](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042318/5f07f4957e708231d41f99ae/html5/thumbnails/70.jpg)
●
●●
●● ●
●●
● ● ●● ●
● ● ●●
●
For Males
Pro
port
ion
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16
00.
010.
020.
030.
04
●
●●
●●
● ●●
●● ● ● ●
● ● ●●
●
For Females
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16
Age
Age−Specific Risk for First Confirmed Maltreatment, 2005
Total
![Page 71: Cumulative Risks of Confirmed Maltreatment and Foster Care ......I National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System. I According to the Children’s Bureau,\The NCANDS is a voluntary data](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042318/5f07f4957e708231d41f99ae/html5/thumbnails/71.jpg)
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●
For Males
Pro
port
ion
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16
00.
010.
020.
030.
04
●
●●
●●
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●
●
●●
● ●●
● ● ● ● ● ● ●● ● ●
●
●
For Females
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16
Age
Age−Specific Risk for First Confirmed Maltreatment, 2005
Total White
![Page 72: Cumulative Risks of Confirmed Maltreatment and Foster Care ......I National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System. I According to the Children’s Bureau,\The NCANDS is a voluntary data](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042318/5f07f4957e708231d41f99ae/html5/thumbnails/72.jpg)
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For Males
Pro
port
ion
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16
00.
010.
020.
030.
04
●
●●
●●
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●
●
●
●
●
●
●● ●
●
●●
● ● ●● ● ●
●
●
For Females
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16
Age
Age−Specific Risk for First Confirmed Maltreatment, 2005
Total WhiteBlack
![Page 73: Cumulative Risks of Confirmed Maltreatment and Foster Care ......I National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System. I According to the Children’s Bureau,\The NCANDS is a voluntary data](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042318/5f07f4957e708231d41f99ae/html5/thumbnails/73.jpg)
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For Males
Pro
port
ion
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16
00.
010.
020.
030.
04
●
●●
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●
●
●
●●
●● ● ● ● ●
● ● ●●
● ● ●
●
●
For Females
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16
Age
Age−Specific Risk for First Confirmed Maltreatment, 2005
Total WhiteBlackHispanic Origin
![Page 74: Cumulative Risks of Confirmed Maltreatment and Foster Care ......I National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System. I According to the Children’s Bureau,\The NCANDS is a voluntary data](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042318/5f07f4957e708231d41f99ae/html5/thumbnails/74.jpg)
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●●
●● ● ●
●● ●
●● ● ● ● ●
●
●
●
● ● ●●
● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●
For Males
Pro
port
ion
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16
00.
010.
020.
030.
04
●
●●
●●
● ●●
●● ● ● ●
● ● ●●
●
●
●●
● ●●
● ● ● ● ● ● ●● ● ●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●● ●
●
●●
● ● ●● ● ●
●
●
●
●●
●● ● ● ● ●
● ● ●●
● ● ●
●
●●
● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●● ● ● ●
● ● ● ●●
For Females
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16
Age
Age−Specific Risk for First Confirmed Maltreatment, 2005
Total WhiteBlackHispanic OriginAsian
![Page 75: Cumulative Risks of Confirmed Maltreatment and Foster Care ......I National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System. I According to the Children’s Bureau,\The NCANDS is a voluntary data](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042318/5f07f4957e708231d41f99ae/html5/thumbnails/75.jpg)
●
●●
●● ●
●●
● ● ●● ●
● ● ●●
●
●
● ●●
●●
● ●● ● ●
● ● ● ● ●●
●
●
●
●
●
● ●●
●●
●●
● ●
● ● ●●
●
●
●●
●● ● ●
●● ●
●● ● ● ● ●
●
●
●
● ● ●●
● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●
●
●
●
●
●●
●
● ●
●● ●
●●
● ●●
●
For Males
Pro
port
ion
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16
00.
010.
020.
030.
04
●
●●
●●
● ●●
●● ● ● ●
● ● ●●
●
●
●●
● ●●
● ● ● ● ● ● ●● ● ●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●● ●
●
●●
● ● ●● ● ●
●
●
●
●●
●● ● ● ● ●
● ● ●●
● ● ●
●
●●
● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●● ● ● ●
● ● ● ●●
●
●
●
● ●●
●
● ● ●
●● ● ● ●
●●
●
For Females
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16
Age
Age−Specific Risk for First Confirmed Maltreatment, 2005
Total WhiteBlackHispanic OriginAsianNative American
![Page 76: Cumulative Risks of Confirmed Maltreatment and Foster Care ......I National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System. I According to the Children’s Bureau,\The NCANDS is a voluntary data](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042318/5f07f4957e708231d41f99ae/html5/thumbnails/76.jpg)
●
●●
● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●●
●● ●
●
For Males
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16
00.
005
0.01
0.01
50.
020.
025
0.03
0.03
50.
04 Total
●
●●
●● ● ●
● ● ● ● ● ●●
● ●●
●
For Females
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16
Age
Pro
port
ion
Age−Specific Risks of First−Time Foster Care Placement, 2005
![Page 77: Cumulative Risks of Confirmed Maltreatment and Foster Care ......I National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System. I According to the Children’s Bureau,\The NCANDS is a voluntary data](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042318/5f07f4957e708231d41f99ae/html5/thumbnails/77.jpg)
●
●●
● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●●
●● ●
●
●
●●
●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●
● ● ● ●
●
For Males
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16
00.
005
0.01
0.01
50.
020.
025
0.03
0.03
50.
04 TotalWhite
●
●●
●● ● ●
● ● ● ● ● ●●
● ●●
●
●
●●
●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●
●●
● ●
●
For Females
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16
Age
Pro
port
ion
Age−Specific Risks of First−Time Foster Care Placement, 2005
![Page 78: Cumulative Risks of Confirmed Maltreatment and Foster Care ......I National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System. I According to the Children’s Bureau,\The NCANDS is a voluntary data](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042318/5f07f4957e708231d41f99ae/html5/thumbnails/78.jpg)
●
●●
● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●●
●● ●
●
●
●●
●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●
● ● ● ●
●
●
●
●●
● ● ● ●● ● ● ●
●
●●
●
●
●
For Males
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16
00.
005
0.01
0.01
50.
020.
025
0.03
0.03
50.
04 TotalWhiteBlack
●
●●
●● ● ●
● ● ● ● ● ●●
● ●●
●
●
●●
●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●
●●
● ●
●
●
●
●●
● ● ●● ●
● ● ● ●
●
● ●●
●
For Females
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16
Age
Pro
port
ion
Age−Specific Risks of First−Time Foster Care Placement, 2005
![Page 79: Cumulative Risks of Confirmed Maltreatment and Foster Care ......I National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System. I According to the Children’s Bureau,\The NCANDS is a voluntary data](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042318/5f07f4957e708231d41f99ae/html5/thumbnails/79.jpg)
●
●●
● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●●
●● ●
●
●
●●
●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●
● ● ● ●
●
●
●
●●
● ● ● ●● ● ● ●
●
●●
●
●
●
●
●●
● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●●
● ●
●
For Males
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16
00.
005
0.01
0.01
50.
020.
025
0.03
0.03
50.
04 TotalWhiteBlackHispanic Origin
●
●●
●● ● ●
● ● ● ● ● ●●
● ●●
●
●
●●
●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●
●●
● ●
●
●
●
●●
● ● ●● ●
● ● ● ●
●
● ●●
●
●
●● ●
● ● ●● ●
● ● ● ●●
● ●●
●
For Females
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16
Age
Pro
port
ion
Age−Specific Risks of First−Time Foster Care Placement, 2005
![Page 80: Cumulative Risks of Confirmed Maltreatment and Foster Care ......I National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System. I According to the Children’s Bureau,\The NCANDS is a voluntary data](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042318/5f07f4957e708231d41f99ae/html5/thumbnails/80.jpg)
●
●●
● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●●
●● ●
●
●
●●
●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●
● ● ● ●
●
●
●
●●
● ● ● ●● ● ● ●
●
●●
●
●
●
●
●●
● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●●
● ●
●
●
● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●● ● ● ● ●
For Males
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16
00.
005
0.01
0.01
50.
020.
025
0.03
0.03
50.
04 TotalWhiteBlackHispanic OriginAsian
●
●●
●● ● ●
● ● ● ● ● ●●
● ●●
●
●
●●
●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●
●●
● ●
●
●
●
●●
● ● ●● ●
● ● ● ●
●
● ●●
●
●
●● ●
● ● ●● ●
● ● ● ●●
● ●●
●
●
● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●
●
For Females
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16
Age
Pro
port
ion
Age−Specific Risks of First−Time Foster Care Placement, 2005
![Page 81: Cumulative Risks of Confirmed Maltreatment and Foster Care ......I National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System. I According to the Children’s Bureau,\The NCANDS is a voluntary data](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042318/5f07f4957e708231d41f99ae/html5/thumbnails/81.jpg)
●
●●
● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●●
●● ●
●
●
●●
●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●
● ● ● ●
●
●
●
●●
● ● ● ●● ● ● ●
●
●●
●
●
●
●
●●
● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●●
● ●
●
●
● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●● ● ● ● ●
●
●
●
● ●
●
●
● ●
●
● ●●
● ●
●
●
●
For Males
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16
00.
005
0.01
0.01
50.
020.
025
0.03
0.03
50.
04 TotalWhiteBlackHispanic OriginAsianNative American
●
●●
●● ● ●
● ● ● ● ● ●●
● ●●
●
●
●●
●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●
●●
● ●
●
●
●
●●
● ● ●● ●
● ● ● ●
●
● ●●
●
●
●● ●
● ● ●● ●
● ● ● ●●
● ●●
●
●
● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●
●
●
● ●
●
●
●● ●
●●
●●
● ●
●●
●
●
For Females
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16
Age
Pro
port
ion
Age−Specific Risks of First−Time Foster Care Placement, 2005
![Page 82: Cumulative Risks of Confirmed Maltreatment and Foster Care ......I National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System. I According to the Children’s Bureau,\The NCANDS is a voluntary data](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042318/5f07f4957e708231d41f99ae/html5/thumbnails/82.jpg)
6. High cumulative prevalence
![Page 83: Cumulative Risks of Confirmed Maltreatment and Foster Care ......I National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System. I According to the Children’s Bureau,\The NCANDS is a voluntary data](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042318/5f07f4957e708231d41f99ae/html5/thumbnails/83.jpg)
●
●●
● ●● ●
●
For Males
Cum
ulat
ive
Ris
k
2004 2006 2008 2010
00.
050.
10.
150.
20.
25
●
●●
● ●● ● ●
For Females
2004 2006 2008 2010
Year
Cumulative Risk of Confirmed Maltreatment by Demographic Group
Total
![Page 84: Cumulative Risks of Confirmed Maltreatment and Foster Care ......I National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System. I According to the Children’s Bureau,\The NCANDS is a voluntary data](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042318/5f07f4957e708231d41f99ae/html5/thumbnails/84.jpg)
●
●●
● ●● ●
●
●
●●
● ●●
●●
For Males
Cum
ulat
ive
Ris
k
2004 2006 2008 2010
00.
050.
10.
150.
20.
25
●
●●
● ●● ● ●
●
●●
● ●●
● ●
For Females
2004 2006 2008 2010
Year
Cumulative Risk of Confirmed Maltreatment by Demographic Group
Total White
![Page 85: Cumulative Risks of Confirmed Maltreatment and Foster Care ......I National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System. I According to the Children’s Bureau,\The NCANDS is a voluntary data](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042318/5f07f4957e708231d41f99ae/html5/thumbnails/85.jpg)
●
●●
● ●● ●
●
●
●●
● ●●
●●
●
●
●
●●
●● ●
For Males
Cum
ulat
ive
Ris
k
2004 2006 2008 2010
00.
050.
10.
150.
20.
25
●
●●
● ●● ● ●
●
●●
● ●●
● ●
●
●
●
●●
● ● ●
For Females
2004 2006 2008 2010
Year
Cumulative Risk of Confirmed Maltreatment by Demographic Group
Total WhiteBlack
![Page 86: Cumulative Risks of Confirmed Maltreatment and Foster Care ......I National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System. I According to the Children’s Bureau,\The NCANDS is a voluntary data](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042318/5f07f4957e708231d41f99ae/html5/thumbnails/86.jpg)
●
●●
● ●● ●
●
●
●●
● ●●
●●
●
●
●
●●
●● ●
●
● ●
●●
●●
●
For Males
Cum
ulat
ive
Ris
k
2004 2006 2008 2010
00.
050.
10.
150.
20.
25
●
●●
● ●● ● ●
●
●●
● ●●
● ●
●
●
●
●●
● ● ●
●
● ●
●●
● ●●
For Females
2004 2006 2008 2010
Year
Cumulative Risk of Confirmed Maltreatment by Demographic Group
Total WhiteBlackHispanic Origin
![Page 87: Cumulative Risks of Confirmed Maltreatment and Foster Care ......I National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System. I According to the Children’s Bureau,\The NCANDS is a voluntary data](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042318/5f07f4957e708231d41f99ae/html5/thumbnails/87.jpg)
●
●●
● ●● ●
●
●
●●
● ●●
●●
●
●
●
●●
●● ●
●
● ●
●●
●●
●
●●
●● ● ●
● ●
For Males
Cum
ulat
ive
Ris
k
2004 2006 2008 2010
00.
050.
10.
150.
20.
25
●
●●
● ●● ● ●
●
●●
● ●●
● ●
●
●
●
●●
● ● ●
●
● ●
●●
● ●●
● ●●
●● ●
●●
For Females
2004 2006 2008 2010
Year
Cumulative Risk of Confirmed Maltreatment by Demographic Group
Total WhiteBlackHispanic OriginAsian
![Page 88: Cumulative Risks of Confirmed Maltreatment and Foster Care ......I National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System. I According to the Children’s Bureau,\The NCANDS is a voluntary data](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042318/5f07f4957e708231d41f99ae/html5/thumbnails/88.jpg)
●
●●
● ●● ●
●
●
●●
● ●●
●●
●
●
●
●●
●● ●
●
● ●
●●
●●
●
●●
●● ● ●
● ●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
For Males
Cum
ulat
ive
Ris
k
2004 2006 2008 2010
00.
050.
10.
150.
20.
25
●
●●
● ●● ● ●
●
●●
● ●●
● ●
●
●
●
●●
● ● ●
●
● ●
●●
● ●●
● ●●
●● ●
●●
●
●
●
●
●
●
● ●
For Females
2004 2006 2008 2010
Year
Cumulative Risk of Confirmed Maltreatment by Demographic Group
Total WhiteBlackHispanic OriginAsianNative American
![Page 89: Cumulative Risks of Confirmed Maltreatment and Foster Care ......I National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System. I According to the Children’s Bureau,\The NCANDS is a voluntary data](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042318/5f07f4957e708231d41f99ae/html5/thumbnails/89.jpg)
● ● ● ●●
● ●●
●
●
For Males
2001 2003 2005 2007 2009
00.
030.
060.
090.
120.
15
Total
● ● ● ●●
●●
●
●
●
For Females
2001 2003 2005 2007 2009
Year
Cum
ulat
ive
Ris
k
Cumulative Risk of Foster Care Placement by Age 18
![Page 90: Cumulative Risks of Confirmed Maltreatment and Foster Care ......I National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System. I According to the Children’s Bureau,\The NCANDS is a voluntary data](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042318/5f07f4957e708231d41f99ae/html5/thumbnails/90.jpg)
● ● ● ●●
● ●●
●
●
● ● ● ●●
●●
●
●●
For Males
2001 2003 2005 2007 2009
00.
030.
060.
090.
120.
15
TotalWhite
● ● ● ●●
●●
●
●
●
● ● ● ●●
●●
●
●
●
For Females
2001 2003 2005 2007 2009
Year
Cum
ulat
ive
Ris
k
Cumulative Risk of Foster Care Placement by Age 18
![Page 91: Cumulative Risks of Confirmed Maltreatment and Foster Care ......I National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System. I According to the Children’s Bureau,\The NCANDS is a voluntary data](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042318/5f07f4957e708231d41f99ae/html5/thumbnails/91.jpg)
● ● ● ●●
● ●●
●
●
●●
●●
● ●
●
●
●
●
● ● ● ●●
●●
●
●●
For Males
2001 2003 2005 2007 2009
00.
030.
060.
090.
120.
15
TotalWhiteBlack
● ● ● ●●
●●
●
●
●
●
●
●
● ●●
●
●
●
●
● ● ● ●●
●●
●
●
●
For Females
2001 2003 2005 2007 2009
Year
Cum
ulat
ive
Ris
k
Cumulative Risk of Foster Care Placement by Age 18
![Page 92: Cumulative Risks of Confirmed Maltreatment and Foster Care ......I National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System. I According to the Children’s Bureau,\The NCANDS is a voluntary data](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042318/5f07f4957e708231d41f99ae/html5/thumbnails/92.jpg)
● ● ● ●●
● ●●
●
●
●●
●●
● ●
●
●
●
●
●● ● ●
●● ● ●
●
●● ● ● ●●
●●
●
●●
For Males
2001 2003 2005 2007 2009
00.
030.
060.
090.
120.
15
TotalWhiteBlackHispanic Origin
● ● ● ●●
●●
●
●
●
●
●
●
● ●●
●
●
●
●
●● ● ●
●●
● ●
●
●● ● ● ●●
●●
●
●
●
For Females
2001 2003 2005 2007 2009
Year
Cum
ulat
ive
Ris
k
Cumulative Risk of Foster Care Placement by Age 18
![Page 93: Cumulative Risks of Confirmed Maltreatment and Foster Care ......I National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System. I According to the Children’s Bureau,\The NCANDS is a voluntary data](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042318/5f07f4957e708231d41f99ae/html5/thumbnails/93.jpg)
● ● ● ●●
● ●●
●
●
●●
●●
● ●
●
●
●
●
●● ● ●
●● ● ●
●
●● ● ● ●●
●●
●
●●
● ● ●●
● ●● ● ● ●
For Males
2001 2003 2005 2007 2009
00.
030.
060.
090.
120.
15
TotalWhiteBlackHispanic OriginAsian
● ● ● ●●
●●
●
●
●
●
●
●
● ●●
●
●
●
●
●● ● ●
●●
● ●
●
●● ● ● ●●
●●
●
●
●
● ● ●●
● ●● ● ● ●
For Females
2001 2003 2005 2007 2009
Year
Cum
ulat
ive
Ris
k
Cumulative Risk of Foster Care Placement by Age 18
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For Males
2001 2003 2005 2007 2009
00.
030.
060.
090.
120.
15
TotalWhiteBlackHispanic OriginAsianNative American
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For Females
2001 2003 2005 2007 2009
Year
Cum
ulat
ive
Ris
k
Cumulative Risk of Foster Care Placement by Age 18
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7. Conclusions
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From annual prevalence to cumulative prevalence
I Annual prevalences are low, making inattention reasonable.I Yet cumulative risks are high, making child maltreatment and
foster care placement salient factors shaping child health.I For that to be the case, at least one would have to have
negative effects. (I think it is hard to argue neither will.)
![Page 97: Cumulative Risks of Confirmed Maltreatment and Foster Care ......I National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System. I According to the Children’s Bureau,\The NCANDS is a voluntary data](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042318/5f07f4957e708231d41f99ae/html5/thumbnails/97.jpg)
From annual prevalence to cumulative prevalence
I Annual prevalences are low, making inattention reasonable.I Yet cumulative risks are high, making child maltreatment and
foster care placement salient factors shaping child health.I For that to be the case, at least one would have to have
negative effects. (I think it is hard to argue neither will.)
![Page 98: Cumulative Risks of Confirmed Maltreatment and Foster Care ......I National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System. I According to the Children’s Bureau,\The NCANDS is a voluntary data](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042318/5f07f4957e708231d41f99ae/html5/thumbnails/98.jpg)
From annual prevalence to cumulative prevalence
I Annual prevalences are low, making inattention reasonable.I Yet cumulative risks are high, making child maltreatment and
foster care placement salient factors shaping child health.I For that to be the case, at least one would have to have
negative effects. (I think it is hard to argue neither will.)
![Page 99: Cumulative Risks of Confirmed Maltreatment and Foster Care ......I National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System. I According to the Children’s Bureau,\The NCANDS is a voluntary data](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042318/5f07f4957e708231d41f99ae/html5/thumbnails/99.jpg)
From annual prevalence to cumulative prevalence
I Annual prevalences are low, making inattention reasonable.I Yet cumulative risks are high, making child maltreatment and
foster care placement salient factors shaping child health.I For that to be the case, at least one would have to have
negative effects. (I think it is hard to argue neither will.)
![Page 100: Cumulative Risks of Confirmed Maltreatment and Foster Care ......I National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System. I According to the Children’s Bureau,\The NCANDS is a voluntary data](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042318/5f07f4957e708231d41f99ae/html5/thumbnails/100.jpg)
May also shape child health disparities
I Racial/ethnic disparities in these risks are shockingly high.I 25 percent of Black children and 10 percent of White children
will ever experience confirmed maltreatment, for instance.I Suggests possible consequences for child health disparities.
![Page 101: Cumulative Risks of Confirmed Maltreatment and Foster Care ......I National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System. I According to the Children’s Bureau,\The NCANDS is a voluntary data](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042318/5f07f4957e708231d41f99ae/html5/thumbnails/101.jpg)
May also shape child health disparities
I Racial/ethnic disparities in these risks are shockingly high.I 25 percent of Black children and 10 percent of White children
will ever experience confirmed maltreatment, for instance.I Suggests possible consequences for child health disparities.
![Page 102: Cumulative Risks of Confirmed Maltreatment and Foster Care ......I National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System. I According to the Children’s Bureau,\The NCANDS is a voluntary data](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042318/5f07f4957e708231d41f99ae/html5/thumbnails/102.jpg)
May also shape child health disparities
I Racial/ethnic disparities in these risks are shockingly high.I 25 percent of Black children and 10 percent of White children
will ever experience confirmed maltreatment, for instance.I Suggests possible consequences for child health disparities.
![Page 103: Cumulative Risks of Confirmed Maltreatment and Foster Care ......I National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System. I According to the Children’s Bureau,\The NCANDS is a voluntary data](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042318/5f07f4957e708231d41f99ae/html5/thumbnails/103.jpg)
May also shape child health disparities
I Racial/ethnic disparities in these risks are shockingly high.I 25 percent of Black children and 10 percent of White children
will ever experience confirmed maltreatment, for instance.I Suggests possible consequences for child health disparities.
![Page 104: Cumulative Risks of Confirmed Maltreatment and Foster Care ......I National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System. I According to the Children’s Bureau,\The NCANDS is a voluntary data](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042318/5f07f4957e708231d41f99ae/html5/thumbnails/104.jpg)
8. The two next steps
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Referrals (1) Response (2) Victim (3) Services (4)
Referrals - 100% (3.4 Million Referrals 6.2 Million Children)
Screened In - 61% (2 Million Referrals 3.7 Million Children)
Screened Out – 39% (1.4 Million Referrals 2.5 Million Children)
Non-Victims - 47% (2.4 Million Children)
Victims - 14% (681,000 Children)
None - 6% (315,000 Children) In-Home – 4% (224,000 children) Foster Care – 2%
Foster Care–1%
In-Home – 12% (645,000 Children)
None- 35% (1.7 Million Children)
100% Combined 4%
(228,000 children) (
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Referrals (1) Response (2) Victim (3) Services (4)
Referrals - 100% (3.4 Million Referrals 6.2 Million Children)
Screened In - 61% (2 Million Referrals 3.7 Million Children)
Screened Out – 39% (1.4 Million Referrals 2.5 Million Children)
Non-Victims - 47% (2.4 Million Children)
Victims - 14% (681,000 Children)
None - 6% (315,000 Children) In-Home – 4% (224,000 children) Foster Care – 2%
Foster Care–1%
In-Home – 12% (645,000 Children)
None- 35% (1.7 Million Children)
100% Combined 4%
(228,000 children) (
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Cumulative Percentage Experiencing Placement
0-2 2-6 6-12
12-20
20-30 30+
Cumulative Risk of Foster Care Placement by Age 182005
Total White Black
Hispanic Origin Asian Native American
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9. Thanks so much for your time