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Cyber-Physical Cloud(y) Computing: Good News, Bad News and
Looking Forward
Haibo Chen
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What is CPCC?
A cloudy definition by NIST of US
“a system environment that can rapidly build, modify and provision cyber-physical systems composed of a set of cloud computing based sensor, processing, control, and data services”-- A Vision of Cyber Physical Cloud Computing for Smart Networked Systems, NIST Interagency/Internal Report (NISTIR) – 7951
CPCC, another buzzy word? a hype or a virtue?
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A Picture on CPCC
Source: Kyoung-sook Kim, JPGrid/Workshop38
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Good News of CPCC
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Cloud-assisted Smarter Physical Wolds
A good example of win-win situation with feedback loops
Cloud has abundant resources, essentially breaks resource scarcity of physical worlds
Physical worlds help design better
cloud, provide better services
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Google Driverless Card
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PreCrime (APSys 2014)Offload the detection phase to cloud
Reduce performance overheadFlexibly adding /adjusting detecting policy
Speculative execution one step aheadPrevent malicious behavior from happeningMitigate state explosion problem
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CrowdAtlas (Mobisys’13, Wang et al.)
http://grid.sjtu.edu.cn/mapupdate/
Problem: Inaccuracy of manually created digital road maps
Solution: CrowdAtlas, which automates map update based on people's travels (individually or crowdsourced)
Using mobile navigation app detects significant portions of GPS traces that do not conform to the existing map
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GeoFence (ACM SIGSPATIAL GIS Cup’13)
Geo-fencingAdvertisements Children location services…
From xxx
Sales!
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Bad News of CPCC
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Cyber Systems Meet Physical Worlds
Unique Feature of Cyber SystemsRemember “Worse is better design” slogan in computer systems design-Richard P. Gabriel
Design systems almost work!
“Unix and C are the ultimate computer viruses.”
Traditional Physical systemsSmall, fixed functionality
Carefully designed, modeled and/or verified
Buckets effect of securityLow security/reliability guarantees Cloud?
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Name: HaiboSalary: 100$Creditcard: 8621 4579…
Is a rich guy?
Inside Threats to Cloud Services
VM (with private data)
ResultsStorage
Internet
Cloud
Modified VM
YES!
Can we believe in cloud?“invisibly access unencrypted data in its facility”- Gartner, 2008
Haibo
NO!Yes!
VMM
ControlVM
VMM(malicious)
ControlVM
Name: HaiboSalary: 100$Creditcard: 8621 4579…
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Reason#1: curious or malicious operators
..., peeking in on emails, chats and Google Talk call logs for several months …
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Reason#2: huge TCB for cloud
VMM Dom0 Kernel Tools TCB0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000
9000
Xen Code Size
KLO
Cs 2.0
3.0
4.0
VMM
Trusted Computing Base
Control VM
Tools
Kernel
GuestVM
The TCB is growing to 9 Million LOCs by 2011
One point of penetration leads to full compromise
37 security issues are found in Xen and 53 in VMWare by Oct 2010. [CVE’12]
The virtualization stack should be untrusted
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Location Privacy Leaks
How Cell Phone Helped Cops Nail Key Murder Suspect – Secret “Pings” that Gave Bouncer AwayNew York, NY, March 15, 2006
Stalker Victims Should Check For GPSMilwaukee, WI, February 6, 2003
A Face Is Exposed for AOL Searcher No. 4417749New York, NY, August 9, 2006
Real time celebrity sightingshttp://www.gawker.com/stalker/
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The Matrix Reloaded
Image source: http://nextviewventures.com
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Security
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Look forward?
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Building Dependable CPCC
Formal/code verification e.g., seL4: https://github.com/seL4
Well-defined boundary between cyber/physical worlds
Building trusted systems from untrusted (cloud) services
Fault ResistantFault containment
Redundancy
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More Seamless Cyber/Physical Cloud
How to seamless and cooperatively build both cyber and physical systems?
New program models is needed!
New systems software foundatione.g., HomeOS (NDSI’14),
Building Operating System Services (NSDI’13)
Tools for support building cyber/physical cloud
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Questions
Thanks
CyberPhysicalCloud(y) Computing
http://ipads.se.sjtu.edu.cn
Institute of Parallel and Distributed Systems