Cycles in Nature
Chapter 2 Section 1
The Cycles of Matter
The Cycles of Matter
1. What is matter? Anything that takes up space and has
mass Used over and over again
2. How old is the matter in your body? It has been on Earth since it was
formed billions of years ago
Water Cycle Movement of
water among oceans, atmosphere, land, and living things
Water Cycle
1. Precipitation Happens when water moves from the
atmosphere to land and oceansRain, snow, sleet , and hail
Water Cycle
2. Evaporation The sun’s heat causes water to
change from liquid to vapor
Water Cycle 3. Condensation
When water vapor cools it forms a liquid that can fall back to Earth as precipitation
Water Cycle
4. Ground Water A. Water that is found underground
and stored in caverns or porous rock B. May stay in the ground for
hundreds or thousands of years C. Provides water to soil, streams,
rivers, and oceans
Water Cycle 5. Transpiration
A. Plants move water vapor into the atmosphere
B. Plants do this by releasing water vapor through tiny openings in their leaves
Water and Life A. Our body is made up of 70%
water B. Water carries waste away from
our body tissues C. Water helps regulate body
temperature through perspiration “sweating” and evaporation This way of returning water to the
environment is called- transpiration
Bell Work Draw the water cycle in your science notebook or
science binder Include in your drawing pictures and explanations for
the process Your drawing should include
Evaporation Condensation Precipitation Transpiration Groundwater Sun Tree Clouds
Bell Work
What process in the water cycle changes water from a liquid to water vapor (gas)?
What process in the water cycle changes water from a gas to a liquid?
Carbon What is GOOD
about Carbon?
What is BAD about Carbon?
Carbon Cycle
Carbon All living things need carbon because
it is part of all biological molecules (fats, sugars, proteins)
Carbon Cycle Movement of carbon from the
environment into living things and back to the environment
Carbon Cycle 1. Photosynthesis A. How carbon cycles
from the environment into living things
B. Plants use CO2
from the air to make sugars (or their own food)
C. Animals get carbon they need from eating plants
Carbon Cycle 2. Cellular
Respiration A. How carbon returns
to the environment from living things
B. Living things break down sugar molecules to release energy
C. During this process, CO2 and water are released
Photosynthesis/Cellular Respiration Equations
Photosynthesis(process of changing light energy into
chemical energy)Sunlight+CO2+water (produces) glucose+O2
Cellular Respiration(process when cells break down food to get
energy)Glucose+O2 (produces) Energy+CO2+water
Bell Work
Name the process in the carbon cycle where carbon is moved from the environment into living things?
Hint (What process uses carbon dioxide (CO2)?
Carbon Cycle 3. Decomposition A. Break down of
dead material into CO2 and H2O
B. When fungi and bacteria decompose organic matter, they return CO2 to the environment
Carbon Cycle 4. Combustion A. Process of burning
fossil fuels B. Fossil fuels-
materials that are slowly formed underground from the remains of plants and animals that died million of years ago
Carbon Cycle (combustion cont.) C. Carbon in coal, oil,
and natural gas return to atmosphere as CO2 when these fossil fuels are burned
D. Combustion provides the fuel people need to drive cars, heat homes, and make electricity
E. Deforestation-removal of forests
Carbon Cycle Practice Quiz
Demo/Quiz
How has Carbon Dioxide levels changed in the atmosphere?
A. CO2 in the atmosphere has increased since the burning of more fossil fuels
B. Many scientists believe that extra CO2 from fossil fuels is adding to global warming
Carbon Dioxide in the Atmosphere
Carbon Cycle Draw the carbon cycle in your science
notebook or science binder Include in your drawing pictures and
explanations for the process Your drawing should include:
Photosynthesis Cellular RespirationDecomposition CombustionTree or plants AnimalsFossil fuels Use of fossil fuelsDeforestation
Quiz Review 1. Where does most of Earth’s
precipitation fall? 2. What is the process where
sunlight, carbon dioxide (CO2), and water is used to make glucose?
3. What is the process where glucose is broken down for energy and carbon dioxide is released?
Quiz Review 4. What are fossil fuels? Name 3
examples. 5. Name 3 ways carbon dioxide is
transferred from living things into the environment?
6. What is the water cycle process where liquid water returns to the atmosphere?
Quiz Review
7. What is the process called when water vapor cools? And what is formed?
8. What is deforestation? 9. What is released during
decomposition? 10. Where is carbon found?
Nitrogen Cycle The movement of
nitrogen from the environment to living things and back again
Nitrogen Cycle A. 78% of the Earth’s
atmosphere is nitrogen gas (N2)
B. Most organisms can not use the nitrogen in the air they breathe
C. Living things need nitrogen to make proteins
How do living things get nitrogen?A.Nitrogen fixation-when bacteria in the soil change nitrogen gas into a formed that can be used by plants
B. Most animals get their nitrogen they need from eating plants
Nitrogen Cycle D. Animal wastes
return nitrogen back to the soil and plants use this nitrogen
E. When plant or animals die, decomposers break down the remains and nitrogen recycles back into the soil
Nitrogen Cycle
How does nitrogen get from the soil back into the atmosphere? Denitrification-to take nitrogen out of
the soil and change it to nitrogen gas that is released into the atmosphere
Denitrifying bacteria produce nitrogen gas as a waste that is released in the atmosphere and completes the cycle
Fungi How is this fungi
important to the carbon cycle?
Manure (animal waste) Why is this farmer
spreading manure on the field?
Explain the importance of this procedure in the nitrogen cycle?
Bell Work 1. Why do we need nitrogen?
2. What is the process when bacteria change nitrogen into a usable form that can be used by plants?
3. What is the process when bacteria take nitrogen out of the soil and change it to a gas that is released in the atmosphere?
Ammonia NH3
Question 21
Review (pages 42-43 in text book)
Answer 1-3, 6-7, 9-12 14 19 24-25