Download - Cycles of Matter
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Cycles of Matter
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MATTER CYCLING IN ECOSYSTEMS
Nutrient Cycles: Global Recycling Global Cycles recycle nutrients through the
earth’s air, land, water, and living organisms. Nutrients are the elements and compounds that
organisms need to live, grow, and reproduce. Biogeochemical cycles move these substances
through air, water, soil, rock and living organisms.
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Hydrogen Cycle
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We alter the water cycle by:
Withdrawing large amounts of freshwater. Clearing vegetation and eroding soils. Polluting surface and underground water. Contributing to climate change.
Effects of Human Activities
on Water Cycle
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Answer the handout water cycle
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Oxygen-Carbon Cycle
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We alter the carbon cycle by adding excess CO2 to the atmosphere through:
Burning fossil fuels. Clearing vegetation faster
than it is replaced.
Effects of Human Activities on Carbon Cycle
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Nitrogen Cycle
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Nitrogen can exists either solid, liquid, or gas.
In the atmosphere nitrogen gas makes up 78% of the atmosphere. However, nitrogen must be converted or FIXED by bacteria before it can be used by others.
Where can you find Nitrogen?
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Nitrogen fixation occurs when bacteria
(rhizobium) converts Nitrogen gas into organic compounds that living things can take up.
Step 1: Nitrogen Fixation
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In this process, bacteria (rhizobium) in soil or
fungi will convert Nitrogen into AMMONIUM IONS
Step 2: Ammonification
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A 2- step process:
Soil bacteria (Rhizobium) converts ammonium ions into NITRITE ions
Soil bacteria (rhizobium) then convert Nitrite ions into NITRATE
Step 3: Nitrification
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In this process, NITRATES are converted to
Nitrogen gas, which are then released to the atmosphere.
Step 4: Denitrification
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When living things/ organisms take up
NITROGEN
Step 5: Assimilation
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We alter the nitrogen cycle by:
Adding gases that contribute to acid rain. Adding nitrous oxide to the atmosphere through
farming practices which can warm the atmosphere and deplete ozone.
Contaminating ground water from nitrate ions in inorganic fertilizers.
Releasing nitrogen into the troposphere through deforestation.
Effects of Human Activities on the Nitrogen Cycle
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Human activities such as
production of fertilizers now fix more nitrogen than all natural sources combined.
Effects of Human Activities on the Nitrogen Cycle