Cytoplasm
Cytoskeleton
NucleusNucleolus
Ribosomes
Rough E.R.
Smooth E.R.
Plasma Membrane
Golgi Apparatus
Mitochondria
Vacuole
Lysosome
Plasma Membrane
The Plasma Membrane of cells are made up of a PHOSPHOLIPID BILAYER
Hydrophilic Head
Hydrophobic Tails
“water-loving”
“water-fearing”
PHOSPHOLIPID
The Plasma Membrane of cells also have
PROTEINS and CHOLESTEROL• Help movement
across the membrane
• Detect materials outside the cell
• Help keep the membrane fluid and wavy
___IN___Nutrients- sugars (glucose)- proteins- fatsSaltsO2
H2O
___OUT___Waste- ammonia- salts- CO2
Products- Proteins
H2O
INSID
EO
UTSID
E• Uncharged smaller particles can pass through the
membrane• Charged particles (+/-) or large particles cannot
LIPIDS O2CO2
SALT+/-
WASTES
STARCH GLUCOSE
Large and/or charged particles must use Transport Proteins or Protein Channels to pass through the plasma membrane
Simple Diffusion vs. Facilitated Diffusion
• Move from HIGH to LOW through a transport protein
• Move from HIGH to LOW directly through the lipid bilayer
Passive Transport: diffusion occurs down the Concentration Gradient
Sometimes, transport needs to occur AGAINST the Concentration Gradient
Example: Glucose
Cells must use ACTIVE TRANSPORT to go against the gradient
Active Transport uses ATP Energy to push materials from LOW to HIGH concentration
Simple Diffusion
Facilitated Diffusion
Passiv
e
Tran
sp
ort
Active Transport
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=prfMUwjobo8
How does endocytosis and exocytosis work?
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XdCrZm_JAp0