POWERTRAIN ENGINEERING
TESTS and SERVICES(extract)
3 locations in France
D2T POWERTRAIN ENGINEERING - 11 rue Denis Papin - CS70533 - F-78190 Trappes Cedex - Tel.: +33 (0)1 30 13 07 07
www.d2t.com
Powertrain EngineeringGeneral information
With more than 20 years of experience, D2T, which has partneredboth carmakers and equipment suppliers, is specialized in powertrain engineering, development and tuning of internal combustion engines.
D2TD2T: MAIN PRIV: MAIN PRIVAATE FRENCH R&D CENTERTE FRENCH R&D CENTER (after OEM)in the field of engines, powertrains and test systems.
GENERALGENERAL INFORMAINFORMATIONTIOND2T - DRECQ DANIEL TECHNOLOGIESHeadquarters and offices: Z.A de Trappes-Elancourt - 11 rue Denis Papin78190 TRAPPES - FRANCETél. : +33 (0)1 30 13 07 07 - Fax : +33 (0)1 30 13 07 10
www.d2t.comInformations: [email protected]
President: André QUIGNODONManaging Director: Gaétan MONNIER
Company with a capital of 9 122 101 € - RC Versailles BSiret 400 286 688 00025 - APE 7112B - VAT: FR-76 400 286 688
Certification: UTAC SQ/11 38-S - ISO 9001 version 2008
CONTENTSCONTENTSENGINE ARCHITECTURE 4ENGINE CALIBRATION - Gasoline & Diesel 7ENDURANCE 8EMISSIONS AFTER TREATMENT 10CHASSIS DYNAMOMETER TESTING 11GEARBOX/TRANSMISSION TESTING 12SUBSYSTEM TESTS 13STANDARD TESTING FOR LUBRICANTS 15OTHER SERVICES 16
YOUR CONTYOUR CONTACTSACTSSales department: +33 (0)1 30 13 07 53
D2T is a strategic subsidiary of IFP Energies nouvelles
Engine architectureDynamometer
CHARACTERIZACHARACTERIZATION OF FUNCTIONSTION OF FUNCTIONS
ADJUSTMENT OF TURBO COMPRESSORS- Adjustment of dynamic turbo response time, e-turbo characteriza-tion, measurement of oil consumption of a turbo and its permeability.
CHARACTERIZATION OF ELEMENTS RESPONSIVE TO DYNAMICS- Characterization of functions (turbo response times and pumping,
lubrication circuit under strong transients, etc.
CHARACTERIZACHARACTERIZATION OF FUNCTIONSTION OF FUNCTIONS
CHARACTERIZATION OF DISTRIBUTION DRIVES- Measurement of belt flap and high-speed video analysis of
the interlocking responsible for the failures
MEASUREMENTS OF INSTANTANEOUS CONSTRAINTS- Measurement of instantaneous drive distribution torque,
accessories, etc.
OIL REMOVAL ADJUSTMENT- MAP of geometry of compressed air filters (oil removers) and
characterization of their efficiency
COMBUSTION MODEL RESETTING- Resetting of combustion models with regard to various points,
possibly resulting from an experimental design
INTERNAL AERODYNAMIC ADJUSTMENTEvaluation of the engine's internal aerodynamic solutions
Engine architectureEddy current brake
Engine architectureEddy current brake
VIBRAVIBRATIONALTIONAL CHARACTERIZACHARACTERIZATIONTION
OPERATIONAL DEFLECTED CURVE OF EXHAUST LINE- Operational deflected curve of exhaust line
OPERATIONAL DEFLECTED CURVE ON GMP (POWERTRAIN)
VEHICLE TRANSFER FUNCTION
VIBRATIONAL MEASUREMENT ON ENGINE ELEMENTS- Vibrational measurements on the elements of the engine
(e.g., alternator) to identify the level and frequencies of vibration
PRODUCTION COMPLIANCEPRODUCTION COMPLIANCE
BEDDING IN/BENDING
SPECIALSPECIAL FUELS TESTING (drums or tFUELS TESTING (drums or tank)ank)
AGING OF AFTERTREATMENT SYSTEMS- Accelerated aging of aftertreatment system or systems
EXPORT ENGINE CALIBRATION- Complete calibration for engine destined for export
KNOCK CALIBRATION
ROBUSTNESS OF ENGINE- Ability of engine to handle exotic fuel
ROBUSTNESS OF EXHAUST GAS TREATMENT- Ability of the engine's exhaust gas treatment system
to handle exotic fuel
EXHAUST GAS TREAEXHAUST GAS TREATMENT SYSTEMTMENT SYSTEM
ADJUSTMENT OF EGR SYSTEMS- Implementation and testing on diesel or gasoline
EGR systems, supercooled or not
THERMALTHERMAL
THERMAL BALANCE- Thermal balance: measurement of energy introduced by
the fuel and useful and lost energy totals
THERMOMANAGEMENT- Thermomanagement: Optimization of an engine's firing
with control of one or more thermostats
THERMOMETRY- Engine thermometry or engine operation.
Number of measurement pathways not unlimited.
Engine architectureEddy current brake + dynamometer
CHARACTERIZACHARACTERIZATION OF FUNCTIONSTION OF FUNCTIONS
MATCHING OF TURBOCOMPRESSORS- EGR/SUPERCHRG scanning under partial loads. Detection of
pumping line. Determination of compressor and turbine fields via scanning of gas flow/retention rates. Adjustment of bearings for TGV
CHARACTERIZACHARACTERIZATION TION OF THE LUBRICAOF THE LUBRICATION CIRCUITTION CIRCUIT
OIL CIRCUIT PERMEABILITY- Measurement of pressures at different points and of lubrication
circuit permeability
TESTING OF NUMERICALTESTING OF NUMERICAL MODELMODEL ADJUSTMENTADJUSTMENT
MODEL ADJUSTMENT- Generation of points with scanning of all engine control parameters
influencing combustion
MEASUREMENT OF OILMEASUREMENT OF OIL CONSUMPTIONCONSUMPTION
CHARACTERIZATION OF OIL CONSUMPTION OVER TOTALFIELD OF OPERATION- Measurement via radio-tracer method allowing immediate
identification of consumption at each operating point
MEASUREMENT OF FRICTIONMEASUREMENT OF FRICTION
FRICTION LOSS DURING COMBUSTION- Measurement of engine friction during combustion
(effect of the load, of crankshaft misalignment, etc.)
FRICTION LOSS DURING THERMAL TRANSIENTS- Measurements of losses due to friction when driven part to part or
on firing at the stabilized points of a cycle, during thermal transients
FRICTION LOSS WHEN DRIVEN- Measurement of total engine friction or part by part
Engine calibration- Gasoline & DieselDynamometer
Engine calibration- Gasoline & DieselEddy current brake
CALIBRACALIBRATION OF FUNCTIONSTION OF FUNCTIONS
ADJUSTMENT OF TORQUE STRUCTURE- Validation of torque structure
AIR LOOP ADJUSTMENT- Air loop MAP for a new turbo adaptation
COMBUSTION NOISE- Combustion noise over temperature rise
DESIGN AND CALIBRATION OF NEW STRATEGIES- New strategies
EGR ADJUSTMENT
INJECTION CALIBRATION- Validation of injector mapping
NEW FUEL- Switchover to a new fuel
PERFORMANCE ADJUSTMENT- Performances (full load and dynamic)
PF ADJUSTMENT- PF regeneration
SENSITIVITY- Sensitivity curves (counterpressure, temperature downstream of
exchanger, etc.)
SMOOTH-RUNNING ADJUSTMENT- Smooth-running/noise/reliability positioning
CALIBRACALIBRATION OF FUNCTIONSTION OF FUNCTIONS
ADJUSTMENT OF "FOOT LIFTING" STRATEGIES- Adjustment of strategy when lifting foot from pedal (injector
adjustment, retention of turbo speed, etc.)
SMOOTH-RUNNING PRECALIBRATION- Precalibration of smooth-running before driving
ENGINE CALIBRAENGINE CALIBRATIONTION
TESTING OVER CYCLES- Measurement of parameters (consumption, pollution, PMF)
over driving cycles.
Engine calibration- Gasoline & DieselEddy current brake + dynamometer
FUNCTIONFUNCTION
ENDURANCE OVER CYCLE- Testing of sensitive components during transients (turbos, PF, etc.)
COMPLETE ENGINECOMPLETE ENGINE
ENDURANCE OVER CYCLE- Driving simulation on cycle defined by the client based on vehicle data and driving cycle (speed and gear engaged based on time)
STOP & START ENDURANCE- Validation of engine equipped with Stop & Start function
FUNCTIONFUNCTION
AGING OF GASOLINE OR DIESEL CATALYTIC CONVERTERS
ALTERNATOR
BALANCER SHAFTS
COOLANT AGING
EGR CLOGGING
EXHAUST MANIFOLD
EnduranceDynamometer
EnduranceEddy current brake
CALIBRACALIBRATION OF FUNCTIONSTION OF FUNCTIONS
CMF (FRICTION MAP) CALIBRATION- Validation of friction map
EXHAUST GAS TREATMENT / SPECIFIC CONSUMPTION (SCP)POSITIONING- Positioning of the exhaust gas treatment/specific consumption field
EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN- Experimental designs to determine the numerical model
of the engine
EnduranceEddy current brake
FUNCTIONFUNCTION
INJECTOR CLOGGING
OIL AGING
SPARK PLUGS
TIMING AND ACCESSORY BELTS, HEATED OR NOT
TURBO- Possibility of feeding the turbo with an auxiliary lubrication circuit
to measure its consumption
TURBO CORROSION
VIBRATIONAL
COMPLETE ENGINECOMPLETE ENGINE
CLOGGING
ENDURANCE OVER CYCLE- Endurance on ECE/EUDC cycle; road cycle, urban cycle, etc.
WEAR BEHAVIOR- Measurement of wear behavior: endurance testing interspersed
with disassembly and measurement phases (roughness, geometry, etc.)
IDLE- Idle endurance
LUBRICATION
OVERSPEED
STICKING
THERMAL SHOCKS
WOT- Continuous wide-open throttle
Emissions aftertreatmentEddy current brake
CACATTALALYTIC CONVERTERYTIC CONVERTER
LIGHT OFF EFFICIENCY- Light off before/after aging
DeNOxDeNOx
ADJUSTMENT OF NOX TRAP
ADJUSTMENT OF SCR- Adjustment of SCR HC and/or NH3
DIESELDIESEL PPARTICULAARTICULATE FILTE FILTERTER
DPF ADJUSTMENT- Regenerability study, MSL, CPE characterization, etc.
DPF CHARACTERIZATION- Measurement of efficiency
DPF SOILING- Testing of DPF soiling with combustion residues
Chassis dynamometer testing48 " Chassis dynamometers - 2 and 4 wheel drive
PPASSENGER CARS ASSENGER CARS AND LIGHT DUTYAND LIGHT DUTY VEHICLESVEHICLES
DURABILITY / RELIABILITY- Development and realization of customized durability cycles:
catalyst aging, DPF durability, clutch durability, vehicle, engine or component validation
- Injector or cylinder head fouling cycles
COMPONENT TESTING IN HOT ENVIRONMENT- Alternator validation with several driving cycles
FUNCTIONAL DIAGNOSIS - Validation of engine control functions (EOBD) on regulatory
or customized cycles (NMVEG, Artemis, etc. ...)
EXHAUST EMISSIONS MEASUREMENT- EU, USA and Japan regulatory cycles- Low Temperature Tests (- 7 ° C) - Hybrid vehicles characterization
PERFORMANCE TESTS - Vehicle engine performance characterization
Gearbox/transmission testingHigh torque electric test bed - single or dual shaft
SUBSYSTEM & GEARBOX DURABILITYSUBSYSTEM & GEARBOX DURABILITY TESTSTESTS- Coupling validation
- Lubrication
- Screening
- Shifting mechanism validation
- Tooth, roller bearing and gear shift endurance tests
- Efficiency measurements
VIBRATORY CHARACTERIZATION OF THE GEARBOX UNDER TEST CONDITIONS- Tooth gear performance, bearings cycling
with vibration failure detection
Subsystem testsSubsystems, components, accessories
HEAHEATER UNITTER UNIT- Radiator testing- Measurements: air and coolant flow rate, temperature in and out
and air differential pressure across the radiator at different flow rates and temperatures.
- Motor driven fan tests
SHIFTING SERSHIFTING SERVICE - MANUALVICE - MANUAL GEARBOXGEARBOX- Synchronization tests- Lubricants tests- Selector fork tests- Mechanism tests
MANUALMANUAL GEARBOX FRICTIONGEARBOX FRICTION- Materials tests- Process tests- Lubricants tests
HEAD COMPONENTS TESTINGHEAD COMPONENTS TESTING- Materials validation- Tests: cam shafts, followers, tappets, rollers, water pump pulley,
injection pump pulley, timing belt
GASOLINE & DIESELGASOLINE & DIESEL INJECTION INJECTION CHARACTERIZACHARACTERIZATION TION - Durability tests- Wave of pressure measurements- Pressure and temperature cycling- Corrosion tests
EFFICIENCYEFFICIENCY MEASUREMENTSMEASUREMENTS- Miscellaneous transmissions tests- Engine friction loss tests
THERMOSTTHERMOSTAATS DURABILITYTS DURABILITY- Heat cycling
Subsystem testsSubsystems, components, accessories
AUTAUTOMAOMATIC & MANUALTIC & MANUAL GEARBOX FRICTIONGEARBOX FRICTIONDRDRYY & WET CLUTCHES& WET CLUTCHES- Clutch facing tests- Lubricant development testing
Principle of operationsA flywheel is accelerated to a given kinetic energy level and then stop-ped with an oil immersed clutch pack. Torque curve generated duringbraking, together with applied force on the clutch enable to producefriction coefficient traces which are characteristics of the lubricant andthe friction material. It is also possible to measure breakaway torquejust after dynamic engagement giving then access to clutch capacitydata.
DescriptionA electric motor accelerates a flywheel, inertia of which depends uponprocedures and customer requirements to produce appropriate kineticenergy. Maximum rotating speed is 6 000 rpm. A wet clutch is locatedon the same shaft as the flywheel and used to stop the system by appli-cation of a locking force with an air operated piston. Applied force, airpressure as well as torque force are recorded and friction coefficentsare calculated.A second electric motor, coupled to a worm gear drive can then startthe system and measure the force required to let the clutch slip andhence access the clutch capacity data with «static» friction coefficient.This type of test is commonly applicable to automatic transmissionfluids, and to clutch plates or friction material production control, forboth characterisation and endurance evaluation.
Control and data acquisition system: Labview.
Synchroniser testing machineDurability 3>4
SpeedForceCoefficientDisplacement
Standard testing for lubricantsAnti-wear and extreme pressure performances
LUBRICANT TRIBOMETERS LUBRICANT TRIBOMETERS - FZG machines, 4 ball, 4 ball EP, VKA KRL, Timken, Falex
FZG TestingThis machine is widely used in the lubricant industry for gear lubri-cants evaluation, covering anti-wear, anti-seizure, gear fatigue, shearstability… It is using a 4 square gear system (re-circulating power)with gears operating under controlled torque at variable speeds andtemperatures. Different gear profiles are available depending upon the test destina-tion and both liquid lubricants and greases could be tested on thismachine.The standardised test methods that cover this equipment:- CEC L-07-A-95, - DIN 51354-02,- ASTM D-5182,
4 ball lubricant Tests3 1/2 inch balls are blocked in a support cup, and a fourth is rotated(see drawing) with a controlled load applied. The scar diameter pro-duced at the contact between the rotating ball and the others iscontrolled by the lubricant and might characterise its anti-wear or anti-seizure properties.Depending upon the duration of the test, the temperature, and theload program, the test is referred to as 4 ball wear, or 4 ball E.P. (forExtreme Pressure).A number of methods exist and have been standardised by ASTM,ISO, AFNOR, DIN, IP, … and can be run on these machines.
Lubricant Shear StabilityKRL (Tapered Roller Bearing) procedure. The standardised testmethods are essentially the CEC L-45-A-99 or DIN 51350.This machine is using the 4 Ball apparatus, replacing the conventio-nal mandrel and cup with a tapered roller bearing operating at 60 °Cunder very high load.
Timken E.P. and WearTimken have developed a machine using bearing ring, rotated againsta steel block under load to investigate lubricant properties. Wear pro-tection provided by lubricating oils or greases and load carrying capa-city can be assessed by this equipment. Two such machines are avai-lable for testing (one for liquids and one for greases).The most current standards:- ASTM D-2782 for oils,- D-2509 for greases.
Other ServicesDesign, projects
ANALANALYSIS OF THE CONSEQUENCES YSIS OF THE CONSEQUENCES OF BLOW BYOF BLOW BY GASESGASES- Exhaust emissions measurement
CHANGE OF THE INJECTION SYSTEMCHANGE OF THE INJECTION SYSTEMfor an existing engine basis
ENGINE CALIBRAENGINE CALIBRATION - TION - Gasoline & DieselGasoline & Diesel- New strategies- Change of a new fuel- Switchover to a new fuel - EGR tuning- Intake air loop calibration for a new turbocharger adaptation- Emissions and acoustics- Performance (full load and transient)
DEVELOPMENT OF METHODOLOGIESDEVELOPMENT OF METHODOLOGIESfor an accelerated aging for gasoline and gas engine catalyst
DOE (DESIGN OF EXPERIMENT)DOE (DESIGN OF EXPERIMENT)on the factors influencing a manual gearbox characterization
EMISSIONS EMISSIONS AND DRIVEABILITYAND DRIVEABILITY CALIBRACALIBRATION TION & CALIBRA& CALIBRATION TION ADAPTADAPTAATIONTIONfor Euro 4 light duty vehicles with a robotised gearbox powertrain
ENGINE EXPERTISEENGINE EXPERTISE
IMPIMPACT OF OXYGENAACT OF OXYGENATED FUELSTED FUELSon non restricted exhaust emissions species
IMPIMPACT OF ACT OF ALCOHOLALCOHOL BASED BIOFUELSBASED BIOFUELSon corrosion of aluminium components
METHODOLOGYMETHODOLOGY AND DESIGNAND DESIGNfor a system which permits to characterize an acoustic insulation for an exhaust box
METHODOLOGYMETHODOLOGY DEVELOPMENT EGR DEVELOPMENT EGR exchanger validation
RUNNING TESTS ON ROADRUNNING TESTS ON ROAD
SIMULASIMULATION TION
STSTAATIC TIC ANALANALYSIS YSIS AND EXPERTISE AND EXPERTISE FOR ENGINE FOR ENGINE AND GEAR BOXAND GEAR BOX- Disassembly, metrology, analysis and photography,
study report and quote
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