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Daily Life (1600-1800)
I. IntroII. Society’s StructureIII. Nobility
A. England vs. FrenchIV. The “Masses”
A. Mortality RatesB. FamilyC. Women’s LivesD. Peasant Life
• Pugachev RebellionE. Urban Workers &
GuildsF. Fun/Entertainment
Key Terms• Bourgeoisie• Family Economy• Cottage Industry• Dowry• Corvée• Emelian
Pugachev• Apprentice• Journeyman• Master
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Bourgeoisie
• General term for “middle class” (primarily in France)
• Included shopkeepers, skilled workers, business owners, bankers, etc.
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Nobles/Lords: 1-5%
Clergy: 5-10%
Bourgeoisie: 5-10%
The “Masses” 75-85%
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Nobility in England & France
England• About 400 families
(House of Lords)• Passed all laws
France• Nobles of Sword
(served the king); Nobles of Robe (purchased a title)
• Nobles did not pay taxes!
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• Bolshoi Ballet started as a dance school in 1700s
• Theater opened in 1800s
Bolshoi Theater, Moscow
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The Nobility & Fun
• Gambling, adultery, hunting, tennis, opera, ballet, dances & elaborate dinner parties, salons, etc.
• Food: Breads and wine/hard liquor & coffee; greater amounts of food were available & exotic spices
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French Nobility(Dress & Manners)
Men wore wigs; 1,200 shops
The diameter of some dresses was nine feet across
Culottes (Knee breeches)
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The Masses: Mortality Rates
• Average life expectancy: 15-20 years shorter for the “Masses” than nobility (Hôtel Dieu)
• Disease & Accidents = biggest killers
• Diet was monotonous & not balanced:
Staples-Black bread & beer
For most, very little meat or fresh vegetables
Hospital For The Poor
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Family Life
• Men/Fathers: Plowing, planting, running a shop; also became migrant workers
• Women/Mothers: “Carriers,” childrearing/ raising, “Deputy Husbands; earned extra $$$
Peasant Family in France
• Children: Laborers (age seven)– 25% of infants died before
age one; 55% before age ten• Servants: Laborers, but weren’t
slaves
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Cottage Industry
• Spinning Wheel• Women set their own
pace & made extra money
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Girl With A Pearl Earring
• She worked as a servant to help earn money for her family
• Others might work to earn money for a dowry
Griet
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Women
• Dowry
Childbirth & Abandonment; many women worked as “wet nurses” or prostitutes (40-60,000 in Paris)
“Rule of Thumb”
It was legal to beat one’s wife with a stick as long as the stick was no thicker than the husband’s thumb
–Women often worked 10 years to build their dowry
–Wealth given by a bride to her husband upon marriage
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Peasant Life
• About 75% of Europe’s population lived as peasants/serfs.
• Peasants “rented” land from Nobles.• Peasants could be bought, sold & traded.
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Tax System In France
• Nobles & Clergy-did not pay taxes; Peasants & Bourgeoisie paid taxes
Those with the least wealth paid the most in taxes
Corvée: Peasants worked 12-15 days of unpaid labor per year for the state (roads, bridges, etc)
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Pugachev Rebellion(1773-1774)
• A former soldier who led a mass rebellion attacking serfdom & monarchy of Catherine the Great.
• Controlled a large area in eastern Russia including Kazan.
Emelian Pugachev
(c. 1742-1775)
• He was captured, tortured and executed; ending the rebellion.
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Guild System(Early industry)
• Master- Shop-owner (if they had enough money & connections).
• Journeyman- After completing seven year apprenticeship they could receive “Journeyman Papers.” Received wage plus room & board.
• Apprentice-worked for room & board only (seven year term), but with a hope of advancement.
• Unskilled Laborer -received room & board with little or no hope of advancement.
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Master
Journeymen
Apprentice
Unskilled Laborers
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“The Masses” & FunPublic Punishments
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Fun: For Rich & PoorGambling/Card-playing, Casinos, Lottery
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“The Masses” & FunGambling On Cockfights
Razor-sharp
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“The Masses” & FunTaverns
In London, the average male consumed 100 gallons of beer or ale per year (one quart per day).
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“The Masses” & FunReligious Ceremonies: A Christening
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“The Masses” & FunSoccer
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Daily Life (1600-1800)
I. IntroII. Society’s StructureIII. Nobility
A. England vs. FrenchIV. The “Masses”
A. Mortality RatesB. FamilyC. Women’s LivesD. Peasant Life
• Pugachev RebellionE. Urban Workers &
GuildsF. Fun/Entertainment
Key Terms• Bourgeoisie• Family Economy• Cottage Industry• Dowry• Corvée• Emelian
Pugachev• Apprentice• Journeyman• Master