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Dangers of Bread !Dangers of Bread !
When are we going to do something about When are we going to do something about bread- induced global warming? Sure, we bread- induced global warming? Sure, we attack tobacco companies, but when is the attack tobacco companies, but when is the government going to go after Big Bread? government going to go after Big Bread?
Well, I've done a little research, and what Well, I've done a little research, and what I've discovered should make anyone think I've discovered should make anyone think twice.... twice....
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More than 98 percent of convicted felons are More than 98 percent of convicted felons are bread eaters. bread eaters.
Fully HALF of all children who grow up in Fully HALF of all children who grow up in bread-consuming households score below bread-consuming households score below average on standardized tests. average on standardized tests.
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In the 18th century, when virtually all bread In the 18th century, when virtually all bread was baked in the home, the average life was baked in the home, the average life expectancy was less than 50 years; infant expectancy was less than 50 years; infant mortality rates were unacceptably high; mortality rates were unacceptably high; many women died in childbirth; and many women died in childbirth; and diseases such as typhoid, yellow fever and diseases such as typhoid, yellow fever and influenza ravaged whole nations. influenza ravaged whole nations.
More than 90 percent of violent crimes are More than 90 percent of violent crimes are committed within 24 hours of eating bread. committed within 24 hours of eating bread.
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Bread is made from a substance called Bread is made from a substance called "dough." It has been proven that as little as "dough." It has been proven that as little as one pound of dough can be used to one pound of dough can be used to suffocate a mouse. The average American suffocate a mouse. The average American eats more bread than that in one month! eats more bread than that in one month!
Primitive tribal societies that have no bread Primitive tribal societies that have no bread exhibit a low occurrence of cancer, exhibit a low occurrence of cancer, Alzheimer's, Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's, Parkinson's disease and osteoporosis. osteoporosis.
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Bread has been proven to be addictive. Bread has been proven to be addictive. Subjects deprived of bread and given only Subjects deprived of bread and given only water to eat begged for bread after only two water to eat begged for bread after only two days. days.
Bread is often a "gateway" food item, Bread is often a "gateway" food item, leading the user to "harder" items such as leading the user to "harder" items such as butter, jelly, peanut butter and even cold butter, jelly, peanut butter and even cold cuts. cuts.
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Bread has been proven to absorb water. Bread has been proven to absorb water. Since the human body is more than 90 Since the human body is more than 90 percent water, it follows that eating bread percent water, it follows that eating bread could lead to your body being taken over by could lead to your body being taken over by this absorptive food product, turning you into this absorptive food product, turning you into a soggy, gooey bread-pudding person. a soggy, gooey bread-pudding person.
Newborn babies can choke on bread. Newborn babies can choke on bread.
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Bread is baked at temperatures as high as Bread is baked at temperatures as high as 400 degrees Fahrenheit! That kind of heat 400 degrees Fahrenheit! That kind of heat can kill an adult in less than one minute. can kill an adult in less than one minute.
Most American bread eaters are utterly Most American bread eaters are utterly unable to distinguish between significant unable to distinguish between significant scientific fact and meaningless statistical scientific fact and meaningless statistical babbling. babbling.
In light of these frightening statistics, we In light of these frightening statistics, we propose the following bread restrictions: propose the following bread restrictions:
No sale of bread to minors. No sale of bread to minors.
No advertising of bread within 1000 feet of a No advertising of bread within 1000 feet of a school. school.
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A 300 percent federal tax on all bread to pay A 300 percent federal tax on all bread to pay for all the societal ills we might associate for all the societal ills we might associate with bread. with bread.
No animal or human images, nor any No animal or human images, nor any primary colors (which may appeal to primary colors (which may appeal to children) may be used to promote bread children) may be used to promote bread usage. usage.
A $4.2 zillion fine on the three biggest bread A $4.2 zillion fine on the three biggest bread manufacturersmanufacturers
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THE MOLECULAR BASIS THE MOLECULAR BASIS OF INHERITANCEOF INHERITANCE
General BiologyGeneral Biology
SUNY Orange at S. S. S. I.SUNY Orange at S. S. S. I.
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Transformation of bacteriaTransformation of bacteria
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T4 BacteriophageT4 Bacteriophage
http://www.nsf.gov/news/news_videos.jsp?org=NSF&cntn_id=100420&media_id=51295
http://www.scivee.tv/node/4634
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PhagesPhages
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Hershey-Chase experiment: phagesHershey-Chase experiment: phages
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Hershey-Chase experimentHershey-Chase experiment
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Chargaff’s Rules
In any given species examined, amount of A equaled the amount of T
Also the amount of G equaled the amount of C
However, the ratio of A + T / G + C was unique to each species
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Watson and CrickWatson and Crick
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James Watson
Video
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Rosalind Franklin and her X-ray diffraction photo of DNARosalind Franklin and her X-ray diffraction photo of DNA
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The structure of a DNA standThe structure of a DNA stand
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Purine and pyridiminePurine and pyridimine
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Base pairing in DNABase pairing in DNA
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The double helixThe double helix
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Three alternative models of DNA replicationThree alternative models of DNA replication
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The Meselson-Stahl experimentThe Meselson-Stahl experiment
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Replication Video
video
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DNA replication: the basic conceptDNA replication: the basic concept
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Origins of replication in eukaryotesOrigins of replication in eukaryotes
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Incorporation of a nucleotide into a DNA Incorporation of a nucleotide into a DNA strandstrand
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The two strands of DNA are antiparallelThe two strands of DNA are antiparallel
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What is wrong with this rug?What is wrong with this rug?
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Priming DNA synthesis with RNAPriming DNA synthesis with RNA
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Synthesis of leading and lagging strandsSynthesis of leading and lagging strands
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DNA pol III synthesizes leading strand continuously
Parental DNA DNA pol III starts DNA
synthesis at 3 end of primer, continues in 5 3 direction
Lagging strand synthesized in short Okazaki fragments, later joined by DNA ligase
Primase synthesizes a short RNA primer
53
5
5
5
3
3
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OverviewOrigin of replication
Leading strand
Leading strand
Lagging strand
Lagging strandOverall directions
of replication
Leading strand
Lagging strand
Helicase
Parental DNA
DNA pol III
Primer Primase
DNA ligase
DNA pol III
DNA pol I
Single-strand binding protein
5
3
5
5
5
5
3
3
3
313 2
4
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Replication Video
Video
BioInteractive
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Nucleotide excision repair of DNA damageNucleotide excision repair of DNA damage
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The end-replication problemThe end-replication problem
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Telomeres and telomeraseTelomeres and telomerase
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Telomeres of mouse chromosomesTelomeres of mouse chromosomes
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30-nm fiber
Chromatid (700 nm)
Loops Scaffold
300-nm fiber
Replicated chromosome (1,400 nm)
30-nm fiber Looped domains (300-nm fiber)
Metaphase chromosome
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DNA double helix (2 nm in diameter)
Nucleosome(10 nm in diameter)
Histones Histone tailH1
DNA, the double helix Histones Nucleosomes, or “beads on a string” (10-nm fiber)
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RESULTS
Condensin and DNA (yellow)
Outline of nucleus
Condensin (green)
DNA (red at periphery)
Normal cell nucleus Mutant cell nucleus
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Sugar-phosphate backbone
Nitrogenous bases
Hydrogen bond
G
C
A T
G
G
G
A
A
A
T
T
T
C
C
C
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Fig. 16-UN4Fig. 16-UN4
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Fig. 16-UN5Fig. 16-UN5