Download - Day 2 hardware & software
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Lesson 2 : Hardware & Software
Certificate I in Information Technology
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• To perform any desired action using a computer, you must have both hardware and software.
• Software brings the computer to life!
HardwareSoftware
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Hardware
• Hardware refers to the physical parts of a computer.
• They are things which you can touch and feel.
• Peripherals; hardware attached to a computer, which expands its capabilities
Source: http://www.coolnerds.com/newbies/hardware/hardware.htm
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Hardware
Hard Disk Motherboard
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Hardware
Processor / Central Processing Unit (CPU)
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Hardware
USB Flash Drive SD Card
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Hardware
Random Access Memory (RAM)
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Hardware
Multimedia Projector Barcode Scanner/Reader
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Hardware
Webcam Microphone
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Hardware
Scanner
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Hardware
Optical Pen Headset
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Hardware
Joystick Printer
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Hardware
Plotter
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Software• A software is a collection of instructions (code) that
enables a user to interact with the computer or have the computer perform specific tasks for them.
• Without any software, the computer hardware would be useless.
• Software are created using computer programming languages. E.g. Java, C++, Visual Basic, etc.
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Types of Software1) Systems softwareSystems software are responsible for controlling, integrating, and managing the individual hardware components of a computer system.
They also act as an interface between other software and hardware.
Systems software work in a way that other software and the users of the system see it as a functional unit without having to be concerned with the low-level details (e.g.: transferring data from memory to disk, or rendering text onto a display).
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Types of Software1) Systems software
Generally, these consists of an operating system (OS) and some fundamental utilities.
E.g. of OS: Microsoft Windows, Linux, Max OS, Solaris, Unix, etc.
E.g. of system utilities: BIOS software, networking and device control software, hardware drivers, hard disk sector boot software, disk formatting software etc.).
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Types of Software2) Application softwareApplication software are used to accomplish specific tasks other than just running the computer system.
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Types of Software2) Application softwareApplication software may consist of
- a single programe.g. Firefox, iTunes, Microsoft Paint, Notepad, Skype, etc.
- a collection of programs (software package/suite)e.g. Microsoft Office (Word, Excel, Access, Outlook, Project, etc.) and Adobe Creative Suite (Adobe Acrobat, Dreamweaver, Photoshop, Illustrator, InDesign, etc.)
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Input / Output Devices
• Input • Output
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Data Storage
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Primary Storage Devices / Internal Memory
+ Volatile: the data gets erased when the component loses power+ Directly accessible to the CPU+ Faster than secondary storage devices like hard disks
Random Access Memory (RAM)
Stores program instructions and data temporarily
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Secondary Storage Devices / External Memory
Read Only Memory (ROM)
Memory that is capable of holding data and having that data read from the chip, but not written to.
+ Non-volatile: the data stored does not get erased when the chip loses power+ Data stored in these chips is either unchangeable or requires a special operation to change+ Contain essential start-up data or instructions
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Secondary Storage Devices / External Memory
Read Only Memory (ROM)
e.g.: BIOS (Basic Input/Output System); programmed for controlling the system's main input-output interfaces.
BIOS is a built-in software that determines what a computer can do without accessing programs from a disk.
On PCs, the BIOS contains all the code required to control the keyboard, display screen, disk drives, etc.
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Secondary Storage Devices / External Memory
+ Non-volatile: the data does not get erased when the drive loses power+ Not directly accessible to the CPU; CPU uses input/output channels to access data+ Slower than primary storage devices (memory) like RAM devices.
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Buses• A bus, in computing, is a set of physical connections (cables,
printed circuits, etc.) which can be shared by multiple hardware components in order to communicate with one another.
• Buses reduce the number of "pathways" needed for communication between the components, by carrying out all communications over a single data channel
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Bus• Depending on the type of the bus and computer the bus’s
operation can be unidirectional or bidirectional.
• Examples of buses:
– Data bus: It carries the data between the different components of the computer.
– Address bus: It selects the route that has to be followed by the data bus to transfer the data
– Expansion bus: It is used to connect the computer’s peripheral devices such as printer, modem and scanner with the processor.
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Ports
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Ports
(a.k.a FireWire)
(DVI)
HDMI
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Questions?