MozambiqueTANZANIA
MALAWI
ZAMBIA
SWAZILAND
ZIMBABWE
SOUTH
AFRICA
Tete
Niassa
Gaza
Sofala
Zambezia
Nampula
Cabo Delgado
Maputo
UNSCN COUNTRY POLICY ANALYSIS
NUTRITION IMPACT OF FOOD SYSTEMS
In MOZAMBIQUE
First UN Network for SUN Meeting
Nairobi, 27-28 August 2013
Compiled by: Almeida Tembe
SETSAN Planning Official
Contents
• Introduction
• Methodology
• Situation analysis
– Undernutrition in Mozambique 2003-11
– Geographical distribution of Chronic Malnutrition & Food Security and
Agricultural Production
• Food System and Agricultural Policy Framework
• The Analysis and Policy Scoring
• Commitment and Muti-sectoral Coordination
• Key Recommendations
Introduction• This case study is a part of the work done by UNSCN in 8 countries
including Mozambique
• Aim: to contribute to a better understanding of how food systems,
and especially agriculture, can impact nutrition outcomes, and
how a nutrition lens can be used to improve food and nutrition
security.
• Objectives:
• General: Descriptive review of policies and strategies related
to the agricultural and food systems in the country.
• Specific:
• Analyse the Food and Nutritional framework policy
• Investigate their sensitivity to nutritional actions
• Identify progress, opportunities and challenges
Methodology
• Methods:
• Analysis of secondary
data, literature review,
interviews with key
actors of the food
system
• Selection criteria for policies
• Political and technical
relevance
• Presence of agriculture
components
Undernutrition in Mozambique 2003-
2011
�35% chronic food insecurity
�43% chronic under nutrition in children under 5 years�Overweight/obesity: 7.4% of children under 5 with weight for age +2DPand 16.4% of women 15-49 years with BMI >25kg/m3 (DHS 2011)
�
Geographical Distribution of Chronic Undernutrition, Food Insecurity
and Agricultural Production
Chronic Undernutrition
6
Agricultural Production
The maps show that the largest agricultural production
zones have less food insecurity but higher rates of chronic
undernutrition
Food Insecurity
Food System & Agricultural Policies
Framework • National policy: the Five-Year Programme of the Government (PQG 2010-
2014) and the Plan of Action for Poverty Reduction (PARP 2011-2014 );
• Tranversal strategy: the Food and Nutrition Security Strategy and Plan of
Action (ESAN II / PASAN 2008 – 2015 );
• Sectoral strategy: the Strategic Plan for Agricultural Development (PEDSA-
2011 - 2020 ) and its investment plan, the National Agrarian Investment Plan
(PNISA- 2013 – 2017 );
• Multisectoral action plan: the Multisectoral Plan for Chronic Malnutrition
Reduction (PAMRDC 2011-2014 (2020) ); and
• FSN Programme: Accelerate progress towards MDG1c in Mozambique (2013-
2017).
The Analysis of the nutrition sensitivity of policy
Framework
Criteria PQG PARP ESAN II PEDSA PNISA PAMRDC MDG1c
Regarding the entire policy/programmeContain nutrition objectives and indicators into their
design
Partially Partially Yes Partially Partially Yes Yes
Designed to address the types and causes of malnutrition
based on assessment of the context at the local level
No No Yes No No Yes Partially
Target the most vulnerable groups, properly identified
(also on the basis of nutrition and FNS vulnerability)
Partially Partially Yes No No Yes Partially
Collaborate and coordinate with other sectors Partially Partially Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
Empower women Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
Act as a delivery platform for direct nutrition interventions Partially No Partially No Partially Yes Partially
Incorporate nutrition promotion and education around
food and sustainable food systems that builds on existing
local knowledge, attitudes and practices
No Partially Yes Partially Yes Yes Yes
Regarding the agriculture component of the policy/programmeFacilitate production diversification, and increase
production of nutrient-dense crops and small-scale
livestock
Partially Partially Partially Partially Yes Partially Partially
Improve processing, storage and preservation to retain
nutritional value, shelf-life, and food safety, to reduce
seasonality of food insecurity and post-harvest losses
Partially Partially Partially Partially Yes Partially Partially
Promote markets expansion and access for vulnerable
groups, particularly for nutritious foods
Partially Partially Partially Partially Partially No Partially
Considers environmental sustainability, conservation of
natural resources and climate change
Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes
10 10
15
9
13
12
13
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
PQG 2010-2014 PARP 2011-2014 ESAN II / PASAN
2008-2015
PEDSA 2011-2020 PNISA 2013 - 2017 PAMRDC 2011-2014
(2020)
EU-MDG1c
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Degree of nutrition-sensitivity
0 - 3
Very
low 4 - 6 Low 7 - 10 Medium 11 - 14 High 15 - 17
Very
high
Policy scoring
Main Findings on the Policies• Most of the nutrition-sensitivity criteria are present for most
Policies, Action Plans and programmes analyzed.
• However, there is room for improvement , for instances:
– Mainstreaming nutrition objectives ( observed in 2 policies) ,
– women empowerment,
– food yield and production,
– Improving Food Systems: processing, storage,
– Increasing markets access to nutrient-rich foods (0 policies),
and
– multissectoral collaboration.
Commitment and Multissectorial
Coordination • High level commitment
– has increased with SUN, but still needs to be strengthened
• Multisectoral coordination
– SETSAN plays a crucial role in the articulation.
– Food and nutrition security is a transversal theme,
– Nutrition is Very little transversally throughout the policies,
– Policy formulation is not necessarily reflected on implementation (EX.,
Nutritious food crops not prioritized)Planning retreat – a step towards
better coordination and M&A
• Local Capacity
– FNS institutional arrangements needs to strengthening at all levels
(national, provincial and district)
– Two universities include FSN courses and the training of Extension
Workers had positive impact in the past years.
Multissectoral coordination
Family
Planning.
Anemia
Control
adequate
infant
feeding
. Food and
nutrition
Supplementa
tion
SETSAN
MISAU MINED MINAG MIC MIMAS MJD MOPH
Access of water and basic
Sanitation
Food security and nutrition surveillance
Reduction of early
pregnancy
Reduction of early wedding
Intersectoral coordination
Food subside Program
Income transferen
ce program
Iodization of Salt
Food Fortification
Code of the Marketing of Breast milk Substitutes
Nutritious food
production
Improve technologies for process and storage of food
Nutritional Education in curricula
School gardens
Key Recommendations • To increase their nutrition-sensitivity, the following opportunities
were identified:
– Base the prioritization of food crops in the assessment of the nutrition
situation and nutritional needs
– Improve targeting policies and actions to the most vulnerable groups
(Adolescents, 1000 DAYs, pregnant and lactate women, poor Households)
– Include nutrition indicators in non-nutrition interventions/programmes
– Continue the ongoing efforts to strengthen collaboration and coordination
mechanisms
• Strengthening the M&E Plans by conveying a yearly planning
retreat with key stakeholders; and
• Create a FSN Council body at high political level.