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Daylighting for sustainability
Energy savingselectric lighting
Buildings: 30%
Transport and industry: 70%
Lighting: 15 to 40 % of building consumption
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Daylighting for sustainability
Energy savingselectric lightingsolar gains management
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Daylighting for sustainability
Energy savings
Visual comfortvisual performancecolor renderingaesthetical effects
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Daylighting for sustainability
Energy savings
Visual comfort
Connection to outsideviewbiological needs
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Daylighting for sustainability
Energy savings
Visual comfort
Connection to outside
Productivity
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Daylight as a design factor
Three aims when using natural lightCollect
Transport
Distribute
INTERIOR
EXTERIOR
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Daylight as a design factor
Three aims when using natural lightCollection
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Daylight as a design factor
Three aims when using natural lightCollection
Image by MIT OCW.
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Daylight as a design factor
Three aims when using natural lightCollection
]
Image by MIT OCW.
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Daylight as a design factor
Three aims when using natural lightCollection
TransportWinter &midseason Summer
D%D%D%
Image by MIT OCW.
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Daylight as a design factor
Three aims when using natural lightCollection
Transport
Image by MIT OCW.
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Daylight as a design factor
Three aims when using natural lightCollection
Transport
Distribution
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Daylight as a design factor
Main parameters in daylight availabilityClimate and weather
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Daylight as a design factor
Main parameters in daylight availabilityClimate and weather
Sun course (latitude, time/date)
Equinox March22
Summer solsticeJune 21
Equinox Sept 21
Winter solstice Dec 21
Image by MIT OCW.
N
Z
21 Jun
21 Mar/Sept
21 DecW
S
E
Image by MIT OCW.
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Daylight as a design factor
Main parameters in daylight availabilityClimate and weather
Sun course (latitude, time/date)
Sun and sky access orientation, mask, design of opening
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Daylight Factor
DF = (E point/E outside horizontal) * 100%only for an overcast sky !
E outside horizontal
E point
Image by MIT OCW.
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Daylight Factor
DF = (E point/E outside horizontal) * 100%only for an overcast sky !
below 1% dark, only suitable for storage areas
1% to 2% low illumination, suitable for circulation areas
2% to 4% moderate, for living spaces
4% to 7% medium, for office work
7% to 12% high, for precision tasks
over 12% very high, for exceptional light requirements
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(Emerging) dynamic daylighting metrics
Daylight Autonomy (DA)percentage of working hours when a minimum work plane illuminance is maintained by daylight alone
Useful Daylight Illuminance (UDI)divides working hours into either < 100 lux, 100 to 2000 lux (Useful Daylight Illuminance) or > 2000 lux
CHPS criteriacontinuous DA >40%, >60% and >80% (resp. 1, 2 and 3 credits) for 60% of work plane
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Daylight as a design factor
What do we want to do?maximize daylighting, but avoid glaremaximize solar gains in winterprotection from solar gains in the summer and fall
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Daylight as a design factor
How do we do it?siting and orientation Mount Angel Library and
Seinäjoki Library by A. Alto
Photographs and floor plans removed due to copyright restrictions.
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Daylight as a design factor
How do we do it?siting and orientationsizing and positioning openings and room depth
Sahara West Library and Museum by Meyer et al.N.-D. du Haut by Le Corbusier - Exeter Library by Kahn
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Daylight as a design factor
How do we do it?siting and orientationsizing and positioning Atrium Genzyme HQ by Behnisch & Behnisch
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Daylight as a design factor
How do we do it?siting and orientationsizing and positioningsolar protections fixed mobile orientation
30o
maximise gains in winter
70o
total protection in summer
30o
maximise gains in winter
70o
total protection in summer
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Daylight as a design factor
How do we do it?siting and orientationsizing and positioningsolar protectionsglazing selection
Image by MIT OCW.
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Daylight as a design factor
How do we do it?siting and orientationsizing and positioningsolar protectionsglazing selectionframing
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Daylight as a design factor
How do we do it?siting and orientationsizing and positioningsolar protections (fixed / mobile)glazing selectionframingindoor surface colors
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Daylight as a design factor
How do we do it?siting and orientationsizing and positioningsolar protections (fixed / mobile)glazing selectionframingindoor surface colorsadvanced systems / materials
HOLOGRAPHIC
PRISMATIC
ANGLE SELECTIVE
Images by MIT OCW.Electrochromic
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Designing with Natural Light
Reading assignment from Textbook:“Introduction to Architectural Science” by Szokolay: § 2.3 - 2.4
Additional readings relevant to lecture topics:"Heating Cooling Lighting" by Lechner: Chaps 9 + 13