1
Deconstruction of lignocelluloses for understanding the
features that govern mechanical, structural and adhesion
properties of polymers in plant cell wall
Brigitte Chabbert, Véronique Aguié-Béghin, Johnny Beaugrand, Bernard Kurek, Gabriel Paës
COST action FP 1105- Stockholm 2012
2 Presentation of FARE lab
Reims
Fractionation of Agro-Resources and Environment
Joint lab between:
French National Institute for Agricultural Research (INRA)
Reims Champagne-Ardenne University (URCA)
Research activity
Fractionation and upgrading of plant biomass for non-food
applications
www.lille.inra.fr/umr_fare
3
Research projects developped around a central question: deconstruction of lignocelluloses
Three application fields defining applications and partnership:
Composites
Fibrous materials
Environment
Soil fertility
Energy
Synthons
Deconstruction of
lignocelluloses
White biotechs
Agro-materials
Cycles
C, N, S, P
Presentation of FARE lab
Research Area
www.lille.inra.fr/umr_fare
Goals: Identify and hierarchize lignocelluloses (LC) locking points towards deconstruction
4
Energy &
Synthons
Presentation of FARE lab
Partnership and Projects
Regional
Xylocos (region)
CN cycles (region)
Sselves (region)
Maprofi (CPER)
Matoren (CPER)
Nanobio (CPER)
National
Futurol (OSEO)
Stockactif (ANR)
Futurol (OSEO)
Sofia (ANR)
Defibrex (ANR)
PT-Flax (ANR)
Sinfoni (OSEO)
International
Biocore (FP7)
Biocrust (ANR)
Pepites (ANR)
Polychanvre (FEDER)
Fibragen (FP7)
Environment
Materials
Parternship U. Lille, Reims,
Troyes
FRD
IFPEN, INRA
(Marseille, Mons,
Montpellier,
Narbonne, Orléans,
Toulouse)
U. Amiens,
Compiègne, Lille
U. Bremen (DE),
Edmonton (CA),
Leuven (BE), Santa
Maria (BR)
Aimplas (ES),
Embrapa (BR), IRD
www.lille.inra.fr/umr_fare
5 Presentation of FARE lab
Scientific Production
Period 2008-2011
100 peer-reviewed articles
70% ranked in the first quartile of their category (Journal Citation Reports ®)
31% with international collaborators
18 PhD thesis defended
22 post-graduate students (Master) + 28 under-graduate students
www.lille.inra.fr/umr_fare
6 LC defibrization for agrocomposites
- Continuous thermo hydro mechanical process to fractionate fibrous LC -Mechanisms of fiber isolation and mixing with polymer - Specific mechanical energy determination
Influence of Compounding Conditions on Defibrization
and Mechanical Properties
Twin screw extrusion as a tool to understand fiber isolation and compounding
Hemp fiber (moisture content, feed rate)
+ polycaprolactone
Temperature Residence time Screw speed,…
Parameter modeling (SME)
Composites: - Fiber dimensions (L/D ratio) - Mechanical properties of injection-molded specimen
Beaugrand & Berzin, J. Appl. Polym Sci., 2012
7
- The fibers are subject to severe defibrization (decohesion and fragmentation) during the extrusion process. - Relationships can be proposed between the fiber aspect ratio (L/D), the SME and mechanical properties of composites.
LC defibrization for agrocomposites
Influence of Compounding Conditions on Defibrization
and Mechanical Properties
*
Decohesion, fragmentation, surface properties: Micromechanical properties of LC
Contribution of amorphous polymer in the LC properties
Design and properties of bio-inspired LC assemblies
8 Design of bio-inspired LC assemblies
Nanostructuration of bio-inspired LC assemblies
Cellulose nanocrystals
Non cellulosic polysaccharides
HH
H
Non cellulosic polysaccharide- lignin
HH
H
HH
HHH
H
Hydrogen-bonds van der Waals and Hydrophobic interactions Ether bonds
*
Non cellulosic polysaccharide- cellulose
Heterogeneous distribution of polymers
Covalent/non covalent interactions
Boukari et al, Carbohydrate Polymer, 2012 ; Paës & Chabbert Biomacromolecules, 2012 ;Hambardzumyan et al, Biomacromolecules, 2012
9 Design of bio-inspired LC assemblies
Nanomechanical properties
Langmuir-Blodgett and spin-coated films from bio-inspired LC assemblies
Surface force microscopy of LC assemblies
Hemicelluloses
LC assembly
(cellulose/lignin/hemicellulose)
60.00
0.00
30.00
0.00
cellulose Complex LC film
Col . LRN Univ Reims
Nanomechanical properties of LC assemblies
Estephan et al, submitted
Film analysis : AFM
(controlled T°C, RH)
application/validation on natural fibers underprogress
Adhesion force
10 Design of bio-inspired LC assemblies
Probe mobility : cell wall architecture
Hydrolysis time (min)
0 50 100 150 200
Diffu
sio
n (
10
-7 c
m2.s
-1)
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Mo
bile
fractio
n (%
)
75
80
85
90
95
100
105
MF
MF
MF MF
Diffusioncoefficient
Mobile fractionMF
hemicellulase
Cross-linked xylans (ferulate cross linkage of grass GAX /laccase)
Dextran- FITC
Fluorescent probes Polysaccharides (Dextrans) Proteins (BSA, CBMs)
LC Enzymes …
Mobility
Confocal microscopy
Tools to study enzymatic deconstruction of LC biomass
Paës & Chabbert Biomacromolecules, 2012