Download - Definitions and history
![Page 1: Definitions and history](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062510/548b187ab47959d86b8b4599/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Definitions and HistoryIDT 617
Instructional Design & Technology
![Page 2: Definitions and history](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062510/548b187ab47959d86b8b4599/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
A Tricky Beginning…Defining the field can be trickyIt might take an entire semester to decide
on what you think is the best definitionLet’s look at some of the definitions and
see how they relate to what instructional designers do in research and practice
![Page 3: Definitions and history](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062510/548b187ab47959d86b8b4599/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Many definitions… Instructional design is the systemic and systematic application
of strategies and techniques derived from behavioral, cognitive, and constructivist theories to the solution of instructional problems.
Instructional design is the systematic application of theory and other organized knowledge to the task of instructional design and development.
It is the entire process of analysis of learning needs and goals and the development of a delivery system to meet those needs.
Educational technology is the application of research, learning theory, emergent technologies, and child and adult psychology to solving instructional and performance problems.
![Page 4: Definitions and history](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062510/548b187ab47959d86b8b4599/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
The Final Word1994: Instructional technology is the theory and
practice of design, development, utilization, management, and evaluation of processes and resources for learning.
2006: Educational technology is the study and ethical practice of facilitating learning and improving performance by creating, using and managing appropriate technological processes and resources.
Association for Educational Communications and Technology, 1994; 2006
![Page 5: Definitions and history](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062510/548b187ab47959d86b8b4599/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Components of the DefinitionStudy
Research informing practice
Ethical practiceImpacts choices
Facilitating & LearningShift in ideas of
learningChanging definitions
ImprovingThe benefits of a
systematic approachSubjective measure
PerformanceUsable knowledge
Creating & UsingMaking stuffWhere the solution
meets the problemManaging
Keeping track of everything
Appropriate Technology, Processes & ResourcesThe right process or
tool for the job
![Page 6: Definitions and history](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062510/548b187ab47959d86b8b4599/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
At It’s Core…Instructional Design is: Student Centered
Meaningful learning environments Goal Oriented
Tangible goals that can be achieved through training Focused on Performance
Higher levels of learning than recall Focused on Measurable Outcomes
Assessments are key Empirical, Iterative and Self-correcting
Guided by theory, strong research focus Primarily a Team Effort
Complex processes require more than one person
![Page 7: Definitions and history](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062510/548b187ab47959d86b8b4599/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
InstructionalDesign
& Technology
Ed Psych
PerformanceSupport
K-12 & Higher Ed
LearningTechnologies
Educational Research
Our Sandboxes…
![Page 8: Definitions and history](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062510/548b187ab47959d86b8b4599/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Ed Psych
Educational PsychologyCognitive
psychologyCognitive ScienceLearning Sciences
Individual differences
Learning theoriesLearning
environments
![Page 9: Definitions and history](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062510/548b187ab47959d86b8b4599/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Performance SupportElectronic
Performance Support Systems (EPSS)
Knowledge Management
Change Management
Needs and Task Analyses
PerformanceSupport
![Page 10: Definitions and history](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062510/548b187ab47959d86b8b4599/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Education Technology and
curriculum integration
Media literacyVirtual High SchoolsDistance LearningEducational Gaming
K-12 &Higher Ed
![Page 11: Definitions and history](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062510/548b187ab47959d86b8b4599/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Computer TechnologiesInstructional
Software Development and EvaluationHypertextWeb-based
instructionEmerging
technologiesInstructional
gaming and simulation
LearningTechnologies
![Page 12: Definitions and history](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062510/548b187ab47959d86b8b4599/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
ResearchQuantitativeQualitativeLiterature ReviewsMeta-analysesEvaluationAction Research
EducationalResearch
![Page 13: Definitions and history](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062510/548b187ab47959d86b8b4599/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Now that you have so many definitions and applications…Think about the following questions and
write your responses on the Discussion BoardWhich definition makes the most sense to
you as you begin to study the field? Where do you think the main focal point
should be? Research? Practice? Or a combination of both?
Did anything in the readings or these slides surprise you?
![Page 14: Definitions and history](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062510/548b187ab47959d86b8b4599/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Comprehensive information and a good template for your Timeline
found at: http://www.slideshare.net/
benton44/history-of-instructional-design-and-technology
The History of IDT
![Page 15: Definitions and history](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062510/548b187ab47959d86b8b4599/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Two tracksInstructional MediaInstructional Approaches
![Page 16: Definitions and history](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062510/548b187ab47959d86b8b4599/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Instructional MediaSchools and museum materialsLantern projectorsAdoption of educational filmsTelecommunications Satellites and
educational televisionPersonal Computers
![Page 17: Definitions and history](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062510/548b187ab47959d86b8b4599/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
First museums delivered materials by horse-drawn cart
Excerpt from an early textbook: linking images and text
Lantern projector and film catalog
Telstar Communications Satellite (1962)Start of transatlantic TV transmission
First Apple Computer (1976) eventually leading to the personal computer
![Page 18: Definitions and history](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062510/548b187ab47959d86b8b4599/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Instructional ApproachesDewey
Classroom as a laboratoryThe importance of WWIISkinner
Behavioral Learning Theory and Programmed instruction
Interest in the “Black Box” was minimalA systematic approach to instruction
![Page 19: Definitions and history](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062510/548b187ab47959d86b8b4599/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Moving Towards the ID processInstructional Objectives
Robert Mager: Preparing Objectives for Programmed Instruction, 1962
Behavioral and Cognitive ObjectivesCriterion referenced testingGagne
Conditions of learningTaxonomy of skillsEvents of instruction
![Page 20: Definitions and history](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062510/548b187ab47959d86b8b4599/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
ID Models/Growth of Constructivism1970s
Number of ID Models increasedShift from behaviorism to cognitive approachFocus on constructivismGagne’s events of instruction map onto
cognitive processes•Gain Attention •Inform Learner of Objective •Recall Prior Knowledge •Present Material •Provide Guided Learning•Elicit Performance•Provide Feedback•Assess Performance •Enhance Retention and Transfer
![Page 21: Definitions and history](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062510/548b187ab47959d86b8b4599/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Progress and performance1980s and 1990s
Explosion of Media and AccessComputersWWW (allowed for worldwide connections)Hypertext and Hypermedia
Performance Technologies (i.e., assessing gaps in skills)Expanded scope of instructional designers
Instructional strategies lean more towards student centered learning
![Page 22: Definitions and history](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062510/548b187ab47959d86b8b4599/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Where are we now?Human Performance TechnologyTechnology Integration in K12
EnvironmentsCognitive Science & Learning SciencesConsulting with Engineering, Modeling &
Simulation ResearchersTraining for military, business and K-20
studentsDigital literacies
![Page 23: Definitions and history](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062510/548b187ab47959d86b8b4599/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
For the remainder of the week…Respond to questions on Discussion Board
Reply to classmate’s responses and continue the conversation
I will moderate, answer questions and keep us on track
![Page 24: Definitions and history](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062510/548b187ab47959d86b8b4599/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Next weekI will review the discussion board
interactions
We will discuss ID process and the relationship of Learning Theory and Design
Timeline is due before class on Sept. 16th
Upload is available from Assignment Uploads link