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Delia Calut/Paxton School for Advanced Studies/[email protected]
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Han dynasty206 B.C.E.-220 C.E.What happened after its collapse?What dynasty reunify China?
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Sui & Tang Empires
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1. Sui, 581-618Lasted 34 yearsWhy was it significant?Could you compare it with other Chinese
dynasty?What did it built?
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Grand Canal
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Tang dynasty
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2.Tang, 618-907Political lifeOrigins : Turkic elitesTerritory: expanded towards W ( Central
Asia)Centralized powerWho did it stop Tang’s advancement towards
W?Where?How did Tang’s advancement in Central Asia
influence the Chinese religion?
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Political life751, The Battle of Talas River ( Muslim
Arabs)Get connected to India & Central Asia
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Political lifeHow was the bureaucracy selected?
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Political lifeA)Who introduced first the civil service
exams?B)Why these exams made a difference in
China?
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Political lifeA)Han dynastyB) High educated bureaucrats the lower class could get good jobs
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Religion ( early Tang)BuddhismWhy was Buddhism so successful at the
beginning of Tang dynasty?
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Early Tang-Buddhism1.emperor –spiritual function of welding
humans into a harmonious Buddhist societyWhy was this important?A)What did the Buddhist monasteries offer to
the Tang princes?B)What did the Buddhist monasteries receive
in exchange for their services?
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Religious lifea)Financial support, advice, prayers.b) gifts, land, exemptions from taxes
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EconomyWhat was the economy based on?
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EconomyTrade1.What were the main items imported?2.What were the main items exported?3.What was the most important trading
center?
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Economy1.tea, sugar, spices,
cotton, textiles, Stringed
instrumentsWine,painting2.silk, porcelain3.Chang’an
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Tea
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EconomyExplain Chang’an significance.
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EconomyChang’an –the capitalTrading center, center of tributary systemWho paid tribute? What was tribute?Religious networkCommercial networkCosmopolitan cityHub of Tang communication
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TechnologyWhat kind of maritime technology did the
Chinese mariners use?
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vesselcompass
Chinese vessel
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Daily lifeWhat disease affected the Tang Empire?How was the disease spread?Do you know any other empire affected by
the same disease?
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Military rivalsA)Who were Tang’s most important rivals?B)What did they compete for ?
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MilitaryA)Tibet, UighursB) religious & political power, control of local
routes
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What policies contributed to the early success of Tang?
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ReligionWhy was Buddhism replace by Confucianism
towards the end of Tang?
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Religion1. Undermine the Confucian idea of family2 encouraged women participation in politics( Wu Zhao) associated with social ills (foreign origin)Monasteries: own a lot of land didn’t pay taxesMonks :didn’t serve in the army
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ReligionHow did the government solve the problem?When?
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DeclineWhat factors did contribute to the decline of
Tang?
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Decline1. internal rebellions: 755, 879-8812. nomadic tribes ( N border)3.tax-system problems, powerful military
leadersRuled China until 907After Tang, China split in 3 empires:Liao, Tanggut, Song
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Song 960-1279Tang Song
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Political & militaryLost the N part to nomadic tribes½ of Tang territoryCapital :Hangzhou4 times Tang’s army
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TechnologyWhy was considered that Song dynasty had
an industrial revolution?
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TechnologyInnovations:Calendar, compass design Greek astrolabe, junkCelestial clockGunpowderMining, iron production
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ReligionWhat was Song’s religion?Who was the ideal human?
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ReligionNeo-Confucianism : blend of Conf. &
Buddhism new interpretations of
the Confucian textsThe sage
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TechnologyWhat were the
consequences of using the movable type?
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EconomyWhat innovations were in economy?Commercial economyIndustrial developmentInter-regional credit
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Money during Song dynasty
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Society-the status of womenSocial restrictionSubordinationLow education, cannot remarryFoot bindingWhat was the significance of foot binding?
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Foot binding
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Foot binding
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JapanWhat did the
Japanese borrow from the Chinese?
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A legal codeConfucianismBuddhismarchitecture
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Political lifeThe head of the state: the emperorNo Mandate of Heaven794 , Heian became capital
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Heian 794-1185Political life: emperor lost power symbolic figureheadReal Power: 858, Fujiwara familyEconomy: Golden AgeReligion: Shintoism, Buddhism( Zen),Culture: poetry( men) epics( women)Which one was superior?Give an example of an epic.
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“The Tale of Genji” by Murasaki Shikibu
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Heian period
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Decline Founder1156-1185 Taira-
Minamoto war Minamoto
won
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Kamakura shogunateMinamoto established a new form of
government: the shogunateCapital: KamakuraDecentralized form of governmentShogunate: feudal system in which the shogun
shared the power with landowning warlords (daimyo).
ShogunDaimyoSamurai-great honor-code of chivalry: Bushido
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Japanese Feudalism
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KoreaUnder whose influence was Korea?How was Korea organized?
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KoreaChinese influence: political, religious,
cultural.Divided in 2 kingdoms: Silla & Koryo Compare Silla & Koryo
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Silla-Tang ally (collapsed when Tang collapsed)
Koryo-Song ally, unified the korean Peninsula.
Religion: BuddhismTechnology: block printing
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VietnamHow was organized?What was the economy based on?Religion?
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Vietnam2 states: Annam/Dai Viet ( N) Champa( S)Political & economic life centered around 2
riversN –Red RiverS-MekongEconomy: rice-based economy (wet-rice
cultivation)Religion: Buddhism & ConfucianismWomen: dispose of property, negotiating roles
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Rice paddies
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Cultivation Harvest