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Proprietary and Confidential1
Delivering Precise Trusted Time
A Proposition to Secure Our Critical Infrastructure and Real-time Networks
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June 28th 2017 Page 2
Extreme Sensitivity Indoor A-GNSS
Denver
San Francisco (FCC)
Chicago
Santa Clara (FCC)
Boulder
Dallas
Las Vegas
Orlando
Colorado Springs
Los Angeles
Nashville
Austin
We have field
tested
in 12 cities
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June 28th 2017 Page 3
Embedded A-GNSS ASIC & SDR for indoor Access Points (LTE/LTE-U/WiFi)
iPosi L1/L5 RF
SGMII
SGMII
USB2
LTE/WiFi Baseband IC
CPU
DRAM/FLASH
1588PPS adjust
19.2 MHzVCTXO
Freq adjust
USB/SPI
DAC
PPS
TimeTag
GPIO
Location
Pulse Per Second
I,Q
USB/SPI
Parallel
200 MHz
iPosi Cloud Assistance- coarse time- GNSS nav data
iPosi SW Code Block
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June 28th 2017 Page 4
CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURE REQUIRESPRECISE, SECURE, TRUSTED TIME
Precise Time Resilience Trusted Time ™
✓ Telecom requires < 1.5 µs
✓ Smart Grid Synchrophasorsrequire < 1 µs
✓ Financial services (trade execution) require < 100 µs
✓ PPD 21 (older PDD 63)
✓DHS identified 15 of 18 Critical Infrastructure Sectors that use GNSS time
✓Operators must preclude impact of GNSS interference events (jamming / spoofing)
✓Continuous fallback from independent, diverse sources
✓ Provides Traceable Tamper-Proof Time
✓ Sustained resilience against spoofing or jamming / intentional or otherwise
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June 28th 2017 Page 5
THE VALUE OF GNSS + ELORAN : RESILIENCE,BUT NOT TRUST
Precise Time
✓ A ‘Hybrid’ GNSS + eLORAN system could do that … but
− Policy makers and industry have regarded a hybrid approach as redundant
“7th constellation”, costly, falsely competitive, lacking sufficient gain, and
− Lacks the trusted time feature needed to support critical infrastructures
Resilience
Resilience, but not
trusted time
GPS/GNSS eLORANOverlapping Capabilities
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June 28th 2017 Page 6
THE VALUE ADD OF A-GNSS + ELORAN + NEW SIDE SIGNAL
✓ Proposition: A-GNSS plus a new ‘closed’ eLORAN side signal
− Pseudo-random pulse positions modulated via secret key
✓ Thwarts ‘spoofing’ to ensure the reliable delivery of Trusted Time
(spoofing attacks cannot be thwarted merely by previously knowing rvcr position)
✓ Only four appropriately located eLORAN stations needed for Trusted Time
✓ iPosi A-GNSS provides deep indoor position and time
Precise Time Resilience Trusted Time ™
Free Bi-Product: Fine-grained eLORAN ASF’s - improves eLORAN PNT accuracy
Synergy: A-GNSS + eLORAN
A-GNSS eLORAN+
TrustedTime
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June 28th 2017 Page 7
NEW SIDE SIGNAL ATTRIBUTES
Precise Time Resilience Trusted Time ™
✓The ‘Closed’ side signal is akin to GPS’ P(Y) anti-spoofing code
✓ Secures all open GNSS, terrestrial RNAV signals by validating time references
✓ Solution is globally scalable – adapts wherever eLORAN is broadcast
✓ LF (100KHz) is an good place to hide the pseudo-random Side Signal
− Lightning strikes are common in the LF channel
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June 28th 2017 Page 8
‘CLOSED’ SIDE SIGNAL VALIDATES ANY OPEN PNT SIGNALS
✓ Encrypted key incorporated into iPosi assistance, & delivered over IP network
✓ Fixed indoor/outdoor receivers today; later will address non-stationary receivers
✓ If attacked, receiver ignores open signals and tracks closed signal exclusively
iPosiTrusted Time ™
Receiver
Global Radio Navigation Signal Array (PNT)
GNSS
eLORAN
eDME
IRIG - B
New Closed Signal
Composite Open + Side LF Signal
Station 1 Station 4 Side channel secret signal
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June 28th 2017 Page 9
= 0⁰ Carrier Phase = 180⁰ Carrier Phase
“UNDER THE HOOD”: A CLOSER LOOK …
✓ Closed Side-Signal: Placed at end of GRI interval
✓ Per-station key securely disseminated via IP. Makes Side-Signal un-spoofable
✓ ‘Closed’ Side-Signal fully compatible with UrsaNav’s eLORAN ‘open’ signals
eLORANStation
Side SignalModulator
Composite Side + Open
Signals
Existing eLORAN Open Signals
Encryption Public Key Exchange Cloud
Station 1 Station 2 Station 4
1 ms emission delay
emission delay
GRI ground repetition interval ( 100 ms )
~ 44 ms
. . . . . .
emission delay
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June 28th 2017 Page 10
ONE LAST LOOK UNDER THE HOOD …
iPosi End-to-End On air Signals Composite Side + Open Signal
Existing eLORANOpen Signal Modulation
Offset & Phase function of key and time
✓ Microsecond-grade time transfer to indoor points at up to 1000km
✓ Link budget supports outdoor embedded receivers up to 1600km
✓ Building losses are 0-30 dB for Loran vs 15-47 dB at L1 or 15-40 dB at L5
✓ iPosi SDR platform flexibly adds eLORAN to its L1 & L5 signal suite
Side channel station 1
Station 1 Station 4
Station 1
Side channel stations 1 & 4
eLORANStation
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June 28th 2017 Page 11
Embedded A-GNSS ASIC & SDR for indoor Access Points (LTE/LTE-U/WiFi)
iPosi L1/L5eLoran RF
SGMII
SGMII
USB2
LTE/WiFi Baseband IC
CPU
DRAM/FLASH
1588PPS adjust
19.2 MHzVCTXO
Freq adjust
USB/SPI
DAC
PPS
TimeTag
GPIO
Location
Pulse Per Second
I,Q
USB/SPI
Parallel
25/200MHz
iPosi Cloud Assistance- coarse time- GNSS nav data- eLoran corrections- Secure key distribution
iPosi SW Code Block (+ eLoran)
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June 28th 2017 Page 12
WE LIED, HERE’S MORE DETAIL…
✓ Indoor SNR for GNSS is improved by providing real-time data assistance – via IP
✓ However, a receiver under attack will maintain 1 < µs accuracy without IP network
✓ ‘Closed’ Side-Signal: Pseudo-randomized pulse sequence (in position and phase)
- Fully compatible with eLORAN signals
- Side Signals use standard LORAN pulse waveform
iPosi End-to-End Side Signals Composite Side + Open Signal
Existing eLORANOpen Signal Modulation
• Side signals fit at end of GRI frame • Time offset is w.r.t. open signal time• Dither depends on key and current time
Station 1 Station N Side channel pulses
eLORANStation
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SUMMARY OF PROPOSAL
Precise Time Resilience Trusted Time ™
✓ Two great technologies form new resilient critical infrastructure service: Trusted Time™
✓ Inexpensive 4-station US launch platform uses UrsaNav’s LF station network
✓ Provides Indoor reception; reduces cost; further hardens against jamming
✓ Sustains Trusted Time while under spoofing attack
✓ One Closed signal secures all GNSS
✓ Field trials, before YE 2017
✓ Application, industry-specific trials, dates TBD