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DEMOGRAPHICDIVIDEND OF INDIA
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5 small kids + oldgrand parents for theLilliputs + a lovely
caring wife
small and
beautifulfamily
India in 1965
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About my family
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Analysis of thesituation!!!
9 people Person capable of doing productive work but
not working wife
Dependent people 5 children + 2 oldiesDependency ratio = 7 : 2 (exceptionally
high!!)
Poor hygiene, low literacy rate, less flexibilityto changing prices. It means overall lowstandard of living.
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Hum dohumare do!!!!
India at present!!!
Nuclear
family
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Family reloaded!!!
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Analysis Reloaded!!!
2 dependent + 2 independent
i.e. dependency ratio = 1
Introduction of women in the work force. Easy ride through difficult times as seen
in great recession of 2007-08.
Better standard of living than ever. In spite of all these benefits there is gap
created between parents and childrenas well as decreased involvement insocial activities.
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This is what Demographic Dividendall about
Rise in rate of economic
growth due to a risingshare of working age
people in a population. . .
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Demographic dividend trendsAge distribution of the population by broad age groups for the
major states of India from 1961 to 2001
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Annual population growth rate by broad age group(1961-2001, in percent)
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Age-specific annual growth rate of populationfrom 1981-91 and 1991-2001.
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Female Labour Force Participation (1981-2001, inpercent)
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n aWhere do we stand and where will westand?
1. The Dependency
ratio(%)
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2.Working population %change
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3.Our populationpyramids
India 2011
India
2025India
2040
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4. The real GDP growthrate
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Question is-Why do we stand on such
a high platform where we cancompare our selveswith the best in the
business??
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And here is the answer-three phases ofdemographic transition
And here
are we
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Another model of demographic transition
R se n t e or orce
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R se n t e wor orcehow-???
Falling fertility rates and infant mortality rates
And due to this-there is the entryof women into the workforce
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A convenient truth
In Bihar the fertility rate-3.9
(highest in entire nation)
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In Tamil Nadu thefertility rate is 1.7
Figures speak of themselves &
Development comes where there is a
zeal
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Thus for achieving overall
developmentWe are targeting women and child
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Gradual shift in age pyramid(15-60)
year- 2016
the bulge appearing in the middle
part of the population pyramid is seen to be
advantageous in delivering what is popularly
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Positive aspects on Indianeconomy
Savin
gratesincrea
ses
1. Age structure
transition2. Decrease in
dependency
ratio.
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Explanation
Present
Total member 62 working
2 old age (hometown)2 kids
Dependency ratio-4/2=2
EarlierTotal members 92- working
2- old age(nonworking)
5- kidsDependency
ratio- 7/2=3.5
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More no. of women in
working ageDue to decline in fertility rate morewoman are likely to enter in working age
Earlier this was the major hurdle. Previously due to higher fertility more
time was spent in child care and gestation
period Decline in fertility allows to spend moretime in economic activities
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Present
condition
Earlier
condition
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Peopleinvest
moreontheir
ownhealthwhen
childrenare
fewerinno.
1. Betterproductivityand
economic
benefits tothe
household.2. Better
standard ofliving..
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Government will also be in a
position to spend and invest inmore productive acitivities ..
because
With decline in the no of children aspublic spending more on educationand health can be diverted to more
productive activities.
Result inBetter infrastructure and
development of the country
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Better development and
infrastructure
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Demographic dividend/nightmare
Deceleration
in rate of jobcreation
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Highest no. of people
below poverty line
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Caste discrimination
Division of laboron the basis of
caste lines
Low productivity
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Poor
employabilityWorld ranking
Widening gap.
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Worsening sexratio
UnstableAgriculturalproductivity
Too hugepopulation to
educate & train
3737
Challenges
India's so-called "demographic dividend" ofa younger population is as much anopportunity as it is a challenge.
High infantmortality rate
46% of childrenopt out of study
after middleschool
Position ofwomen in
society
Pooreconomic
condition of
India
Employability ofIndians
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At present 480universities +22000 colleges
3838
Too huge population
By 2020 India would account for 25% of globalworkforce.
Total Indian population at present constitute 35% ofglobal.
Indias goal to achieve 30% of 240 million schoolchildren to higher education which is 12.4%.
Infrastructure required for this goal is too huge for anynation to undertake.
Its an emergency on a global level and thus forms aglobal issue.
Poor economic condition of India further makes it toodifficult to achieve.
Affordability and course structure.
700 universities+ 35000 collegesWe Require
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As known only 19% population of India will
comprise of above 60yrs of age. This means
max of people will be of working age.
Today even a skilled Indian employee lags
behind due to its poor communication skills and
his competitiveness. Also the quality of
education is too low of Indians.
Training required for all new recruits.
This makes Indian unattractive for future
Education
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High infant mortality rate
and low fertility rateInfant mortality rate of India is still far more thanany other developed as well as developing
nations. Fertility rate of women has gone low as compared
to situation in 1960s when each woman used tohave minimum of 6 to 7 children on an average.
This has endangered the demographic dividend ofIndia as it would reduce the future work force.
To eradicate this better medical facilities has to beprovided along with proper hygiene, living
conditions and awareness.
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Targeting mother & child
A hi t
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Current position of women in India has improved alot.
Women in the work force.
Sent to schools & colleges. ISB along withGoldMann Sachs providing certificate courses to
women entrepreneurs. Development of women always leads to
development of whole society as she is the onewho nurtures the family through her knowledge.
Achievements
Negations still prevailing Women in some states of India are still kept aloof
from development. In Bihar, U.P, Punjab, Haryana,
Uttarakhand etc. women are still harassed. Not sent to study or allowed to run any business or
own a profession except house wife.
In some villages child marriage is going on and it
affects productivity from women part, they getburdened with res onsibilities at earl a e.
i i
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Worsening sex ratio We study in daily news about the infanticide this
has brought down the sex ratio of our countryfrom about 960:1000 to 914:1000.
And still we are fighting this evil in our society.
This is a big challenge for govt.
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Poor economic condition &unsustainable agricultural
growth Indian economic condition is highly unstable due
to its dependency on agriculture sector.
Even in case of bumper crop distribution is not
done properly and grains decay in go downs.
People in India do not accept changes easily andrefuse to work with new technology.
Uncontrolled corruption has eaten away all theinner strength of India.Large no. of imports alsoaffects badly. Fluctuations in international
markets also adversely affectsIndian market andemployment too.
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To handle such an enormous workforce is not a joke.so there are
Some solutions from the core of ourhearts.
Food securitymust be the
priority forgovt.
Ex- food
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Education needs to be on the priority line& there is theneed to develop Better research facilities so that we stop beingthe technology beggars.
.
Better
educationsystem
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"Economic reforms are not about goofy rich guys buyingMercedes cars, the fruits of reforms must reach the aamaadmi. For that there is need of a transparent system ofmoney distribution.
A d h li d th i i t
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And as we have realized there is a requirementof enormous investment in public health,sanitation, drainage ,etc. sectors and with it there
is a need to invest into productive sectors.
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Indian government will have to mandatorily assume a moreproactive and participatory role in providing better educationaland public health facilities to nurture the job-seekers of
tomorrow.
This alone can turn the `demographic dividend' into anunmatched opportunity fuelling the great Indian dream of the
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And as said by the noted economist C.J.Punnathara
The demographic dividend can either be afortuitous economic opportunity or a missedchance, depending on how the Governmentdeploys the huge emerging workforce into