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Deponent Verbs!
“Same great Latin, now with 50% fewer forms!”
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Deponent Verbs have Conjugation!
Despite their odd-‐looking appearance, deponent verbs still have all of the characteristics of
“normal” verbs, including conjugation!
To find the conjugation of a deponent verb, go to the second principal part:
1st 2nd 3rd 3rd -‐io 4th
-‐ārī -‐ērī -‐ī -‐ī -‐īrī
*3rd -‐iō: 1st principal part will end in -‐ior*
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Examples of Deponent Verbs
1st: hortor, hortārī, hortātus sum: to encourage, urge
2nd: vereor, verērī, veritus sum: to fear, respect
3rd: sequor, sequī, secutus sum: to follow
3rd -‐iō: progredior, progredī, progressus sum: to advance, go
4th: molior, molīrī, molitus sum: to build
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3rd sg. masc. Active Passive
Present hortat hortātur
Imperfect hortābat hortābātur
Future hortābit hortābitur
Perfect hortāvit hortatus est
Pluperfect hortāverat hortatus erat
Future Perfect hortāverit hortatus erit
1st conjugation Deponent Synopsis
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1st conjugation Deponent Synopsis
3rd sg. masc. Deponent English
Present hortātur He encourages
Imperfect hortābātur He was encouraging
Future hortābitur He will encourage
Perfect hortatus est He encouraged
Pluperfect hortatus erat He had encouraged
Future Perfect hortatus erit He will have encouraged
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2nd conjugation Deponent Synopsis
3rd sg. masc. Deponent English
Present verētur He fears
Imperfect verēbātur He was fearing
Future verēbitur He will fear
Perfect veritus est He feared
Pluperfect veritus erat He had feared
Future Perfect veritus erit He will have feared
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3rd conjugation Deponent Synopsis
3rd sg. masc. Deponent English
Present sequitur He follows
Imperfect sequēbātur He was following
Future sequētur He will follow
Perfect secutus est He followed
Pluperfect secutus erat He had followed
Future Perfect secutus erit He will have followed
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3rd -‐iō conjugation Deponent Synopsis
3rd sg. masc. Deponent English
Present progreditur He goes
Imperfect progrediēbātur He was going
Future progrediētur He will go
Perfect progressus est He went
Pluperfect progressus erat He had gone
Future Perfect progressus erit He will have gone
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4th conjugation Deponent Synopsis
3rd sg. masc. Deponent English
Present molitur He builds
Imperfect moliēbātur He was building
Future moliētur He will build
Perfect molitus est He built
Pluperfect molitus erat He had built
Future Perfect molitus erit He will have built
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Deponent Participles
Deponent Verbs still have all four participles. They are formed just like normal verbs, but the
translations are slightly different.
Deponent English
Present hortāns, -‐ntis (encouraging)
Perfect hortatus, -‐a, -‐um (having encouraged)
Future (Active) hortatūrus, -‐a, -‐um (about to encourage)
Future (Passive) hortandus, -‐a, -‐um (must be encouraged)
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Deponent Infinitives
Deponent Verbs only have three infinitives. They are ALL active in meaning.
Deponent English
Present hortārī (to encourage)
Perfect hortatus, -‐a, -‐um esse (to have encouraged)
Future hortatūrus, -‐a, -‐um esse (to be about to encourage)
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Deponent Subjunctives
Deponent Verbs do also exist in the subjunctive. They are formed much like normal verbs. Pay close
attention to the Imperfect Subjunctive.
Deponent
Present hortēturImperfect ***hortārētur***Perfect hortatus sit
Pluperfect hortatus esset***Imperfect Subjunctive: present “active” infinitive plus endings.***
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Worksheet 48Deponent Synopses
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3rd plural Deponent English
Present
Imperfect
Future
Perfect
Pluperfect
Future Perfect
3rd pl. neut. -‐ admiror, admirārī, admirātus sum: to admire
admirāntur they admire
admirābāntur they were admiring
admirābuntur they will admire
admirāta sunt
admirāta erant
admirāta erunt
they (have) admired
they had admired
they will have admired
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Participles Deponent English
Present
Perfect
Future (Active)
Future (Passive)
Infinitives Deponent English
Present
Perfect
Future (Active)
admirāntia
admirāta
admirātūra
admiranda
admiring
having admired
about to admire
must be admired
admirārī (to admire)
admirāta esse (to have admired)
admirātūra esse (to be about to admire)
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3rd singular Deponent English
Present
Imperfect
Future
Perfect
Pluperfect
Future Perfect
3rd sg. fem. -‐ loquor, loquī, locutus sum: to speak
loquitur she speaks
loquēbatur she was speaking
loquētur she will speak
locuta est
locuta erat
locuta erit
she (has) spoke(n)
she had spoken
she will have spoken
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Participles Deponent English
Present
Perfect
Future (Active)
Future (Passive)
Infinitives Deponent English
Present
Perfect
Future (Active)
loquens, loquentis
locuta
locutūra
loquenda
speaking
having spoken
about to speak
must be spoken
loquī (to speak)
locuta esse (to have spoken)
locutūra esse (to be about to speak)
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1st plural Deponent English
Present
Imperfect
Future
Perfect
Pluperfect
Future Perfect
1st pl. masc. -‐ aggredior, aggredī, aggressus sum: to attack
aggredimur we attack
aggrediēbāmur we were attacking
aggrediēmur we will attack
aggressī sumus
aggressī eramus
aggressī erimus
we (have) attacked
we had attacked
we will have attacked
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Participles Deponent English
Present
Perfect
Future (Active)
Future (Passive)
Infinitives Deponent English
Present
Perfect
Future (Active)
aggredientēs
aggressī
aggressūrī
aggrediendī
attacking
having attacked
about to attack
must be attacked
aggredī (to attack)
aggressī esse (to have attacked)
aggressūrī esse (to be about to attack)
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1. The soldiers will attack the town which is near the mountain.
1. Militēs oppidum quod prope montem (est) aggrediēntur.
2. Before the Romans entered Britain, Caesar had gone north by ship.
2. Antequam Romanī in Britanniam inivērunt, Caesar ad septentrionēs navī progressus erat.
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Eo mulierēs imposuērunt, [quae ad proelium proficiscentēs militēs
passīs manibus flentēs implorābant
nē sē in servitutem Romanīs traderent.]
pandō, pandere, pandī, passus: to spreadmulier, mulieris (f): woman
There they placed their women, who, weeping, were begging the soldiers going into battle with their hands spread that they not
hand them over to the Romans as slaves.
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2nd plural Deponent English
Present
Imperfect
Future
Perfect
Pluperfect
Future Perfect
2nd pl. fem. -‐ progredior, progredī, progressus sum: to advance
progrediminī y’all advance
progrediēbāminī y’all were advancing
progrediēminī y’all will advance
progressae estis
progressae eratis
progressae eritis
y’all (have) advanced
y’all had advanced
y’all’ll’ve advanced
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Participles Deponent English
Present
Perfect
Future (Active)
Future (Passive)
Infinitives Deponent English
Present
Perfect
Future (Active)
progredientēs
progressae
progressūrae
progrediendae
advancing
having advanced
about to advance
must be advanced*
progredī (to advance)
progressae esse (to have advanced)
progressūrae esse (to be about to advance)
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Subjunctives Deponent
Present progrediaminī
Imperfect progredereminī
Perfect progressae sitis
Pluperfect progressae essētis