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Descriptive Inorganic Chemistry Chem 241
12-1 M, W
Bill Vining232 Physical Sciences [email protected]
Sit in First 8 Rows
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Inorganic Chemistry
• One of the three descriptive chemistries:– Organic Chemistry– Biochemistry– Inorganic Chemistry
Theoretical and Practical Chemistries: Physical Chemistry Analytical Chemistry
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Inorganic Chemistry: Chemistry for the rest of the elements.
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Chem 241 Topics• Origin of the Elements• Nuclear Chemistry
– Stability– Practical Nuclear Chemistry
• Chemical Formation of the Earth and Ore• Obtaining the Elements: Extraction
– Methods for Metals and Nonmetals• Properties of the Main Group Elements
– The elements themselves– Oxides, halides of the elements
• Bonding and Properties of Metals
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Chem 241 Topics• Chemistry in Water
– Charge Density– Enthalpy, Entropy and Solubility– Acid-Base Properties
• Atmospheric Chemistry– Global Warming– Acid Rain– Ozone
• Coordination Chemistry– Complex Types– Bonding– Symmetry in Chemistry– Spectroscopy
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Official StuffCourse Website: http://employees.oneonta.edu/viningwj/chem241/
Text: Online pdf
http://employees.oneonta.edu/viningwj/chem241/text/
Grading:
Three exams, including the final (not cumulative) 300 pointsHomework 100 pointsElement Poster Session 50 points
Homework: OWL
http://owl.oit.umass.eduChoose Chemistry General, UMass Amherst, then choose SUNY Oneonta, Chem 241Login: SUCO + your email up to the @ sign (mine would be SUCOviningwj)Password: your A00 number
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First Topic
Where do all these elements come from?
How are they made?
Are they made?
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Our Guide:
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What aspects of this should we explain?
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What will our explanations depend on?
Thermodynamics: relative stability
Kinetics: rate and mechanism
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General Decrease in Abundance with Atomic Number
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Even > Odd
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Peak at Fe
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Peak at Pb
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Trough at Be
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Missing Tc and Pm and Above N = 83
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Nucleosynthesis of the Elements
Hydrogen Burning
1H + 1H 2H + e+ + ve
2H + 1H 3He +
3He + 3He 4He +21H
Why does this happen only in stars?
41H 4He + 2e+ + 2ve
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Helium Burning
4He +4He 8Be8Be + 4He 12C* 12C +
3 4He 12C +
Is this easier or harder than hydrogenburning?
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Carbon Burning, etc.
12C + 4He 16O + 16O + 4He 20Ne + 20Ne + 4He 24Mg + 12C + 12C 24Mg + 12C + 12C 23Na + 1H12C + 12C 20Ne + 4He
Go back to initial Questions. Can weanswer any?
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The -Process
20Ne + 16O + 4He
20Ne + 4He 24Mg +
2 20Ne 16O + 24Mg +
40Ca + 4He 44Ti* + 44Ti* + e- 44Sc* + v+
44Sc* 44Ca + + + v+
44Ca + 4He 48Ti +
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Interlude: Nuclear Reaction Equations
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Neutron Capture-Beta Decay
65 6629 29
66 6629 30
66 6730 30
67 6830 30
68 6930 30
69 6930 31
69 7031 31
70 7031 32
Cu n Cu
Cu Zn
Zn n Zn
Zn n Zn
Zn n Zn
Zn Ga
Ga n Ga
Ga Ge
B
B
B
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r- and s-processes:
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Stability of Nuclei
Which nuclei exist and which are radioactive.
What are the trendsin nuclear binding energy.
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Common types of Radioactive Decay
Beta decay: Cu-66
Alpha decay: U-238
Positron emission:
Electron capture:
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Island of stability
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The problem with Radon.
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Explain trends in Island of Stability
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Binding Energy
How much more stable are nucleons in a nucleus than they are alone?
Measured as a mass defect (loss):
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Class Calculations
Element protons mass number exact mass
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Using Excel to do this:isotopedata_stable.xls