![Page 1: Descriptive Mineralogy Native Elementscribme.com/cu/data/Geology/Minerology/Lectures/14Natives.pdf• Cu and Ag: Supergene Enrichment – Oxidation of Cu, Ag sulfides in unsaturated](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022050204/5f577ec4dcc217571e777a41/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Descriptive Mineralogy
Native Elements:Pure elements that occur
as minerals
![Page 2: Descriptive Mineralogy Native Elementscribme.com/cu/data/Geology/Minerology/Lectures/14Natives.pdf• Cu and Ag: Supergene Enrichment – Oxidation of Cu, Ag sulfides in unsaturated](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022050204/5f577ec4dcc217571e777a41/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Classification of the Minerals• Non-Silicates
– Native Elements– Halides– Sulfides– Oxides– Hydroxides– Carbonates– Sulfates– Phosphates
• Silicates– Orthosilicates– Sorosilicates– Cyclosilicates– Chain Silicates– Layer Silicates– Tektosilicates
![Page 3: Descriptive Mineralogy Native Elementscribme.com/cu/data/Geology/Minerology/Lectures/14Natives.pdf• Cu and Ag: Supergene Enrichment – Oxidation of Cu, Ag sulfides in unsaturated](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022050204/5f577ec4dcc217571e777a41/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Native Elements
![Page 4: Descriptive Mineralogy Native Elementscribme.com/cu/data/Geology/Minerology/Lectures/14Natives.pdf• Cu and Ag: Supergene Enrichment – Oxidation of Cu, Ag sulfides in unsaturated](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022050204/5f577ec4dcc217571e777a41/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Native Elements: Metals
• Fe, Co, Ni: Meteorites• Platinum Group: (Ru, Rh, Pd, Os, Ir, Pt):
Mafic Igneous Rocks• Coinage metals: Cu, Ag, Au
– Cu, Ag: Supergene Enrichments (SulfideOxidation)
– Au: Low Temperature Hydrothermal, Placer
![Page 5: Descriptive Mineralogy Native Elementscribme.com/cu/data/Geology/Minerology/Lectures/14Natives.pdf• Cu and Ag: Supergene Enrichment – Oxidation of Cu, Ag sulfides in unsaturated](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022050204/5f577ec4dcc217571e777a41/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Native Iron: Meteorites
![Page 6: Descriptive Mineralogy Native Elementscribme.com/cu/data/Geology/Minerology/Lectures/14Natives.pdf• Cu and Ag: Supergene Enrichment – Oxidation of Cu, Ag sulfides in unsaturated](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022050204/5f577ec4dcc217571e777a41/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Native Iron: MeteoritesWidmanstätten Pattern
![Page 7: Descriptive Mineralogy Native Elementscribme.com/cu/data/Geology/Minerology/Lectures/14Natives.pdf• Cu and Ag: Supergene Enrichment – Oxidation of Cu, Ag sulfides in unsaturated](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022050204/5f577ec4dcc217571e777a41/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Iron-Nickel Phase Diagram
![Page 8: Descriptive Mineralogy Native Elementscribme.com/cu/data/Geology/Minerology/Lectures/14Natives.pdf• Cu and Ag: Supergene Enrichment – Oxidation of Cu, Ag sulfides in unsaturated](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022050204/5f577ec4dcc217571e777a41/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Platinum Group MetalsRu, Rh, Pd, Os, Ir, Pt
• Strongly siderophile elements• Enriched in Fe meteorites• Found in layered mafic intrusions
– Bushvelt Complex (South Africa)– Stillwater Complex (Montana)– Skaergaard Complex (Greenland)
![Page 9: Descriptive Mineralogy Native Elementscribme.com/cu/data/Geology/Minerology/Lectures/14Natives.pdf• Cu and Ag: Supergene Enrichment – Oxidation of Cu, Ag sulfides in unsaturated](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022050204/5f577ec4dcc217571e777a41/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
![Page 10: Descriptive Mineralogy Native Elementscribme.com/cu/data/Geology/Minerology/Lectures/14Natives.pdf• Cu and Ag: Supergene Enrichment – Oxidation of Cu, Ag sulfides in unsaturated](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022050204/5f577ec4dcc217571e777a41/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
![Page 11: Descriptive Mineralogy Native Elementscribme.com/cu/data/Geology/Minerology/Lectures/14Natives.pdf• Cu and Ag: Supergene Enrichment – Oxidation of Cu, Ag sulfides in unsaturated](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022050204/5f577ec4dcc217571e777a41/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Bushvelt: Layered Gabbroic Intrusion
![Page 12: Descriptive Mineralogy Native Elementscribme.com/cu/data/Geology/Minerology/Lectures/14Natives.pdf• Cu and Ag: Supergene Enrichment – Oxidation of Cu, Ag sulfides in unsaturated](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022050204/5f577ec4dcc217571e777a41/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Bushvelt: Layered Gabbroic Intrusion
![Page 13: Descriptive Mineralogy Native Elementscribme.com/cu/data/Geology/Minerology/Lectures/14Natives.pdf• Cu and Ag: Supergene Enrichment – Oxidation of Cu, Ag sulfides in unsaturated](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022050204/5f577ec4dcc217571e777a41/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Skaergaard: Layered Gabbroic Intrusion
![Page 14: Descriptive Mineralogy Native Elementscribme.com/cu/data/Geology/Minerology/Lectures/14Natives.pdf• Cu and Ag: Supergene Enrichment – Oxidation of Cu, Ag sulfides in unsaturated](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022050204/5f577ec4dcc217571e777a41/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Skaergaard: Layered Gabbroic Intrusion
![Page 15: Descriptive Mineralogy Native Elementscribme.com/cu/data/Geology/Minerology/Lectures/14Natives.pdf• Cu and Ag: Supergene Enrichment – Oxidation of Cu, Ag sulfides in unsaturated](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022050204/5f577ec4dcc217571e777a41/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Skaergaard: Layered Gabbroic Intrusion
![Page 16: Descriptive Mineralogy Native Elementscribme.com/cu/data/Geology/Minerology/Lectures/14Natives.pdf• Cu and Ag: Supergene Enrichment – Oxidation of Cu, Ag sulfides in unsaturated](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022050204/5f577ec4dcc217571e777a41/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Native Elements: Cu, Ag, Au• Cu and Ag: Supergene Enrichment
– Oxidation of Cu, Ag sulfides inunsaturated zone
– Precipitation of metal, oxides andcarbonates at water table
• Ag and Au: hydrothermal– Native metals and tellurides
• Au: placer– oxidized hydrothermal
![Page 17: Descriptive Mineralogy Native Elementscribme.com/cu/data/Geology/Minerology/Lectures/14Natives.pdf• Cu and Ag: Supergene Enrichment – Oxidation of Cu, Ag sulfides in unsaturated](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022050204/5f577ec4dcc217571e777a41/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Supergene Copper
![Page 18: Descriptive Mineralogy Native Elementscribme.com/cu/data/Geology/Minerology/Lectures/14Natives.pdf• Cu and Ag: Supergene Enrichment – Oxidation of Cu, Ag sulfides in unsaturated](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022050204/5f577ec4dcc217571e777a41/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Hydrothermal Silver
![Page 19: Descriptive Mineralogy Native Elementscribme.com/cu/data/Geology/Minerology/Lectures/14Natives.pdf• Cu and Ag: Supergene Enrichment – Oxidation of Cu, Ag sulfides in unsaturated](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022050204/5f577ec4dcc217571e777a41/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Hydrothermal Gold
![Page 20: Descriptive Mineralogy Native Elementscribme.com/cu/data/Geology/Minerology/Lectures/14Natives.pdf• Cu and Ag: Supergene Enrichment – Oxidation of Cu, Ag sulfides in unsaturated](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022050204/5f577ec4dcc217571e777a41/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Hydrothermal Gold
![Page 21: Descriptive Mineralogy Native Elementscribme.com/cu/data/Geology/Minerology/Lectures/14Natives.pdf• Cu and Ag: Supergene Enrichment – Oxidation of Cu, Ag sulfides in unsaturated](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022050204/5f577ec4dcc217571e777a41/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Native Elements: non metals
• Carbon:– Graphite: Metamorphic Rocks– Diamond: Kimberlites
• Sulfur (+Se):– Salt Domes (Sulfate reduction),– Volcanos (H2S oxidation)
• Tellurium (Te) Tellurideoxidation
![Page 22: Descriptive Mineralogy Native Elementscribme.com/cu/data/Geology/Minerology/Lectures/14Natives.pdf• Cu and Ag: Supergene Enrichment – Oxidation of Cu, Ag sulfides in unsaturated](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022050204/5f577ec4dcc217571e777a41/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Native Elements: Carbon
• Graphite (Low Pressure)– Metamorphosed Organic-rich sediments
• Diamond (High Pressure >100km)– Kimberlites– Placers from kimberlites
![Page 23: Descriptive Mineralogy Native Elementscribme.com/cu/data/Geology/Minerology/Lectures/14Natives.pdf• Cu and Ag: Supergene Enrichment – Oxidation of Cu, Ag sulfides in unsaturated](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022050204/5f577ec4dcc217571e777a41/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
![Page 24: Descriptive Mineralogy Native Elementscribme.com/cu/data/Geology/Minerology/Lectures/14Natives.pdf• Cu and Ag: Supergene Enrichment – Oxidation of Cu, Ag sulfides in unsaturated](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022050204/5f577ec4dcc217571e777a41/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Native Elements: Diamond
![Page 25: Descriptive Mineralogy Native Elementscribme.com/cu/data/Geology/Minerology/Lectures/14Natives.pdf• Cu and Ag: Supergene Enrichment – Oxidation of Cu, Ag sulfides in unsaturated](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022050204/5f577ec4dcc217571e777a41/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Native Elements: Diamond
![Page 26: Descriptive Mineralogy Native Elementscribme.com/cu/data/Geology/Minerology/Lectures/14Natives.pdf• Cu and Ag: Supergene Enrichment – Oxidation of Cu, Ag sulfides in unsaturated](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022050204/5f577ec4dcc217571e777a41/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
![Page 27: Descriptive Mineralogy Native Elementscribme.com/cu/data/Geology/Minerology/Lectures/14Natives.pdf• Cu and Ag: Supergene Enrichment – Oxidation of Cu, Ag sulfides in unsaturated](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022050204/5f577ec4dcc217571e777a41/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Kimberley Mine 1875
![Page 28: Descriptive Mineralogy Native Elementscribme.com/cu/data/Geology/Minerology/Lectures/14Natives.pdf• Cu and Ag: Supergene Enrichment – Oxidation of Cu, Ag sulfides in unsaturated](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022050204/5f577ec4dcc217571e777a41/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Native Elements: Sulfur
• Fumaroles (Volcanic hydrothermal vents)– Oxidation of H2S
• Salt dome cap rocks– Sulfate reduction by petroleum
![Page 29: Descriptive Mineralogy Native Elementscribme.com/cu/data/Geology/Minerology/Lectures/14Natives.pdf• Cu and Ag: Supergene Enrichment – Oxidation of Cu, Ag sulfides in unsaturated](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022050204/5f577ec4dcc217571e777a41/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Fumarole Sulfur: Nysseros
![Page 30: Descriptive Mineralogy Native Elementscribme.com/cu/data/Geology/Minerology/Lectures/14Natives.pdf• Cu and Ag: Supergene Enrichment – Oxidation of Cu, Ag sulfides in unsaturated](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022050204/5f577ec4dcc217571e777a41/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Native Elements