Download - Desert and Tundra Biome
-
8/3/2019 Desert and Tundra Biome
1/52
DESERTBIOME
-
8/3/2019 Desert and Tundra Biome
2/52
Aurene G. AlcanaKryzia May C. AbantoDennise L. Amoranto
-
8/3/2019 Desert and Tundra Biome
3/52
GENERAL DISCRIPTION :
About 1/5 of the earths land
surface is covered bydeserts. Deserts are
characterized by lack ofmoisture. There are only fewliving organisms that can
-
8/3/2019 Desert and Tundra Biome
4/52
Desert, term applied to regions ofthe earth that are characterized by
less than 254 mm (10 in) of annualrainfall, an evaporation rate thatexceeds precipitation, and, in mostcases, a high averagetemperature. Because of a lack ofmoisture in the soil and lowhumidity in the atmosphere, mostof the sunlight penetrates to the
ground.
-
8/3/2019 Desert and Tundra Biome
5/52
Daytime temperatures canreach 55 C (131 F) in theshade. At night the desertfloor radiates heat back tothe atmosphere, and thetemperature can drop tonear freezing.
-
8/3/2019 Desert and Tundra Biome
6/52
Namib Desert
-
8/3/2019 Desert and Tundra Biome
7/52
SPECIFIC DESCRIPTION:
Climate: Very dryTemperature: Hot during the dayand cold during the night. The airbecomes quickly hot during the dayand cools rapidly at night because
the air contains little or no moistureto modify the temperature. Strongwinds often occur in the desert,
carrying dust and wind.
-
8/3/2019 Desert and Tundra Biome
8/52
Soil: Sandy, dry and loose;contains mineral like calcite
Rainfall: Less than 10cm in ayear
-
8/3/2019 Desert and Tundra Biome
9/52
Vegetation: Bushes and shrubsare widely scattered; cacti andsmall flowers cover the desertusually after every occasionalrains
Animals: Lizards, snakes,eagles, owls, toads, insects andsmall birds
-
8/3/2019 Desert and Tundra Biome
10/52
Desert Tortoise
The desert tortoise, Gopherus agassizii, is found in
deserts throughout the southwest United States andnorthwest Mexico. The tortoise, its burrows, and itshabitat are vulnerable to highway traffic, off-roadvehicles, and cattle grazing. Adults can grow to 38centimeters (15 inches) and may live more than 80years.
-
8/3/2019 Desert and Tundra Biome
11/52
Kangaroo Rat
Kangaroo rats live in colonies in dry regions of North
America, emerging from their burrows at night to foragefor food. These animals have extremely efficient kidneysthat help them conserve water by producing highlyconcentrated urine. The kangaroo rat gets its name fromits extremely long hind legs, which it uses to hop.
-
8/3/2019 Desert and Tundra Biome
12/52
DingoThe dingo, whichinhabits only Australia,
probably descendsfrom Asiandomesticated dogsbrought to Australia by
prehistoric peoples.Although dingoes areprimarily carnivorous,feeding upon insects,carrion, birds,mammals andreptiles, they alsooccasionally feed onplant material.
-
8/3/2019 Desert and Tundra Biome
13/52
Bactrian CamelThe Bactrian camelhas two humps onits back. It has astockier build andslightly shorter legsthan the one-
humped Arabiancamel. Most of theworlds Bactriancamels are found in
the steppes anddeserts of Mongoliaand northwesternChina.
-
8/3/2019 Desert and Tundra Biome
14/52
Cactus
Many cacti, such
as the prickly pearcactus shownhere, carry outphotosynthesis in
enlarged stemsrather thanleaves. The stemsalso serve to storewater, essentialforphotosynthesis.
-
8/3/2019 Desert and Tundra Biome
15/52
Boojum Tree
The boojum tree, nativeto arid areas such asthe Baja CaliforniaPeninsula innorthwestern Mexico,may reach heights of
up to 20 m ( 66 ft ).Older specimens maytwist into unusualshapes.
-
8/3/2019 Desert and Tundra Biome
16/52
Most desert regions have been formed bymovements of air masses over the planet. Asthe earth turns on its axis, it produces giganticair swirls. Hot air rising over the equator flowsnorthward and southward; the currents cool inthe upper regions and descend as high-pressure areas in two subtropical zones. Northand south of these zones are two more areas ofascending air and low pressure. Still farther
north and south are the two polar regions ofdescending air. As air rises, it cools and loses itsmoisture. As it descends, it warms and picks upmoisture, drying out the land.
-
8/3/2019 Desert and Tundra Biome
17/52
WORLD DESERT REGION
-
8/3/2019 Desert and Tundra Biome
18/52
Most deserts arise due to
atmospheric wind conditions. Warmair masses created two belts ofdesert, one along the Tropic of
Cancer and the other along the Tropicof Capricorn. Other deserts resultfrom the effects of ocean currents on
landmasses, where cool air massescarry fog and mist, but little rain, alongcoastal regions.
-
8/3/2019 Desert and Tundra Biome
19/52
Other desert areas result from the influence of
ocean currents on landmasses. As cold watersmove from the Arctic and Antarctic regionstoward the equator and come into contact withthe edges of continents, they are augmentedby upwellings of cold water from the oceandepths. Air currents cool as they move acrosscold water; they carry fog and mist but little
rain. Such currents flow across the coastalregions of southern California, Baja California,southwest Africa, and Chile; although oftenshrouded in mist, these coasts are deserts.
-
8/3/2019 Desert and Tundra Biome
20/52
Sahara Northern Africa 9,100,000 3,500,000
Gobi Mongolia/Northeastern China 1,300,000 500,000
Patagonian Argentina 670,000 260,000
Rub' al KhaliSouthernArabianPeninsula
650,000 250,000
Great Sandy NorthwesternAustralia 390,500 150,000
Largest Deserts in the World
Area 1 Desert Location sq km sq mi
-
8/3/2019 Desert and Tundra Biome
21/52
GreatVictoria
SouthwesternAustralia 390,500 150,000
Chihuahuan Mexico/SouthwesternUnited States 360,000 140,000
TaklaMakan Northern China 360,000 140,000
Sonoran Mexico/SouthwesternUnited States 310,000 120,000
Kalahari Southwestern Africa 260,000 100,000
Area 1 Desert Location sq km sq mi
-
8/3/2019 Desert and Tundra Biome
22/52
Kyzyl Kum Uzbekistan 260,000 100,000
Thar India/Pakistan 260,000 100,000Simpson Australia 100,000 40,000
Mohave southwestern UnitedStates 52,000 20,000
1) Desert areas are very approximate, becauseclear physical boundaries may not occur.
Area 1 Desert Location sq km sq mi
-
8/3/2019 Desert and Tundra Biome
23/52
The Saharais the largest
desert in theworld.Temperatures range frommore than54.4C(130F)
during theday to belowfreezing atnight.Sahara Desert
-
8/3/2019 Desert and Tundra Biome
24/52
Gobi Desert
The largest desert in Asia,the Gobi straddles theborder between Mongoliaand China. It contains aseries of basins that aredivided by low, flat-toppedranges and isolated hills,
as pictured here.
-
8/3/2019 Desert and Tundra Biome
25/52
Patagonian AndesPatagonia is a vastregion of desertplateaus insouthernArgentina. TheAndes Mountainsin Patagonia arecharacterized bythese soaringgranite pillars inTorres del PaineNational Park innearby Chile.
-
8/3/2019 Desert and Tundra Biome
26/52
Rubal Khali
-
8/3/2019 Desert and Tundra Biome
27/52
Takla MakanThe Takla Makan desert, a bleak region of driftingsand dunes, lies in northwestern China. Camels are
used for transport across the region.
-
8/3/2019 Desert and Tundra Biome
28/52
GreatSandy
Acacia, tussocks, and desert oaks survive in the harsh, aridconditions of Western Australias Great Sandy Desert. Locatedin the northwest between the Pilbara and Kimberley regions, thisred sand dune desert is believed to contain untapped mineralresources. More than half of Western Australia is desert andsparsely populated.
-
8/3/2019 Desert and Tundra Biome
29/52
Sonoran DesertLocated nearTucson,
Arizona,SaguaroNational Parkpreserves theSonoran
Deserthabitat of thesaguarocactus.Several
saguaroforests arelocated withinthe 370-sqkm (141-sq
mi) park.
-
8/3/2019 Desert and Tundra Biome
30/52
Kalahari Desert
-
8/3/2019 Desert and Tundra Biome
31/52
TUNDRABIOME
-
8/3/2019 Desert and Tundra Biome
32/52
General Description
Tundras are found inarctic regions; cold and
lack water; trees do notgrow
-
8/3/2019 Desert and Tundra Biome
33/52
Tundra, Arctic plains encompassingmost of Earths terrain north of theconiferous forest belt, dominated bycotton grass, heath, lichen, moss,sedge, and willow. Similar plains,called alpine tundra, occur above thetimberline in the high mountains ofthe world. The Antarctic region has afew areas of tundra as well.
-
8/3/2019 Desert and Tundra Biome
34/52
Tundra comes from the word tunturi, meaning treeless plain. It is noted for itsfrost- molded landscapes, extremely lowtemperatures, little precipitation, poornutrients and short growing seasons.
Dead organic materials function asnutrient pool. The two major nutrientsare nitrogen phosphorus. Nitrogen iscreated by biological fixation. Andphosphorus is created by precipitation.
-
8/3/2019 Desert and Tundra Biome
35/52
SPECIFIC DESCRIPTIONClimate: Cold and limited sunlight
Temperature: Average temperatureis 23 0F or -5 0C
Rainfall: Less than 25 cm annually
-
8/3/2019 Desert and Tundra Biome
36/52
Soil: Ground covered with little snow.
Below the surface soil is permanentlyfrozen (permafrost). Decompositionis very slow because of the extreme
cold.Vegetation: Lichens, mosses,
grasses, dwarf shrubs; trees cannotgrow because of extreme cold andfrozen ground
-
8/3/2019 Desert and Tundra Biome
37/52
HeatherAssorted cultivarsof the
representativegenus of the heathfamily, Erica, areseen here, together
with Scotchheather ( Calluna vulgaris ), a speciesfound over much ofthe cool-temperatearea of theNorthernHemisphere.
-
8/3/2019 Desert and Tundra Biome
38/52
LichenLichens, which arecommonly found onrocks, bark, or poorsoil, are compositeorganisms made upof a fungus and analga. The lichen
seen here growingon a tree is one ofthe fruticose lichens.It is made up of a
layer of algal cells, amiddle layer offungal hyphae, andan outer layer offungal tissue.
-
8/3/2019 Desert and Tundra Biome
39/52
Moss
There are over 14,000species of primitiveplants called mossesbelonging to the phylumBryophyta. Mostspecies are terrestrialand, although requiringabundant moisture, arehighly adaptable, livingon rocks, tree trunks,stumps, wooden
buildings, and asphaltroofing shingles.Several species areadapted for life in bogs,swamps, and streams.
-
8/3/2019 Desert and Tundra Biome
40/52
Animals: Reindeer, oxen, rabbits, caribou,and foxes
Adaptation: The animals like reindeer surviveby moving to other places when food becomes
scarce. The oxen are protected from cold bythick coats. The smaller animals like rabbitsand foxes burrow into the snow and feed ontiny bits of plants. Tundra inhabitants havewhite coats in winter and brown coats insummer. This change in coloration enablesthem to adapt to the season, protecting them
in winter and summer.
-
8/3/2019 Desert and Tundra Biome
41/52
Reindeer
In the spring the reindeer make their long
migration north to give birth and feast on thetender shoots of the tundra. In the winter theyreturn to the interior, digging up lichens withtheir large hooves. Roughly half of the world's 5million reindeer are domesticated, tended by
herders in Scandinavia and Russia.
Rangifer tarandus The reindeercovers the farnorthern forestsand tundra ofEurope, Asia, andNorth America(where it is calleda caribou). Unlike
other members ofthe deer family,both the male andfemale reindeergrow antlers.
-
8/3/2019 Desert and Tundra Biome
42/52
European Rabbit
Rabbits eat
grasses,cultivated plants,herbs, and bark.Rabbitssometimesdamagepastures and
farms byburrowing andeating crops.
-
8/3/2019 Desert and Tundra Biome
43/52
ArcticFox
The arctic fox wears two coats. Its warm-weather coat is gray-brown.During the winter, however, its fur is a thick, white camouflage
against a landscape of snow and ice, protection both from predatorsand from the harsh temperatures of tundra latitudes. The foxs smallsnout and ears also conserve heat, as do its fur-covered feet,reminiscent of a rabbits . Temperatures drop to -70 C (-94 F) beforethe arctic fox begins to shiver. A small number have blue coloration
in colder months, alternating to a rich brown in the summer.
-
8/3/2019 Desert and Tundra Biome
44/52
Collared Lemming
The collaredlemming is a small
rodent that is widelydistributedthroughout tundraregions of the
northernhemisphere.Lemmings providethe best-known
example ofirruption a type ofmigratory cycle thatoccurs in extremeclimates.
-
8/3/2019 Desert and Tundra Biome
45/52
Dall Sheep
Dall sheep,sometimes calledthinhorn sheep,inhabit cliff regionsin Alpine and Arctictundra areas ofnorthern BritishColumbia. Relatedto the musk ox andthe moutain goat,these sheep canhave either black,gray, or whitecoats, depending
on the subspecies.
-
8/3/2019 Desert and Tundra Biome
46/52
Common PtarmiganFound in tundra areas ofthe northern hemisphere,the rock ptarmigan is welladapted to its icyenvironment. Feathereddown to the toes, thisgrouse withstands severe
blizzards by digging aburrow in a snowdrift andwarming it with its ownbody heat. During the
summer months hens digshallow burrows in openground, in which theyincubate between 8 and13 eggs.
-
8/3/2019 Desert and Tundra Biome
47/52
This skilled climber is found on wet, cold cliffs and alpinetundra in the Rocky Mountains of the United States andCanada. Among mountain goats, Oreamnos americanus, the males mark rutting territory with a scent secreted fromglands behind the horns. Competing males do not buttheads but instead try to jab each other with their spikelikehorns.
Rocky
MountainGoat
Al k T d
-
8/3/2019 Desert and Tundra Biome
48/52
The vast tundra (Arctic plains) of Alaska, Siberia, and othersubpolar regions contains a layer of frozen subsoil calledpermafrost. The area of frozen ground has decreased due torising temperatures, and scientists are concerned that as thepermafrost melts it will release large amounts of methane, apotent greenhouse gas, into the atmosphere. This would
accelerate global warming.
Alaskan TundraGlobal warming hasbeen most dramaticin the Arctic, wheretemperatures haverisen almost twice
as much as theglobal average.
-
8/3/2019 Desert and Tundra Biome
49/52
Arctic Tundra
Tundra, or low-growing
vegetationincluding shrubs,grasses, mosses,and herbs, coversthe plains andcoastal regions ofthe Arctic. Shown
here is tundra inDenali NationalPark and
Preserve, Alaska.
-
8/3/2019 Desert and Tundra Biome
50/52
NorthernRussia
In far northern Russia, the treeless, frozen tundradisplays a brief burst of color with the appearance ofmosses, lichens, and shrubs during the shortsummer. In this region the ground is permanentlyfrozen to great depths, and even in summer only ashallow surface layer thaws.
-
8/3/2019 Desert and Tundra Biome
51/52
THANKYOU!!!
-
8/3/2019 Desert and Tundra Biome
52/52
GROUP 8