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Design and Guidance
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What areYour Choices
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Mitigation measure ( keeping Animals off the road)
Estimated effective-ness (%)
Balance ($/km/yr)
Best practice
(yes)
Animal detection systems (ADS)
82% $3,091 Yes
Increase vis. (vegetation removal)
38% $15,437 Yes
Fence (including dig barrier) 87% $32,728 Yes
Long bridges 100% $739,310
Long tunnels or long bridges 100% $1,458,060
Fence with gap and ADS 82% $24,461 Yes
Fence with underpasses 87% $30,628 Yes
Fence with overpasses 87% $10,003 Yes
Fence with under-and overpasses
87% $28,978 Yes
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Wildlife Fencing
•Effectivenss•Materials•Installation•Access Points•Costs•Maintenance
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• Increases the barrier effect• Potential negative effects to Dispersal and Migration
Reducing collisions with large &small mammals by keeping animals off roads
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Effectiveness
Fence with gap and ADS
82%
Fence with underpasses
87%
Fence with overpasses
87%
Fence with under-and overpasses
87%
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Type of Materials
Woven metal wire Chain LinkElectric
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Woven Metal Wire
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Chain Link Fence
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Table 3. Suggested fence height for selected large mammal species.4 Large UngulatesWoven Metal Wire
Fence HeightFurther
Recommendations
White-tailed deer 8-9 ft
Mule deer 8-9 ft
Elk 8-9 ft
Moose 8-9 ft
Mountain goat 8-9 ft
Bighorn sheep 10-12 ft1
Cougar 11 ft Finer mesh size, overhang
Wolf 8 ft
Black bear 8-9 ft Finer mesh size, overhang
Grizzly bear 8-9 ft
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Installation
Dig BarrierFence PostsAttaching Wire MessTop Wire
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Installation
LocationLengthAdding CrossingsExisting Crossings
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Escape Opportunities from the Right-of-Way
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Fencing Construction Costs
Highway Fencing Trans-Canada Highway in Banff National Park Can$25 per foot (2006)U.S. Highway 93 ( Montana) $9 to $12 per foot (2006 prices) [
Jump-outs $6,500 to $11,000
Wildlife Guards for Access Roads $30,000
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Maintenance
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Electric Fencing
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Fencing Summary
• Several Materials to select from• Need to keep in mind the types
of Wildlife• Fencing effectiveness• How it is installed is VERY
important• Costs and Maintenance concerns
must be recognized