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Design of LTPP Pavement Preservation Experiments
Prepared for RMWPPP Bozeman MT October 20, 2015
Gonzalo Rada, Ph.D., P.E. Amec Foster Wheeler E&I, Inc. Principal Investigator
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Agenda
1. Background 2. Overview of Experiment
Approach 3. Key Considerations 4. Experimental Designs &
Project Layouts 5. Getting Word Out
2
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1. Background
3
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LTPP Mission Increase pavement life by investigation of various designs of pavement structures and rehabilitated pavement structures, using different materials and under different loads, environments, subgrade soil, and maintenance practices
“Understand how pavements behave and why they behave as they do”
4
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Design pavement preservation experiments for the LTPP program
Enable LTPP to provide short- and long-term performance data on pavements relative to preservation technology
Verify preservation as a viable technology in extending pavement life
Document impacts of preservation to enable development and implementation of important products and tools
Project Objective
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PHASE I: 6. Expert Task Group (ETG) 1. Experiment Design 2. Materials Testing Plan
PHASE II: 3. Performance Monitoring Requirements 4. Construction Requirements for RSCs 5. Other Data Collection Needs 7. Marketing and Technical Support
Project Phases & Tasks
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Provide review/feedback throughout development of experiment
Expert Task Group (ETG)
Anita Bush (Nevada DOT)
Colin Franco (Rhode Island DOT)
Morgan Kessler (FHWA) David Luhr (Washington
State DOT)
Magdy Mikhail (Texas DOT)
Jim Moulthrop (FP2) Larry Scofield (IGGA) Roger Smith (Texas
A&M University) Ben Worel (MnROAD)
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ETG Phase I Activities
January 22, 2015 kick-off webinar April 23, 2015 face-to-face meeting
in Reno, NV July 28, 2015 webinar September 11 and 14, 2015
webinars
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2. Overview of Experiment Approach
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LTPP Pavement Preservation Experiments
SPS-11 AC Pavement Preservation Study
SPS-12 PCC Pavement Preservation Study
Two experiments; consistent with other LTPP experiments
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Experimental Approach Segregate treatment types and pavement
project locations into discrete groups Apply same preservation treatment, at
different times, on same pavement structure LTPP focus is on timing/distress propagation
rates, while NCAT/MnROAD studies and others focus on treatment comparisons…
LTPP and NCAT/MnROAD studies complement / supplement each other
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Example SPS-11 Project 6 test sections – 1 control (no overlay) and 5 treatment sections:
12
Trea
tmen
t Tes
t Sec
tion
5 (8
yea
rs)
Trea
tmen
t Tes
t Sec
tion
3 (4
yea
rs)
Trea
tmen
t Tes
t Sec
tion
1 (0
yea
rs)
Con
trol
Tes
t Sec
tion
Trea
tmen
t Tes
t Sec
tion
2 (2
yea
rs)
Trea
tmen
t Tes
t Sec
tion
4 (6
yea
rs)
Traffic
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Approach Motivations Each pavement has unique distress
propagation rate Only one treatment required per project:
• Reduce number of test sections required • Tailoring timing of treatments • Enhance implementation (agencies with
experience with specific treatment more willing to participate)
Meaningful results not reliant on other project sites, etc.
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Approach Shortcomings Materials (aggregate source, binder type,
etc.), equipment and/or contractor responsible for placement of treatment may vary from one year to another As along as changes are captured by LTPP, benefits outweigh negatives
Uncertainty as to State DOTs’ level of comfort with approach Reaction to date has been very good
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3. Key Considerations
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Key Experiment Factors
Pavement preservation treatments Pavement type and age Climate Traffic Replicate and repeat test sections Supplemental test sections
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AC Pavements (SPS-11)
• Thin HMA overlays (< 1 inch thick) • Chip seals • Micro Surfacing • Crack seals • Fog seals • Slurry seals • Other seals • Mill & fill • Patching • Nova Chip
Preservation Treatments
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PCC Pavements (SPS-12) • Diamond grinding & dowel bar retrofit • Joint sealants • Joint penetrating sealers • Concrete surface hardeners • Partial depth patching • Full depth patching • Crack sealing • Slab repair/replacement
Preservation Treatments
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Pavement Types
19
SPS-11: • Original AC pavement • AC overlay of existing AC pavement (AC/AC) • AC overlay of existing PCC pavement AC/PCC)
SPS-12 : • Original jointed plain concrete pavement
(JPCP) • Original reinforced concrete pavement (JRCP) • Original CRCP pavement • PCC overlay of existing PCC pavement
(PCC/PCC)
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Pavement Age SPS-11:
• AC overlays of AC pavements < 4 years SPS-12:
• Original jointed plain PCC pavements < 4 to 10 years
Pavement in “good” condition
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Climate Thresholds: Precipitation of 20
inches/year Freezing Index of
150°F-days/year
MERRA data
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Traffic: Volumes SPS-11 experiment considers both
volumes and ESALs, while SPS-12 only considers ESALs
SHRP Report No. R26-RR-2 “Guidelines for the Preservation of High-Traffic-Volume Roadways” • Low < 5,000 vpd • High > 5,000 vpd
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Traffic: ESALs Same approach and threshold value as in
SPS-10 WMA experiment for both SPS-11 and -12 experiments • Low – less than 500,000 ESALs per year • High – greater than 500,000 ESALs per year
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SPS-11 Traffic Levels
24
100,000 200,000 300,000 400,000 500,000 600,000 700,000 800,000 > 900,0001,0002,0003,0004,0005,0006,0007,0008,000
> 9,000
Annual ESALs
Ve
hic
les p
er
Da
y
LOW
HIGH
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Replicates, Repeats & Supplemental
25
Replicates: Two per experimental cell; will depend on
funding Repeat: Control test section plus test sections that
have not received treatment Supplemental: Highly encouraged; will be supported and
monitored by LTPP
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4. Experimental Designs & Project Layouts
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SPS-11 Matrix
27
Mois
ture
Tempe
ratu
re
Sub-Experiment / Treatment
High Low High Low High Low High LowTra
ffic
Wet Dry
Freeze No Freeze Freeze No Freeze
Thin AC OverlayChip SealMicro-Surfacing
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Typical SPS-11 Layout
28
Trea
tmen
t Tes
t Sec
tion
5 (8
yea
rs)
Trea
tmen
t Tes
t Sec
tion
3 (4
yea
rs)
Trea
tmen
t Tes
t Sec
tion
1 (0
yea
rs)
Con
trol
Tes
t Sec
tion
Trea
tmen
t Tes
t Sec
tion
2 (2
yea
rs)
Trea
tmen
t Tes
t Sec
tion
4 (6
yea
rs)
Traffic
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Timing of Treatments
29
• Treatment Section 1 – 0 years from inclusion
• Treatment Section 2 – 2 years from inclusion
• Treatment Section 3 – 4 years from inclusion
• Treatment Section 4 – 6 years from inclusion
• Treatment Section 5 – 8 years from inclusion
Schedule can be changed: • Accelerated (e.g., 0, 2, 3, 4 and 5 years) if deterioration
rate is higher than anticipated
• Decelerated (e.g., 0, 2, 5, 9 and 12) if condition of pavement remains stable
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SPS-12 Matrix
30
Mois
ture
Tempera
ture
Treatment High Low High Low High Low High LowTra
ffic
Freeze No Freeze Freeze No Freeze
DryWet
Diamond Grinding & Dowel Bar Retrofit
Joint Sealant
Joint Penetrating Sealers
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Diamond Grinding & DBR
31
Diam
ond
Grin
ding
(5
yea
rs)
Diam
ond
Grin
ding
&
DBR
(5 y
ears
)
Con
trol
Tes
t Se
ctio
n
Diam
ond
Grin
ding
(0
yea
rs)
Diam
ond
Grin
ding
&
DBR
(0 y
ears
)
Diam
ond
Grin
ding
(1
0 ye
ars)
Diam
ond
Grin
ding
&
DBR
(10
year
s)
Traffic
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Joint Sealant
32
(Cap/Replace Sealant)
Capp
ed S
eala
nt a
t Ye
ar 1
0; R
epla
ced
@ 1
0 ye
ar In
terv
als
Repl
ace
Seal
ant @
Ye
ar 1
0; R
epla
ce @
10
yea
r Int
erva
ls
Con
trol
: No
Seal
ant
Cont
rol:
Seal
ant
Mai
ntai
ned
Cont
rol:
Seal
ant
kept
As-
Is
Capp
ed S
eala
nt a
t Ye
ar 5
; Rep
lace
d @
5
year
Inte
rval
s
Repl
ace
Seal
ant @
Ye
ar 5
; Rep
lace
@
5 ye
ar In
terv
als
Traffic
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Penetrating Sealer
33
Seal
er a
t Yea
r 5; R
e-
Appl
y @
5 y
ear I
nter
vals
Seal
er a
t Yea
r 5; D
o N
ot
Re-A
pply
Con
trol
: No
Join
t Se
alan
t (re
mov
e if
pres
ent);
No
Seal
erCo
ntro
l: Jo
int S
eala
nt
Mai
ntai
ned;
No
seal
er
Cont
rol:
Join
t Sea
lant
@
Year
0, b
ut N
ot
Mai
ntai
ned;
No
seal
er
Seal
er a
t Yea
r 0; R
e-
Appl
y @
2 y
ear I
nter
vals
Seal
er a
t Yea
r 0; D
o N
ot
Re-A
pply
Traffic
(Silanes or Siloxanes)
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Typical Test Section
34
100 ft 50 ft 500 ft 50 ft 100 ft
Sam
plin
g Ar
ea
Buff
er A
rea
Test
Sec
tion
Buff
er A
rea
Sam
plin
g Ar
ea
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5. Getting Word Out
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Meetings & Conferences FHWA LTPP Pavement Preservation ETG
Webinar, January 2015 FHWA LTPP Team Meeting, Reno, NV,
April 2015 FHWA LTPP Pavement Preservation ETG
Meeting, Reno, NV, April 2015 TRB LTPP Committee Meeting,
Washington, D.C., May 2015 FHWA Emulsion Task Force, Denver, CO,
June 2015
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Meetings & Conferences FHWA LTPP Pavement Preservation ETG
Webinar, July 2015 AASHTO Subcommittee on Materials
Meeting, Pittsburg, PA, August 2015 FHWA LTPP Pavement Preservation ETG
Webinar, January 2015 Midwestern Pavement Preservation
Partnership, Kansas City, KS, September 2015
TRB LSPEC Committee Meeting, Washington, D.C., October 2015
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Meetings & Conferences Rocky Mountain West Pavement Preservation
Partnership, Bozeman, MT, October 2015 TRB LTPP State Coordinators Meeting,
Washington, D.C., January 2016 TRB LTPP Technical Session, Washington, D.C.,
January 2016 TRB AHD20 Committee on Pavement
Maintenance Meeting, Washington, D.C., January 2016
TRB AHD18 Committee on Pavement Preservation Meeting, Washington, D.C., January 2016
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Meetings & Conferences National Conference on Pavement
Preservation, Nashville, TN, October 2016
Others?
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40