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Designing Networks of Marine Protected Areas to be Resilient to Climate Change:
A Case Study From Kimbe Bay, PNG
Alison Green, The Nature Conservancy
Photo: David Wachenfeld
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Rising sea temperatures
Sea level rise
Changing ocean chemistry
Increasing severity and frequency major storms
Changes in precipitation, droughts & land run-off
Changing ocean currents
Climate ChangeMajor Threats
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Resilience Principles for MPA Network Deign
•Spreading risk through representation and replication•Identifying and protecting critical areas, particularly those
more likely to survive•Understanding and incorporating patterns of connectivity •Ensuring reefs are as healthy as possible
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Habitats Most Likely to SurviveTopography
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Habitats Most Likely to SurviveAdjacent Land Use
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Kimbe Bay, Papua New Guinea
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World’s First Scientific Design of a Resilient MPA Network Design
Areas of Interest
Kimbe Bay, Papua New Guinea
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Resilient MPA Network Design Training
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Questions?
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Resilience PrinciplesRisk spreading (representation & replication)
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Resilience PrinciplesAddressing other threats
overfishingdestructive fishing practices
forestry large scale agriculture
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Global bleaching reports to 1998 (ReefBase)
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Global bleaching reports to 2003 (ReefBase)
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Wide variety of marine habitats in close proximity Shallow water (coral reefs, seagrasses, mangroves)Deepwater habitats (oceanic waters, seamounts etc)
• Most in good to excellent condition, high conservation value:• Coral Triangle (global center of marine biodiversity)
• Globally significant oceanic waters (toothed whales & pelagic fish)
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Large, well defined bay (140 x 70 kms)Natural seascape for MPA network design
Dramatic bathymetry: coastal shelf (to 200m), most deep (600 to >2000m)
Kimbe Bay
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Climate Change is Here!
Profound impacts on coral reefs and associated ecosystems
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Resilience PrinciplesUnderstanding and incorporating
patterns of connectivity
©Australian Coral Reef Society
Australian Coral Reef Society
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Resilience PrinciplesUnderstanding and incorporating
patterns of connectivity