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Developing food safety systemsinternationally: Experiences from
India and Codex Alimentarius
S. Dave Director - APEDAand Chair - CAC
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Structure of Keynote Presentation
� India – domestic experience
� India – international experience (Codex)
� The Iceberg
� Codex and action points for us
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l India - domestic experience
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� 30 States, 7 Union Territories; 2.97 million sq. Km.
� 585 Districts; 638,596 Villages; 22 official languages
� One-tenth of world’s arable land (169 million Ha)
� One-fifth of world’s irrigated land (56 million Ha)
� Coastline of 8000 km, vast marine wealth; 10 major ports
� India is third largest food producer(China: 856 m MT; USA: 608 m MT; India: 601 m MT)
� Grocery market (154 bn $) - 77% of total retail sales
� Total expenditure on food: > 21% of GDP
� Rising expense on meat, egg, fish, coffee, tea, cocoa
Facts about India
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Why FSS Act..?
� Multiple food laws, and enforcement agencies
� Varied standards restricting innovation
� Limited manpower, poor labs. & other resources
� Standards rigid, non-responsive to scientificadvancements and modernization
� Poor level of consumer interface5
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How FSSA integrates..?
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Key Features of the Act
☺ Shift to a single line of command
☺ FSSAI is the single reference point
☺ Effective and transparent regulatory framework
☺ Decentralisation of licensing
☺ Integrated response to Novel / GM foods, trade, etc.
☺ Achieve high degree of consumer confidence
☺ Adequate information to consumers for informed choice
☺ Mechanism for speedy disposal of cases7
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Chief Executive Officer
Chief Scientific Advisor Chief
Surveillance
Officer
Chief
Enforcement
Officer
Chief, Product Approvals
and Quality Assurance
Chief, Management
Services Officer
• Standards development
(based on
Codex)
• Research
• Scientific Reference
• International Science Cooperation
• Scientific Outreach
• Committee / panel support
FOOD AUTHORITY (FSSAI)
FOOD AUTHORITY (FSSAI)
• Risk/Crisis Management
• Epidemiology
• Clinical Surveillance
• Human
Resources
• Information Technology
• Communication and Public Relations
• International Relations
• Compliance
• Inspection
• Prosecution
• Regulated Product Approval
• Oversight for self regulations
• Food safety and Biosafety approvals
• Inter-agency approvals
• Accrediting and Monitoring third party certification & labs
• Providing and reviewing protocols for critical product validation tests
Central Advisory Committee
( 22 members )
Finance Division
Vigilance Division
Scientific Committee and Panels
( 8 panels )
Codex Cell
Central Food
Laboratories (72)
FSSAI set up in Sept. 2008
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� Central Advisory Committee� Scientific Committee and Panels (8)
� Food additives, flavourings, processing aids and materials in contact with food
� Biological hazards� Contaminants in the food chain� Labeling and claims / advertisements� Method of sampling and analysis� Pesticides and antibiotic residues� Genetically modified organisms and foods� Functional foods, nutraceuticals, dietetic products, etc.
Committees and Panels of FSSAI
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India - international experience
� Table Grapes (traceability)
� Organic Products (best practices, equivalence, conformity assessment)
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Maharashtra
Andhra PradeshKarnataka
Grape growingstates of India
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� STAGE I: Government of India Regulation - Regulation of Export of Fresh Grapes from India through monitoring of pesticide residues
� Standards to meet international market standards
� Agencies to test compliance with these standards
� No export of fresh grapes to EU without adherenceto this procedure
� STAGE II: IT enabled the regulation, compliance and monitoring
� Integrating all stakeholders in the supply chain of grapesexport from India in a centralized database
Implementation by India
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Traceability live
� Traceability through labels pasted on pallets / cartons
� Pasted in barcode andhuman readable format
� Leads to farms from where grapes were sourced
� Helps importers manage their inventory
Screen shot from GrapeNetGrapeNetGrapeNetGrapeNet13
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Major Gains
☺ Self confidence among farmers
☺ Culture for food quality and safety
☺ Farmers earned 40% more value
☺ Benefits went to 40,000 farmers and 132 exporters
☺ FOB realization: 8 Euro 11.5 Euro for 5 kg.
☺ Value - addition through improved packaging
☺ EU labs accepted that Indian labs are better
☺ Zero paper-work; total accountability; works 24 x 714
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India’s export market fororganic products
United States
E UJapan
Others
Source: APEDA16
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☺ Set standards for Organic Production (NPOP)
☺ Qualified inspectors with agriculture background
☺ Best Practices for Accreditation (ISO-17011); Certification (ISO-65); Lab. testing (ISO-17025)
☺ Regular training of inspectors, Certification Bodies and Evaluation Committee
☺ Group Certification (small farm holdings)
What has been India’s focus…?
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What were the next steps…?
� Continue best practices at all levels
� Develop more Certification Bodies for competition andbetter delivery of services
� Initiate equivalence negotiations: EU and US (Codex)
� Introduce Traceability throughout the chain (Codex)
� Implement NPOP for domestic market
� Set standards for organic all livestock products,aquaculture and textiles
� Invest in promotion18
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India’s Export of Organic Products
0
10000
20000
30000
40000
50000
60000
70000
Volume(MT)
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011until Sept.Year
Quantity exported 90,000 MTby end of year
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Let’s talk about Codex…
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Relevance of Codex to members
� Based on scientific principles and risk analysis � Consensus based approach – truly global
� Covers a wide range – products, codes of practice, methods, MRLs, audits, ethics, equivalence, etc.
� Easy to harmonize national legislations� Provides flexibility in adaptation� Exchange of information is standardized� Saves time and facilitates trade� Helps settle differences� Reference standard in WTO
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Issues currently under discussion
� Codex Strategic Plan 2014 -19
� Private standards
� Participation of developing countries
� Capacity building of developing countries
� National Food Control Systems
� Veterinary drugs
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The Iceberg
Codex Codex
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24 Consumer Consumer Consumer Consumer
Codex Standards and Texts
National Standards
Private Standards
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Legal Standard
A Legal Standard
B
Private Standard
A
Private Standard
BLegal
ProcedureA
Legal Procedure
B
Private Procedure
A
Private Procedure
B
AuditAud
it
Aud
it
Audit
Audit
Audit
AuditAudit
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Legal Standard
A Legal Standard
B
Private Standard
A
Private Standard
BLegal
ProcedureA
Legal Procedure
B
Private Procedure
A
Private Procedure
B
AuditAud
it
Aud
it
Audit
Audit
Audit
AuditAudit
Better, I eat Better, I eat myselfmyself ……!!!!
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The Solution…!
Harmonise with Codex…
� Helpful in absence of national standards
� Orients standardized process of food safety
� Overall development of consumer health / safety
� Facilitates equivalence process
� Facilitates export to developed markets
� Let’s support single standard across the globe
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� Identify specific capacity building needs of countries
� Encourage countries to harmonize standards with Codex
� Develop guidance documents for small business / farmers
(e.g., GAP, organic, conformity assessment)
� Facilitate equivalence, conformity assessment
� Help developing countries introduce food safety education
� Encourage pvt. std. setting bodies engage with Codex
� Remove any negative perceptions about speed of Codex
� Enhance global awareness for Codex - the bench-mark
Action Points
How can WE help…??
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Global Awareness for Codex
The Three Sisters:
Animal Health
Plant Health
Human Health ??29
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Together, we makeTogether, we make
that differencethat difference ……