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Development Cooperation in Fragile Contexts
Presentation on the Occasion of the
5th Annual Meeting of the Practitioners‘ Network
Isabelle Steimer
Promotional Policy, EU & international Development Cooperation
Jens Clausen
Crisis Response & Governance Asia
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Contents
1. Financial Cooperation in Fragile States
2. Case Example 1: The Peace Fund in the Democratic Republic of the Congo
3. Case Example 2: Pakistan-Afghanistan-Tajikistan Regional Integration Programme (PATRIP)
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Financial Cooperation in Fragile States – Escaping the Vicious Circle
WeakGovernment
Urgent Need of Recon-struction
Risk of Crisis/
Violence
State-Building;„Legitimate State“
Rapid Successes have Psychological Impact:
„Peace Dividend“
Investment in Economy and Infrastructure
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Financial Cooperation in Fragile States
Areas of conflict in the design of projects in fragile states:
Non-Governm. Actors
Sectoral Objectives
Non-Discrimination
Predictability
Governmental Actors
Stabilisation Objectives
Positive Discrimination
Flexibility
Partners
Objectives
Target Group
Structure
Quick Impact Structural Reconstr.Sustainability
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The Peace Fund in the DR Congo
Case Example 1:
The Peace Fund in the
Democratic Republic of the Congo
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DR Congo – Situation Then and Now
● Disastrous civil war from 1997 to 2002● Peace agreement in 2002 and first free elections in 2006
improvement of security situation; high economic growth rate● But still…
…continuous regional fightings between army and rebel groups
…DR Congo is one of the least developed countries in the world
…economic situation is marked by high unemployment, high corruption rate and insufficient legal security
● Especially in the east part the trust of the
population in the state is very low● Lack of perspectives leads to incentives
to join criminal activities
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The Concept of the Peace Fund: Creating Perspectives, Supporting Peace-Building
● Three main kinds of projects:● Social infrastructure, economic
infrastructure and agriculture
● Programme Objective: ● The different projects create
income and employment● Regional business circles are stimulated
● Overall Development Objective:● People get a perspective and lose
incentives to engage in criminal activities● Reconstruction of the State-Society
Relationship: People gain trust in their government
Peace Fund supports the consolidation of peace and the reduction of poverty
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The Peace Fund in the DR Congo
Area 2 of the project
Area 1 of the project
Main areas of rebel activity
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Facts
● The Peace Fund started in 2008● Total commitments by the BMZ (German Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and
Development): EUR 50m (EUR 20m in preparation)● 45 projects in the regions of Kinshasa, Maniema and Nord-/South-Kivu
● Status quo of project development:● 472 class rooms built● 41 health centers rehabilitated● 2.842 hectares of land re-cultivated● 446 rural roads rehabilitated● Rehabilitation of the essential transport axis
between Obokote and Punia● Over 1600 permanent posts created● More than 70.000 months of short term
contracts
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Project Regions
Kinshasa North-Kivu Maniema South-Kivu
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The Peace Fund:Special Situations need Special Requirements
● Trade-off State <-> NGO:● Involvement of Congolese government necessary to build up legitimate state
But: state often has low capacities and/or little development-orientated policies Alternative: working with NGOs (local NGOs know the needs of the population)
● Solution: the administrative structure of the
Peace Fund involves both actors (s. fig.)● State is involved in the decision process;
population observes the state as a
supporter of development● Local NGOs have the possibility to suggest
projects (allows Peace Fund to react flexibly with upcoming problems) ● Additionally, the civil society is represented in the Comité de Pilotage
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Administrative Structure of the Peace Fund
German Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development (BMZ)
GOPA(Management
of Fund)KfW
Congolesian Ministry of Planning
Local and international NGO‘s carry out projects
Comité de Pilotage(Composed of members of
civil society, church, economy and state)
Provides equity and commitments for projects
Contracts
Preselects
Suggests pre-selection of NGOs
(Dis-)approves pre-selection
(Dis-)approves decisions
Selects
Mandate of
Implementation
Make suggestions
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Lessons Learned: Strengths and Challenges of the Peace Fund
● High flexibility
● Quick impact
● Large target group
● Employment generation
● Visibility due to large volume („Light House“)
● Strengthening civil society
● Accompanying measures (DNH, HIV/Aids,
Visibility)
● ysdStrengths Challenges
● Low capacities of NGO
● Large project intervention area
● Conflicting interests of state actors
● Reduced sustainability
● Security situation high costs
Intensive support needed
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Outlook
● The fifth stage of the Peace Fund (EUR 20m) is planned to begin at the end of 2012● Perspectives:
● Higher integration of governmental
administration into the planning process● Further increase of sustainability
of projects ● Higher cooperation between
donor organisations● Additional component:
violence prevention in Kinshasa
Thanks for your attention!
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Contact
Philipp Wyrsch KfW Development Bank
Principal Projectmanager Palmengartenstraße 5–9
Peace and Conflict Division 60325 Frankfurt am Main
South and Central Africa
Phone: 069 / 7431-4643
Carla Berke KfW Development BankDivision Chief Palmengartenstraße 5–9 Peace and Conflict Division 60325 Frankfurt am MainSouth and Central Africa
Phone: 069 / [email protected]
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Regional Integration of Border Areas
Pakistan-Afghanistan-Tajikistan Regional Integration Programme
PATRIP Foundation
Jens Clausen
Division Chief
Crisis Response & Governance Asia
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PATRIPRegional integration of border areas
● Ethnic groups overlap the border areas between Pakistan – Afghanistan - Tajikistan
● Regional integration crossing the border lines is therefore necessary
● This contributes to stabilization of fragile and underdeveloped areas.
Baluchi Pashtun
Tajik
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Pakistan – Afghanistan – Tajikistan Regional Integration Programme (PATRIP)
● PATRIP is a governance programme in fragile border areas where well – rooted NGOs support (weak) local and provincial governments to find access to the local population which have little confidence in their government.
● Through the PATRIP Foundation international donors provide pooled funds for NGOs.
● Total funds so far provided by PATRIP total to about EUR 20 million.
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PATRIPObjectives and Concept
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● PATRIP aims to improve legal cross-border traffic
which will contribute to integration of these border
areas and finally to stability
● Programm Area: close border districts in Afghanistan,
Pakistan and Tajikistan
● Measures: small to mid-scale social and economic
infrastructure
● Selection: by the local communities, local administration
and / or by non-governmental organisations
● Implementation: by international or national non-
governmental organisations in consultation with local
governments
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PATRIP: Close border ProjectsAfghanistan -Tajikistan
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● Total Funds donated by the German Federal Foreign Office and
by Luxembourg for this area: EUR 14 million
● Programme area: the border areas between Afghanistan and
Tajikistan
● Main Implementing Partner here is the Aga Khan Development
Network (AKDN)
A f g h a n i s t a n
Vanj Bridge and river stabilization along Panj river - close border road
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PATRIP – Projects between Tajikistan and Afghanistan Aga Khan Development Network (AKDN)
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AKDN:Bridges, roads, river stabilization, transmission lines from Tajikistan to Afghanistan along the border river
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PATRIP: Border projects between Afghanistan and Tajikistan
● Bridges and adjacent close border markets promote regional exchange
● River bank stabilization to preserve agricultural land
● Close border markets stimulate economic development in fragile areas
Vanj Bridge along border
Markets close to bridges and border lines
River bank stabilization close to border
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PATRIP – Projects in border areas of Afghanistan - Pakistan
Projects in Balochistan by NGO “BRSP“
Projects in FATA by NGO „CAMP“
esp. roads & bridges across the border
Projects in Paktia (AFG) by NGO “ORD“
(e.g. schools for Pakistani and Afghan students in Afghan border area)
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Organizational Set - up
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The PATRIP Foundation welcomes other donors to provide funds for these border area programme to be implemented by NGOs.
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Contact
Daniela Henrike Klau-Panhans KfW Development Bank
Principal Projectmanager Palmengartenstraße 5–9
Crisis Response and Governance 60325 Frankfurt am Main
Asia
Phone 069 / 7431-2634
Jens Clausen KfW Development BankDivision Chief Palmengartenstraße 5–9 Crisis Response and Governance 60325 Frankfurt am MainAsia
Phone 069 / [email protected]