Download - Developments in thermochemical heat storage
Developments in thermochemical heat storage
8th Swiss Symposium Thermal Energy Storage – January 22nd 2021, HSLU Lucerne / held online
Dr. Luca Baldini – Empa, Building Energy Systems and Technologies Group BESTDr. Paul Gantenbein – OST, Institute for Solar Technology SPF
Overview thermochemical reactions/materials
8th Swiss Symposium Thermal Energy Storage - January 22nd 2021, HSLU Lucerne - Dr. Luca Baldini and Dr. Paul Gantenbein 2
Yu, N., R. Wang, and L. Wang, Sorption thermal storage for solar energy.Progress in Energy and Combustion Science, 2013. 39(5): p. 489-514.
Thermochemical energy storage - publications
8th Swiss Symposium Thermal Energy Storage - January 22nd 2021, HSLU Lucerne - Dr. Luca Baldini and Dr. Paul Gantenbein 3
Sorption storage (TES) - publications
8th Swiss Symposium Thermal Energy Storage - January 22nd 2021, HSLU Lucerne - Dr. Luca Baldini and Dr. Paul Gantenbein 4
IEA SHC32
IEA SHC42
IEA SHC58
Sorption storage process types
8th Swiss Symposium Thermal Energy Storage - January 22nd 2021, HSLU Lucerne - Dr. Luca Baldini and Dr. Paul Gantenbein 5
Fumey, B., R. Weber, and L. Baldini, Sorption based long-term thermal energy storage – Process classification and analysis of performance limitations: A review. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2019. 111: p. 57-74.
NaOH considered as sorbento Allowing for high volumetric
energy storageo Low cost / high availability
storage material(50wt%: 180 $/m3, i.e. ~ 0.5-0.8 $/kWh)
LiBr-H2O and LiCl-H2O are potential alternativeso Higher costso Competing with Li batteries
Liquid sorption – Sodium hydroxide (NaOH)
8th Swiss Symposium Thermal Energy Storage - January 22nd 2021, HSLU Lucerne - Dr. Luca Baldini and Dr. Paul Gantenbein 6
0.00E+00
2.00E+05
4.00E+05
6.00E+05
8.00E+05
1.00E+06
1.20E+06
1.40E+06
20.0 30.0 40.0 50.0 60.0 70.0 80.0 90.0 100.0
DF (J
/kg)
c(H2O) (wt.%)
Absorption potential DF in function of load c
LiBr-H2O
NaOH-H2O
LiCl-H2O
Dc(NaOH-H2O)
Liquid
Solid(crystallization)
room temperature
Development roadmap
8th Swiss Symposium Thermal Energy Storage - January 22nd 2021, HSLU Lucerne - Dr. Luca Baldini and Dr. Paul Gantenbein 7
Phys
ical
scal
e
2014-2016 Time2017 2018 2020
COMTES pilot plant
Rededesign of heat and mass exchanger
Heat and mass exchanger upscaling
ehub / NEST demonstratorplant
2019
Lab-scale testing
Spiral finned tube HMX - Lab-scale test rig
8th Swiss Symposium Thermal Energy Storage - January 22nd 2021, HSLU Lucerne - Dr. Luca Baldini and Dr. Paul Gantenbein 8
Fumey, B., R. Weber, and L. Baldini, Applied Energy, 2017. 200: p. 215-225. doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.05.056.
Liquid sorption modelling / building integration
8th Swiss Symposium Thermal Energy Storage - January 22nd 2021, HSLU Lucerne - Dr. Luca Baldini and Dr. Paul Gantenbein 9
SH Tank
Dry fluid coil
TankssupplydiverterDHWpriority
Brine/WaterHeatPump
High concentration tank Distilled water tank
DHW Tank
SorptionreactorHeating
loopHX
Low concentration tank
Stratos Tzinnis, Master thesis, ETH Zurich / Empa, 2020.
Seasonal load shifting / CO2 emission reduction
8th Swiss Symposium Thermal Energy Storage - January 22nd 2021, HSLU Lucerne - Dr. Luca Baldini and Dr. Paul Gantenbein 10
Baldini, L. and B. Fumey, Seasonal Energy Flexibility Through Integration of Liquid Sorption Storage in Buildings. Energies, 2020. 13(11): p. 2944.
o Power Unit: Tube Bundle -Heat and Mass Transfer Unit
o Absorber - Desorber (A-D)
Technology Development
8th Swiss Symposium Thermal Energy Storage - January 22nd 2021, HSLU Lucerne - Dr. Luca Baldini and Dr. Paul Gantenbein 11Liquid on Single Tube / Process Development
liquid flow
Heat & Mass Transfer UnitContaining Vacuum Envelope Simple dismountable A-D
(concept: gas / oil burner)
vapour flow
𝒈gravity
8th Swiss Symposium Thermal Energy Storage - January 22nd 2021, HSLU Lucerne - Dr. Luca Baldini and Dr. Paul Gantenbein 12
Optical visualisation of tube surface wetting - falling film formation
A-D: Optimized six-tube HMX
• Characterisation of the 5 falling film A/D HMX were carried out in both absorption and desorption modus
=> exchanged power, concentration difference as well as heat and mass transfer coefficients and process efficiencyeach HMX are the main output. => Absorption Discharging: temperature lift DT (TA -TE) = 35 K (TE 15 °C) & Dc = 10 wt.%
• Optical characterisation opened the view to some HMX weakness and initiated the start to develop versions with optimised geometries
• Encouraging results obtained with the optimised mesh wrapped tube geometry (up to 25 % more power compared to the reference smooth tube geometry in absorption - discharging - mode)
flow
Power and Concentration Change
Design of a laboratory test rigo Design and construction of a
test rig dedicated to the investigation on heat and mass exchangers as key components of an storage system
o Accurate control and monitoring of the process parameters of the heat and mass exchanger units and the lye feed (subsystem)
Liquid sorption storage – Falling film HMX
8th Swiss Symposium Thermal Energy Storage - January 22nd 2021, HSLU Lucerne - Dr. Luca Baldini and Dr. Paul Gantenbein 13
Experimental 1 kW absorption-desorption test rig
CAD view of the top part of 1 kW absorption-desorption test rig
Absorber/Desorber (A/D) unit
Balance
Magnetic stirrers
Radar level meters
Sorbent tanks (low and high concentration)
Sorbent pre-heating
Evaporator/Condenser (E/C) unit
Concentration measurement
Stainless steel frame
Hydraulic connections to the
bottom unit
Water tank
E-C
A-D A-D E-C
Tanks
Dosing Pumps
Tanks
Tubes
Major learnings:o Challenging to meet the goals of high concentration difference while achieving
sufficiently large power densitieso There are still mass transfer mechanisms/effects taking place in the HMX which are not
fully understood/exploited yeto There is the potential for low cost equipment and further process optimisation will
further improve this
Further researcho Further experimental assessment and systematic performance improvement of HMX
designo Building integration simulations, hardware-in-the-loop testing, real-scale implementation
and demonstration
Liquid sorption storage
8th Swiss Symposium Thermal Energy Storage - January 22nd 2021, HSLU Lucerne - Dr. Luca Baldini and Dr. Paul Gantenbein 14
Contact:[email protected]@ost.ch
Supported by:
Thank you for your attention…
8th Swiss Symposium Thermal Energy Storage - January 22nd 2021, HSLU Lucerne - Dr. Luca Baldini and Dr. Paul Gantenbein 15