Glass Expansion
Developments on Developments on the Front End of the Front End of
Your ICPYour ICP
Optimizing Performance and Optimizing Performance and Reliability of ICP-AES and Reliability of ICP-AES and
ICP-MSICP-MS
Glass Expansion
ICP Sample Intro ICP Sample Intro AdvancesAdvances
• Advances in Concentric Glass Advances in Concentric Glass nebulizersnebulizers
• Low-Flow & Microflow nebulizersLow-Flow & Microflow nebulizers• Advances in Cyclonic Spray Advances in Cyclonic Spray
ChambersChambers• New RF CoilsNew RF Coils
ICP Front-end Developments
Glass Expansion
Concentric Glass Concentric Glass NebulizersNebulizers
• Self-aspirating via Bernoulli principleSelf-aspirating via Bernoulli principle• High precisionHigh precision• Small mean droplet sizeSmall mean droplet size• Small orificesSmall orifices• Not applicable to all samplesNot applicable to all samples
ICP Front-end Developments
Glass Expansion
Concentric Glass Concentric Glass NebulizersNebulizers
Internal Capillary ComparisonInternal Capillary Comparison
• Rugged thick-walled Rugged thick-walled conical constructionconical construction
• Machined from Machined from heavy stockheavy stock
• Uniform internal Uniform internal channelchannel
• Nebulizer conformityNebulizer conformity
• Thin-walled Thin-walled capillarycapillary
• Drawn glass from Drawn glass from tubingtubing
• Variable internal Variable internal channelchannel
VitriCone Drawn Capillary
ICP Front-end Developments
Glass Expansion
Nebulizer MaintenanceNebulizer MaintenanceEluo™ Nebulizer CleanerEluo™ Nebulizer Cleaner
• Rugged plastic constructionRugged plastic construction• Large volume barrelLarge volume barrel• Nebulizer locking mechanismNebulizer locking mechanism• Remove stubborn clogsRemove stubborn clogs• Maintain with daily cleaningMaintain with daily cleaning
ICP Front-end Developments
Glass Expansion
Low-Flow NebulizersLow-Flow Nebulizers
• Small mean Small mean droplet sizedroplet size
• Reduced solvent Reduced solvent in the plasmain the plasma
• Increased Increased sampling sampling efficiencyefficiency
• Reduced oxide Reduced oxide formationformation
• Increased Increased efficiency of efficiency of excitation and excitation and ionizationionization
ICP Front-end Developments
Glass Expansion
Applications of Low-Flow Applications of Low-Flow NebulizersNebulizers
• Limited sample volumesLimited sample volumes• Volatile samplesVolatile samples• Reduced oxide interferences in ICP-Reduced oxide interferences in ICP-
MSMS• Expensive waste disposalExpensive waste disposal• ICP-MS-LC interfaceICP-MS-LC interface
ICP Front-end Developments
Glass Expansion
Comparison of Nebulizer Comparison of Nebulizer EfficiencyEfficiency
ICP Front-end Developments
%EFFICIENCY
UPTAKE RATE (ML/MIN)
Glass Expansion
Comparison of Nebulizer Comparison of Nebulizer SignalSignal
• 0.050ml/min uptake0.050ml/min uptake• 50% efficient50% efficient• .025ml/min in the .025ml/min in the
plasmaplasma• .025ul/min to waste.025ul/min to waste
• 2ml/min uptake2ml/min uptake• 2% efficient2% efficient• .040ul/min in the .040ul/min in the
plasmaplasma• 1.96 ml/min to 1.96 ml/min to
wastewaste
ICP Front-end Developments
Glass Expansion
Range of Low-Flow Range of Low-Flow NebulizersNebulizers
• 0.0500.050• 0.1000.100• 0.2000.200• 0.4000.400• 0.6000.600
• Glass - Glass - MicroMist™MicroMist™
• PFA - OpalMist™PFA - OpalMist™• Polyimide - Polyimide -
PolyCon™PolyCon™
Uptake Rates (ml/min) Composition
ICP Front-end Developments
Glass Expansion
Cyclonic Spray ChambersCyclonic Spray Chambers
• Quickly removes Quickly removes large dropletslarge droplets
• Less opportunity Less opportunity for agglomeration for agglomeration of small dropsof small drops
• Improved Improved homogeneity of homogeneity of sample mistsample mist
• Greater efficiencyGreater efficiency
ICP Front-end Developments
Glass Expansion
Spray Chamber MechanismSpray Chamber MechanismCyclonicCyclonic
ICP Front-end Developments
Glass Expansion
Twister Cyclonic Spray Twister Cyclonic Spray ChamberChamber
• Internal baffle further Internal baffle further filters droplet sizefilters droplet size
• Slightly less efficientSlightly less efficient• Smaller mean droplet Smaller mean droplet
size decreases noisesize decreases noise• Baffle height Baffle height
precisely controlledprecisely controlled
ICP Front-end Developments
Glass Expansion
Decreased Dead Volume Decreased Dead Volume Spray Chamber AdaptorSpray Chamber Adaptor
• Inert plastic Inert plastic materialmaterial
• Nebulizer port Nebulizer port oversizedoversized
• No opportunity for No opportunity for solution poolingsolution pooling
ICP Front-end Developments
Glass Expansion
Helix O-ring Free Spray Helix O-ring Free Spray Chamber Chamber
• PFA ferrule seals spray chamberPFA ferrule seals spray chamber• Solution contacts only PFA and glassSolution contacts only PFA and glass• Available for all glass spray chambersAvailable for all glass spray chambers• Even less opportunity for poolingEven less opportunity for pooling
ICP Front-end Developments
Glass Expansion
New RF CoilsNew RF Coils
• Available in 3 Available in 3 surfacessurfaces– Copper (base) for Copper (base) for
economyeconomy– Silver plated for Silver plated for
efficient RF transferefficient RF transfer– Gold plated for Gold plated for
corrosion resistancecorrosion resistance
ICP Front-end Developments
Glass Expansion
Specifications of a “Good” Specifications of a “Good” RF CoilRF Coil
• RoundnessRoundness• Appropriate coatingAppropriate coating• Application of the coatingApplication of the coating• Coil spacingCoil spacing• Proper installation and alignmentProper installation and alignment
ICP Front-end Developments
Glass Expansion
RF CoilsRF CoilsInstallation & Alignment KitInstallation & Alignment Kit
• Alignment “jig”Alignment “jig”• All tools requiredAll tools required
CD ROM with graphical instructions
ICP Front-end Developments
Glass Expansion
Benefits of Using a Benefits of Using a “Good” Coil“Good” Coil
• Longer life of PA tube and FET’sLonger life of PA tube and FET’s• Longer life of torchesLonger life of torches• Potentially higher intensities for Potentially higher intensities for
“hard” lines“hard” lines• Improved ionization for refractoriesImproved ionization for refractories
ICP Front-end Developments
Glass Expansion
Choosing the Right Choosing the Right PartsParts
• ConikalConikal• MicroMistMicroMist• SlurrySlurry• SeaSpraySeaSpray• Quartz VeeSprayQuartz VeeSpray• PolyConPolyCon• OpalMistOpalMist• Ceramic VeeSprayCeramic VeeSpray
• TraceyTracey• TwisterTwister• CinnabarCinnabar• TwinnabarTwinnabar Borosilicate glassBorosilicate glassQuartzQuartzHF ResistantHF ResistantJacketedJacketed
ICP Front-end Developments
Glass Expansion
Selection Guides
Simplify
The process
Of choosing
The correct
Parts for each
Application
Glass Expansion
Nebulizer Selection for Nebulizer Selection for non-HF non-HF
ICP Front-end Developments
Glass Expansion
Spray Chamber Selection Spray Chamber Selection (Organics)(Organics)
ICP Front-end Developments