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DevOps for DishwashersBringing grown-up practices to the Internet of Things
Christopher Biggs — DevOps for Dishwashers @unixbigot @accelerando_au
#YOWConnected Sep 2017
Christopher Biggs, Accelerando Consulting
@unixbigot @accelerando_au
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Who am I?
Christopher Biggs — @unixbigot — @accelerando_au
▷ Brisbane, Australia
▷ Former developer, architect, development manager
▷ Founder, Accelerando Consulting
▷ Full service consultancy - chips to cloud
▷ IoT, DevOps, Big Data
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Why Devops?
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Why Dishwashers?
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"Software is eating the world"
-- Mark Andreesen
Wall St Journal, Six years ago last month.
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Interlude: What do I mean by "DevOps"?
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DevOps is NOT THIS
DevOps is not a thing you do,
it's the way you do things.
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DevOps is NOT THIS
Empower everyone
to maximise value.
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"When every Thing is connected, Everything is connected"-- Me
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Welcome to the Internet of Things
pop. 10 Trillion
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1936 (Information Pandemic Year Zero)
10-7 device/person
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Mainframe era
10-4 device/person
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Minicomputer era
10-2 device/person
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Desktop era
100 device/person
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Mobile era
100.5 devices/person
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Cloud era [YOU ARE HERE]
~101 devices/person
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Internet of things
103 devices/person
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Solve the next problem, not thelast one
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Beware of false analogies and straight line trends
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Observe, Orient, Decide, Act
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"Bad people will break your stuff"
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Do you want to know more? "The Internet of Scary Things" christopher.biggs.id.au/talk
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Everything is awful
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Everything is awful
and the awful is on recurl http://my-dishwasher/../../../../../../../../../../../../etc/shadow
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It's not rocket science
No really, I mean actual rockets.
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Desiderata
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Select appropriate tools and platforms
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Comprehensive identity management
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Automate for developer and user convenience
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Testing and testability kept front-of-mind
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Train, and Audit, and keep doing both
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Monitor and react (automatically)
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Platforms
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People are more expensive than circuits
(Sorry, robots)
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Hardware is DevOps too
(Robots, I hope this makes it up to you :)
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Open and well supported
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Case study: ARM v7 and Debian Linux
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Meet the #3 top-sellingcomputer of all time
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Artisanal free-range small-batch Linux?
No.
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Without the Internet, it's just a Thing.
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"Is there anybody out there?"-- Pink Floyd
(also, my lighting controller)
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"Put the robot back in the ocean, kid."-- Oceanographers, everwhere
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Management is not a dirty word
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Development
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Aside: Go Serverless
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Nice languages are portable, memory-safe and asynchronous.
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Case study: Javascript
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Case Study - Go
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Naughty languages are like a tightrope over a pit of spikes.
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'The wi password is "abc123';cat /etc/passwd#" '
Say no to shell scripts.
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Use, and reuse, a framework.
Yours, mine, Google, Amazon, Microsoft, Apple, whatever.
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AWS IoT
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Choose your own framework adventure
▷ Amazon IoT and Greengrass
▷ Google IoT
▷ Azure IoT
▷ Open Connectivity Foundation IoTivity
▷ Resin.io
▷ Mongoose-OS
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Containment is complexity management
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You can run Docker on a $6.95 linux computer
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Use your CI to produce docker images as artifacts
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Testing
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Total Infrastructure Awareness
replicate your whole ecosystem
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No snow ake servers.
A dev team should have access to disposable instances of everything
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DevOps is a disaster, every day
and that's good
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Painful testing practices beget painfully bad testing
provide easy test data
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Quick xes are good
and cheap
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Listen to that annoying hipster tech blogger
At least four eyeballs per line.
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Test-before-merge
Never* "break the build"
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* well, almost never
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Fail fast
Unit tests rst, followed by slower end-to-end tests
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Every pair of eyeballs costs $$$
(and no, you can't save $-½ by poking one out)
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Do not poke customers with sticks (either)
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(Wherein Christopher does math to "prove" a point)
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A modern embedded system is faster than a Cray 1
But that's still reaaally slow
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Cross-platform CI pipelines
Option zero: cross-platform languages are win
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Cross-platform CI pipelines
Option one: Emulate
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Cross-platform CI pipelines
Option two: Enrol embedded systems in your CI
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Case Study: My Pipelines
Minimal requirement: one x86 and one ARM server (eg Raspberry Pi)
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Case Study: My Pipelines
Stage 1: common policy checks
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Case Study: My Pipelines
Stage 2: compile and package
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Case Study: My Pipelines
Stage 3: Testing (on target arch)
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Case Study: My Pipelines
Stage 4: Deploy to container registry
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Case Study: My Pipelines
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Case Study: My Pipelines# note the pi build job can be run on x86 because Go is awesomebuild for pi: stage: build script: - make installdeps image contents ARCH=pi artifacts: paths: - GPIOpower - GPIOpower_docker_pi.tar.gz - GPIOpower_contents_pi.tar.gz## Run tests on RasPi#test on pi: stage: test tags: - pi script: - make test
deploy to staging: stage: deploy environment: name: staging only: - masterscript:
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Package separate lab and eld artifacts
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Defeat laziness by making it easier to do the right thing
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Regression tests, longitudinal tests
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Dashboards as "live tests"
Containerise your BI stack and write dashboards alongsidecode
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Dashboards learn "green" state and alert on red
Obligatory reference to Machine Learning
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Do you want to know more? "Continuous Dashboarding" christopher.biggs.id.au/talk
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Deployment
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Orchestrate: Never doanything by hand.
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Build a provisioning work ow
Customise a clean OS (via ethernet or emulation)
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Robo-con gure the target system from a provisioning system
Then save a lesystem image
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How do you create a provisioning system?
Turtles all the way down!
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Do you want to know more? github.com/unixbigot/kevin
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Case study - My orchestration scripts
1. Create a read only recovery partition
2. Install SaltStack orchestration minion (now switch protocols)
3. Set timezone, locale, etc.
4. Change default passwords
5. Configure network
6. Provision message bus clients
7. Install language runtimes (nodejs, java etc.) if needed
8. Configure VPN client
9. Fetch initial application containers
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Zoom level 1: Device roles# top.sls
'G@roles:controller': - match: compound - salt.syndic - mqtt.relay - mqtt.client - net.hostapd_bridge - net.gpsd - fleetvalid.station-console 'G@roles:sensor': - match: compound - os.initramfs - os.hostname - net.aws.cli - docker - fleetvalid.docker_auth - fleetvalid.service-advertiser 'G@roles:inroad_sensor' - match: compound - fleetvalid.inroad_sensor
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Zoom level 2: Device pro le# fleetvalid/inroad_sensor.sls
include: - fleetvalid.aggregator - fleetvalid.rfid - fleetvalid.radar - fleetvalid.vibration - fleetvalid.rfidpower
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Zoom level 3: Device component# fleetvalid/rfid.sls
{% set image = reg.path + '/roadcurtain/' + rfid + 'rfid-' + pillar.fleetvalid.arch + ':' + pillar.fleetvalid
fleetvalid-rfid-image: docker_image.present: - name: {{image}}
fleetvalid-rfid: docker_container.running: - image: {{image}} - links: - fleetvalid-aggregator:aggregator - fleetvalid-rfidpower:power - binds: - {{rfid_device}}:{{rfid_device}} - environment: - RCAGGREGATOR: aggregator:9091 - POWER_API: power:80 - privileged: True
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Zoom level 4: System con gurationgpsd: pkg.installed: - pkgs: - gpsd - chrony
gpsd-device-configuration: file.replace: - name: /etc/default/gpsd - pattern: ^DEVICES=.* - repl: DEVICES="{{pillar.gps.device}}" - append_if_not_found: True
gpsd-running: service.running: - name: gpsd - enable: True
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Hey, that all sounds a bit like PaaS
Yeah, it does.
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Amazon AWS Greengrass
IoT PaaS built on AWS IOT + AWS Lambda
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Resin.io
IoT PaaS with Linux and Docker
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Do you want to know more? https://resin.io/
"The Internet of Scary Things" christopher.biggs.id.au/talk
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Apache MyNewt
Embedded component-based OS for wireless sensors
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Mongoose-OS
Multiplatform embedded OS with cloud integration and remote upgrade
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Do you want to know more? http://mongoose-os.com/
"IoT in two Minutes" christopher.biggs.id.au/talk "Javascript Rules My Life (CampJS 2017)" christopher.biggs.id.au/talk
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Automate PKI enrolment
IoT Makes PKI Easy.
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-er
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Your "secure key distribution channel" is a cardboard box
1. Build and sign a root certificate
2. Upload root cert to the SaltStack master
3. Create minion certificate
4. Install minion certificate on minion
5. Upload a copy to the master
6. All automatically
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Containerised version control
Use your docker registry the way it was intended
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Use Salt "grains" to de ne which container to use(i.e. live, staging, dev or other)
fleetvalid-rfid-image: docker_image.present: - name: ((image)) - force: True
fleetvalid-rfid: docker_container.running: - image: ((image)) - links: - fleetvalid-aggregator:aggregator - fleetvalid-rfidpower:power - binds: - ((rfid_device)):((rfid_device)) - environment: - RCAGGREGATOR: aggregator:9091 - POWER_API: power:80
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Maintenance
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Self-care
FLASH memory longevity tweaks
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Boot to ramdisk
Sanity check, then proceed to target environment
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Recovery mode
(ab)use DHCP
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Liveness monitoring
If a device goes silent, notify the site custodian
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Sickness monitoring
Use an audible or visual attention signal (think smoke-alarms)
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While you were sleeping
Intermittent connections
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Kill or Cure
Feature/component disable
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Kill or Cure
The Cassini Solution
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Monitoring (platform data)
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Heartbeats
SaltStack's presence monitor
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Flatliners
Detect missing devices
(i.e. known to saltstack but not connected)
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Health stats
SaltStack beacons - cpu/memory, often
Full process list, less often
Network stats
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Pour it all into a data lake
And pretend to be a Bond Villain
Christopher Biggs — DevOps for Dishwashers @unixbigot @accelerando_au
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Do you want to know more? "Continuous Dashboarding" christopher.biggs.id.au/talk
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Case study: Log pooling for a building safety startup
Ram disk on local ARM devices
Streaming to cloud with Filebeat
Processing with Logstash
Set a storage budget and expire to meet the budget
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Measurement (application data)
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Use orchestration message bus
SaltStack message bus is the fast, lightweight ZeroMQ
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Can you use your orchestration bus for application events?
Yes, with care
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Extend orchestration system with custom modules
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Record as much as you can, digest later
Shove all your client data in ElasticSearch
Purge oldest indexes until CFO stops whinging
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Case study: Saltstack plus ELK
Bridge orchestration bus to application message bus
Engine module at top level master (or intermediate)
Gateway messages to elasticsearch, via logstash
Want MQTT? You already built a PKI to deploy it in 2 minutes
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Case study: MQTT plus ELK
"Rapids Rivers Ponds"
MQTT brokers at each site
Broker in the cloud federates with on-site brokers
Logstash MQTT plugin subscribes to all events
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Do you want to know more? "Implementing Microservice Architectures" Fred George, YOW 2014
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Visualisation
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Real time status
Liveness, resources, environment
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Measure your KPIs
Whatever makes you money, count it
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Measure your KPIs
Set high and low water marks, alert on them
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Measure your KPIs
Pay: Elastic and other vendors have commercial alert engines
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Measure your KPIs
Free: Node-RED makes a good FOSS alerting engine
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Do you want to know more? "Continuous Dashboarding" christopher.biggs.id.au/talk
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Longitudinal comparisons
View long-term trends in KPIs
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Longitudinal comparisons
Pay attention to device longevity, wear, etc.
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Summary▷ Lots of devices, too many to administer by hand
▷ Swimming in a soup of malware and bad actors
▷ Choose tools that support quality
▷ Pipelines for automated build/test/stage
▷ (Ab)use traditional cloud management tools for IoT Fleet
▷ Message bus all the things
▷ Big data now, play later
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Resources, QuestionsMy SaltStack rules for IoT - github.com/unixbigot/kevin
Related talks - http://christopher.biggs.id.au/#talks
Me - Christopher Biggs
Twitter: @unixbigot
Email: [email protected]
Slides, and getting my advice: http://christopher.biggs.id.au/
Accelerando Consulting - IoT, DevOps, Big Data - https://accelerando.com.au/
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