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DiabetesCaring for children
with diabetes in a community program
2013-06-26
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Diabetes
Type 1 – Pancreas is unable to
produce insulin– Daily insulin injections
requiredType 2
– Pancreas does not produce enough insulin or body does not effectively use insulin
– Insulin may be required
Lack of insulin - used to transport glucose from the blood into cells
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Management of Diabetes
Insulin
Food Exercise
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Food
• Eat same amount of food (carbohydrates) each day
• Eat same time each day• No trading or disposing of
food• Plan for special events
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• Needle & syringe• Insulin pen
• Insulin pump
Community program personnel are not
responsible for giving insulin
Insulin
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Exercise
• Regular exercise helps lower blood glucose levels
• Plan for vigorous physical activity – Sports or other physical
activities that take place during meal time require extra planning
– Notify parent/guardian of days that involve extra physical activity
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Hypoglycemia (low blood glucose)
• Blood glucose below 4 mmol/L• Emergency situation• Can happen within minutes• Possible causes
– not eating enough food– missing or delaying a meal– more physical activity than usual– taking too much insulin
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Signs of Hypoglycemia
• Cold, clammy or sweaty skin• Shakiness; lack of coordination• Irritable, hostile, poor behavior• Tired• Sudden moodiness or behavior change• Difficulty concentrating, confusion• Staggering gait• Child may complain of
– nervousness– excessive hunger– headache– blurred vision– dizziness– abdominal pain or nausea
• Fainting, unconsciousness
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Responding to Hypoglycemia
1. Give child fast-acting sugar.
2. Wait 10-15 minutes. If no improvement, give another fast-acting sugar.
3. Wait 10-15 minutes. If no improvement after 2nd treatment, call parent/guardian.
4. If unable to contact parent/guardian or emergency contact, call 911/EMS.
IF IN DOUBT, TREAT!
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If child seizures or
becomes unconsciousness
1. Call 911/EMS.
2. Put child in side lying position.
3. Notify parent/guardian.
DO NOT give food or drink
DO NOT leave the
child alone
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Severe hypoglycemia
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Hyperglycemia (high blood sugar)
Blood glucose higher than child’s target range• Not an emergency situation • Possible causes
– too little insulin– too much food– less than the usual amount
of activity– illness– stress
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Signs of Hyperglycemia
– increased thirst– tiredness– urinating more often
Inform parent/guardian as directed in child’s
health care plan.
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When Child is Sick
1. Contact parent/guardian.2. If child is vomiting and
cannot retain food/fluids and parent/guardian or emergency contact cannot be reached, call 911/EMS.
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Child specific information
• Type of diabetes• Location of fast acting sugar • Plans for meals, exercise,
special events and blood glucose monitoring
Health Care Plans are located in child file and binder