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12.11.2008, Bishkek
Diana IskrevaNGO Earth Forever, Bulgaria
National WASH Coordinator, Bulgaria
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School Sanitation, Concept
School sanitation and hygiene refers to the combination of hardware and software components that are necessary to produce a healthy school environment and to develop or support safe hygiene behaviors:
drinking water, hand washing and sanitary facilities in and around the school compound;
activities that promote conditions at school and practices of school staff that help to prevent water and sanitation-related diseases and parasites such as worms (UNICEF and IRC).
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Health Aspect
1 gram of feces contains
10 000 000 viruses;1 000 000 bacteria;1000 parasite cysts;100 parasite eggs.
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Health Aspect, more figuresDiarrhea diseases are responsible for the death
of 2 000 000 children each year.For the last 10 years more children have died
from water-borne diseases than the total number of deaths due to military conflicts after the World War 2.
Diarrheal diseases caused by low water quality, inadequate sanitation and poor hygiene cause 5.3% of child death and are responsible for 550 000 lost in sickness years for the children in the broad Europe Region (WHO, 2004).
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Under 5 mortality rate of diarrheal diseases (WHO Europe)
0
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Human Rights AspectAlthough the importance of water and sanitary facilities for schools is acknowledged, in practice the sanitary situation in many schools in EE and CA is deplorable.
Often: water supply is either non-existent or inadequate for
the number of school children; the number of toilet cabins is very small compared to the number of the students and staff in school;
dilapidated pit latrines are often the only choice;toilets and latrines do not function or are not
maintained properly;latrines are padlocked because children are not
trusted to use them properly; children, specifically girls, do not attend school
because appropriate and private sanitation facilities are lacking.
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UN Convention of the Right of the Child (1989):
legally binding instrument;guarantees to all children under 18 right to
healthy environment. Good sanitation conditions sustain child health and provide opportunity for the child to learn. The design of the school sanitation has to be adapted to the needs of the children (UNICEF).
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School Sanitation FacilitiesSufficient in number – sinks, drinking fountains,
toilet cabins;Follow minimum specifications for design and quality
of construction;Child and gender friendly, which means that they are
adapted to the needs and wishes of all the boys and girls of the different age groups attending school;
Functional;Sufficient amount of water available for drinking,
handwashing, cleansing, cleaning;Properly operated and maintained; Water delivery, soap, toilet paper, disinfectants is
affordable and paid.
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School Conventional Sanitation, frequent problems
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Ecological Sanitation, PrinciplesProtection of environment and human health;Conservation of natural and man-made resources
(water, electricity, fertilizers etc.);Improvement of human livelihoods;Source separation of urine, feces and greywater;Collection of each product separately;Sanitisation and treatment of each product;Recycling of nutrients, humus and water to soil
and agricultural systems.
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Urine-Diverting Toilets, Principles
Container forthe urine
%
Container for feces
0,00
+1,20
UDseat or pan
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UDT, Types
Feces
Urine
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UDT – Earth Forever, Bulgaria
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UDT, Health Aspect
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UDT and Sustainable Development
Ecological Sanitation System
(GTZ)
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Thank you for your attention!