Download - Diapositiva 1 - sibi.usp.br€¦ · Title: Diapositiva 1 Author: JC Created Date: 10/17/2011 1:50:33 PM
Digital formats and open
access: embracing
openness in Latin America
Congresso Internacional SIBi USP 30 anos
open
open access
Budapest Open Access Initiative 2002
“By "open access" to this [peer-reviewed journal] literature, we mean its free
availability on the public internet, permitting any users to read, download, copy, distribute, print, search, or link to the full texts of these articles, crawl them for indexing, pass them
as data to software, or use them for any other lawful purpose, without financial, legal, or
technical barriers other than those inseparable from gaining access to the internet itself. The only constraint on
reproduction and distribution, and the only role for copyright in this domain, should be to give authors control over the integrity of their
work and the right to be properly acknowledged and cited.”
Bethesda Statement on
Open Access Publishing
2003
An Open Access Publication is one that meets
the following two conditions:
• The author(s) and copyright holder(s) grant(s) to
all users a free, irrevocable, worldwide, perpetual
right of access to, and a license to copy, use,
distribute, transmit and display the work publicly
(…)
• A complete version of the work and all
supplemental materials, including a copy of the
permission as stated above, in a suitable standard
electronic format is deposited immediately upon
initial publication in at least one online repository
(…)
Berlin Declaration on Open Access to Knowledge in the
Sciences and Humanities 2003
Open access contributions must satisfy two
conditions:
• The author(s) and right holder(s) of such
contributions grant(s) to all users a free, irrevocable,
worldwide, right of access to, and a license to copy,
use, distribute, transmit and display the work
publicly (…)
• A complete version of the work and all supplemental
materials, including a copy of the permission as
stated above, in an appropriate standard electronic
format is deposited (and thus published) in at least
one online repository using suitable technical
standards (…)
Open Access as an answer to a
balance of interests between
authors, researchers, scholars,
faculty members, librarians’
concern between preservation and
usability, etc.
what can be done
financial barriers
legal barriers
technical barriers
publishing policies for
academic, scientific and
technical journals
Publishing policies (“Instructions for authors”, “Submission terms”, etc.)
1) Technical requirements - content: format, customs, etc.
- form: technological requirements
2) Legal requirements - copyright
- data protection & privacy
3) Other valuable information
Legal requirements
Two stages • Article submission: authors
• Publishing and distribution: users of
all kinds
why?
(very brief/broad explanation)
copyright / direitos autorais
• Exclusive, temporary rights for the exploitation of an intellectual work in the artistic or literary fields
• Born automatically with the creation of the work • No need for register or notices for protection • Exclusive as long as they are not transferred
• Only the author (at first) may publish, copy, distribute,
translate, transform their work, or s/he may: • give permission to others to use the work, • “sell” or transfer those rights (author ≠ rightsholder)
copyright / direitos autorais
• In scientific/academic/technical journals (such as those in SciELO) there is a two-sided copyright problem – between authors and publishing institutions – between the publishing institutions and the
public
Why?
as an author:
If I send my article to a journal:
• do I lose my copyright?
• can I publish a pre-print and/or a post-print
version online?
• can I republish or update my work?
• can I publish elsewhere?
• can I allow or publish a translation
afterwards?
A: depends on publishing policies
Can I copy the article, scan it, upload it, edit
it, translate it, print it, include it in a course
pack, distribute copies, etc.?
• A1: at first, NO*
• A2: *depends on the law (exceptions & limitations)
• A3: depends on the terms of use
as a user:
2008-2009
2010
2010: Latin America
292 journals
14 countries in Latina America and the
Caribbean
publishing
(global)
publishing
(LatAm)
Latin American journals
• If we consider only online journals, universities account for
almost 70% of the regional product. In other words, Latin
American universities play a most important role in the
dissemination of technical and scientific knowledge in the
region.
• Of those, over 70% are online*
• Full text
• Free of payment
• In general, OA technical standards
* Public Knowledge Project, 2010
Research
Legal Research
Legal terms for academic journals
• regionally (LatAm/Caribbean)
• online journals
• Indexes and repositories
• SciELO
• RedAlyc
• Latindex
Journals per country
Sample
Periodicity
• Semiannual: 36%
• Quarterly: 26,4%
• 4 months: 21,2%
Origin and antiquity
< 10
años
10 – 19
años
20 – 29
años
30 – 39
años 40 – 59
años
60 o más
años TOTAL
Universidad 26 62 35 19 18 15 175
Soc. Científica 2 12 17 12 9 12 64
Otros 9 15 9 5 10 5 53
TOTAL 37 89 61 36 37 32 292
Basic information
Formats
Submission policies
Submission policies (©)
32,9% lacks policies regarding
copyright
Hypothesis: Inertia works on
submission policies for several
academic journals
Submission policies
• 43,8%: by submission, qualification and/or
publishing, authors… • transfer their intellectual property over their article to
the publishing institution, the publication itself (?) or the
editor (??), or
• grant an exclusive license (with no limitations) over the
article.
Submission policies
• 17,1% (50): limited effect license: right to publish in
print and make available online, other rights kept by
authors
• 3,8% (11): temporary license: exclusive first
publication, or embargo
- afterwards, authors may use the work for their own
purposes (academia, research, etc.), make available
online, translate or republish
Translated articles?
Submission of previously published articles originally
in a different language:
• allowed: 12,3%
• rejected: 17,2%
• no mention: 70,5%
Parallel submission
• Allowed: 7,9%
• Explicitly rejected: 65,4%
• no mention: 26,7%
Terms of use
Terms of use
• Three main models:
• Legally established conditions (all rights
reserved)
• Custom licensing: terms of use as
determined by each journal/repository
• Standard license
Terms of use
custom terms/licensing
creative commons
• Journals with Creative Commons:
• 9: BY
• 2: BY-NC y BY-NC-ND
• 1 de c/u de las otras
• Full repositories with Creative Commons:
• RedALyC
• SciELO
Conflict: RedALyC and SciELO use Creative
Commons, yet not all journals do as well
• inefficient implementation
• license is for repository
• journals may have their own terms
• all rights reserved
• published elsewhere without a license
• published elsewhere in DRM-protected files
creative commons
Results and conclusions • concentration in universities • periodicity between semiannual and
quarterly • mostly in Spanish, followed by English and
portuguese • good possibilities for access • formats: html, pdf, xml
• general publishing policies: • mostly satisfactory levels of information • not precise information regarding parallel
submissions or publication for translations • mostly in need of adaptation and updating • lack of clarity regarding copyright for articles
Results and conclusions
• terms of use • insufficient information on institutional
websites • in general: default legal framework (all rights
reserved) • growing licensing in adequate fashion to
journals’ aspirations and OA criteria
Results and conclusions
• Repositories: preference for Creative
Commons BY-NC-ND license
• derivative works?
• translation?
• Insufficient address of legal difficulties in the
region: regulated contracts, orphan works,
international reach of copyrighted works,
confusing rules and terms
Results and conclusions
opportunity
Good practice
encourage
For authors
1. Publish in OA journals
• DOAJ
• deposit post-print in OA repository
2. Pay attention to information before submitting
• copyright transferral or licensing to publisher
• terms of use for published works
• formats
3. Respect the terms: republishing, parallel submission, etc.
4. Ensure legal use of images, photos, graphs,, etc.
5. Negotiate
www.sherpa.ac.uk/romeo
For publishers:
• Ensure quality standards are met para indización:
• Periodicity: defined, declared, complied
• Originality: unpublished works*
• Content: 40% to 75% from research or studies.
• ISSN
• Editorial board: experts and scholars from outside
• Identity: objective, themes, intended audience
• Article presentation: abstracts, keywords, citation and
bibliography standards
• Peer-review system: declared and described in detail
• Ensure visibility
• Ulrich’s International Periodicals Directory
• thematic indexes per knowledge area
• Google Scholar, DOAJ
• open access, at the very least, for metadata
• Identify articles: include “bibliography tag” on each article’s
first page, including:
• journal
• numbering
• date
• also in individual pages
For publishers
• Publishing platforms: journal management systems to:
1) publish journal contents online and 2) control the whole
editorial process from submission to publishing.
– Prefer those compatible with OAI-PMH protocol, such as
OJS
• Adopt DOI (Digital Object Identifier): numeric code that
identifies an item unequivocally
For publishers
• Ensure clear submission instructions for authors
• explicit, uniform
• flexible
• coherent with repository uses
• detailing the rights needed from the author
• detailing the reach of those authorisations
• detailing how it will operate (i.e., when will license or
transfer happen)
• ensure data protection for author’s identity
• comply with deposit and register
• added to Project SHERPA
• Author’s Addendum model
• allow authors to keep copyright
– allow archive for preprints and postprints
For publishers
• Ensure clear terms of use for users and librarians
• coherent with repositories’ conditions
• coherent in all formats
• favorable to access and redistribution
• easy to find
• updated
For publishers
www.revistasabiertas.com
www.revistasabiertas.com Documents (pdf) - Informe: Políticas Editoriales de Publicaciones
Académicas en Línea en Latinoamérica (Alberto Cerda, JC Lara)
- Guía de Buenas Prácticas para Revistas Académicas de Acceso Abierto (Alejandra Rojas, Sandra Rivera)
- Guía Legal para Editores - Chile (ONG Derechos Digitales)
- Guía Legal para Editores – Colombia (Carolina Botero)
www.revistasabiertas.com Graphic guides: indexing standards
www.revistasabiertas.com Graphic guides: good practice guide to publish OA
journals
opportunity
open access mandate proposal
for publicly funded research data and literature
(coming 2012)
more information:
www.revistasabiertas.com
J. Carlos Lara G. | ONG Derechos Digitales
Twitter: @derechosdigital
Based on previous works by the author and
Francisco Vera Hott (2009)
Claudio Ruiz Gallardo (2009)
Carolina Botero Cabrera (2011)
Alberto Cerda Silva (2011)