13.21 M 14.11 M
4.57 M 4.49 M
-
20,00,000
40,00,000
60,00,000
80,00,000
1,00,00,000
1,20,00,000
1,40,00,000
1,60,00,000
1901 1911 1921 1931 1941 1951 1961 1971 1981 1991 2001 2011
To
tal Po
pula
tio
n
Year
Sub-Urban
-250000
-200000
-150000
-100000
-50000
0
50000
100000
150000
200000
Nadia North Twenty Four
Parganas
Hugli Haora Kolkata South Twenty Four
Parganas
Net M
igrants
Districts
Male Female
-500000
-400000
-300000
-200000
-100000
0
100000
Mig
rants
45.39
57.45
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70
2001
2011
Increasing Depopulation in Kolkata City
Dichotomy of Migration in Kolkata City, Indian Bengal Delta
Shouvik Das**, Sugata Hazra and Tuhin Ghosh
(**Presenting Author, Email ID: [email protected])
School of Oceanographic Studies, Jadavpur University, India
DECCMA 4th
Consortium Meeting , 2016
Study Area
Introduction
Kolkata City or District: The Old Kolkata City or the Census
District ‘Kolkata’ (KMC) consists of 141 wards as in Census
2011.
Kolkata Megacity or Kolkata Metropolitan Area (KMA): The
urban agglomeration of the city of Kolkata of 14 Million
population.
• Kolkata, the largest city of India until 1990, has
been showing a persistent trend of outmigration
over the last decade.
• Exacerbating impacts of Climate Change like
accelerated sea level rise, impact of cyclones, rising
temperature, high rainfall events and waterlogging,
with high density of poor population in slums,
Kolkata has been assessed as one of the most
vulnerable cities of the world.
• This study attempts to explore reasons behind the
present trend of depopulation in the erstwhile
preferred migration destination.
Results & Discussion
Population Growth Decadal Variation of Population Since 1901
1991-2001 2001-2011
2011
Conclusion
In spite of the declining population in Kolkata city, Kolkata
megacity is emerging as a ‘major setting of human habitation’ in
a 21st century world stressed by climate change.
Nadia
3%
North
24
Pargana
s
62%
Hugli
10%
Haora
10%
South
24
Pargana
s
15%
Possible Causes:
• Closure of labour intensive industries,
• Comparatively lower land prices,
• Availability of space and accommodation,
• Lower costs of living,
• Development of different modes of
transportation and communication.
•Vulnerable areas of
Sundarban (Rural)
•Kolkata City (Urban)
KMA: 7,480 People/ Sq. Km.
Kolkata City : 24,306 People/ Sq.
Km. -1.67
-20
0
20
40
60
80
100
Po
pula
tio
n G
ro
wth R
ate
• Kolkata City: 4.5 Million residents
• Growth Rate: -1.67% (2001-11)
• Kolkata Megacity: City+ Peri-
Urban = 14.1 Million (Census
2011).
In-Migration to Kolkata Metropolitan Area (Megacity)
Barrackpur-I &II,
Barasat, Rajarhat,
Sonarpur, Baruipur,
Garia
F
R
O
M
TO
Pull Factors
Population Density
Dimensions of Out-Migration from Kolkata City
Population Growth Rate
Net Migration
Push Factors
Migration Scenario of Kolkata City by Place of Birth
** Presented at American Geo-Physical Fall Meeting 2015, San Francisco, California, USA (Dt. 17.12.2015)
Kolkata
Metropolitan
Area
Kolkata City
WARDS
45 46 70 43 52 47 25 12 62 39
63 86 22 41 72 16 93 80 9 135
Highly Vulnerable + High Rate of Out-Migration
Kolkata
Kolkata
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
Demography
Education
Economy
Government Policy
Standard of living
Changing Climate
Health Hazard
Other Social Issues
Im
pact
This work was carried out
under the Collaborative
Adaptation Research
Initiative in Africa and Asia
(CARIAA), with financial
support from the UK
Government’s Department
for International
Development (DFiD) and
the International
Development Research
Centre (IDRC), Canada.
The views expressed in this
work are those of the
creators and do no
necessarily represent those
of DFiD and IDRC or its
Board of Governors.
Tabular Representation of Hazards and Vulnerable Areas
HAZARD VULNERABLE AREAS OF KOLKATA VULNERABLE COMMUNITIES
Tidal
Upsurge
Low lying areas near the River
Hooghly e.g. Garden Reach, Kidderpur,
Tollygunge
People, mainly poor or lower middle
class living in shanties and old houses in
congested areas near the canals
Cyclone Exposed areas near the Maidan, South
Calcutta and River adjacent West
Kolkata
Tile roofed houses; houses near big trees;
kuccha houses of shanties
Flooding &
Water logging
by heavy rain
Major parts of the city, including
Camac Street, Amherst Street, Theatre
Road, College Street, M.G Road,
Ultadanga, Kankurgachi, Phoolbagan,
New Alipore, Southern Avenue,
Rashbehari Avenue, Deshapriya Park,
Sovabazar, Shyambazar and AJC Bose
Road
Single storied houses at level lower than
road, kuccha houses, houses in low water
collecting areas like end of
flyovers/bridges
Source: http://siteresources, worldbank.org/CMUDLP/Resources/SamanjitSengupta.pdf
Reference
1. A-2 Table, General Population Series, West Bengal & India, Census of India, 2011.
2. D Series, Migration Table (2001), West Bengal. Census of India.
3. C-14 Table, Socio-Cultural Series (2001 & 2011), West Bengal & India, Census of India.
4. Primary Census Abstract (1991, 2001 & 2011), West Bengal & Urban Agglomeration, Census of India.
5. Asish Ghosh, Kolkata and Climate Change, Climate Change Policy Paper IV.
6. World Bank, Environment, Climate change and Water Resources Department, Report No. 53282-IN,June 2011.
KMC Wards along the Ganga with Slum Population KMC wards along the Ganga with Maximum Total
Industries
1,6,7,9,19,20,21,22,23,24,75,76,80,134,135,136,137,1
38,140 and 141
1,6,7,8,19,20,21,22,23 and 80
Source: A Series, Census 2011
Source: C Series, Census 2001 & 2011
Source: PCA,
Census 1991,
2001 & 2011
