Download - Diferendo Marítimo Fallo completo Ingles.doc
-
8/13/2019 Diferendo Martimo Fallo completo Ingles.doc
1/70
27 JANUARY 2014 JUDGMENT
MARITIME DISPUTE (PERU v. CHILE)
DIFFREND MARITIME (PROU c. CHILI)
27 JANVIER 2014 ARRT
-
8/13/2019 Diferendo Martimo Fallo completo Ingles.doc
2/70
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Paragraphs
CHRONOLOGY OF THE PROCEDURE
1-15
I. GEOGRAPHY16
II. HISTORICAL BACKGROUND
17-21
III. POSITIONS OF THE PARTIES 22-23
IV. WHETHER THERE IS AN AGREED MARITIME BOUNDARY 2-151
1. T!" 1#7 P$%&'()(*+%, % C!+'" (,/ P"$0 25-
2. T!" 1#52 S(,*+(% D"&'($(*+%, 5-7
3. T!" ($+%0 1#5 A$"")",* 71-#5
A. T!" C%)4'")",*($ C%,",*+%, *% *!" 1#52 S(,*+(% D"&'($(*+%, 7-77
B. T!" A$"")",* $"'(*+, *% M"(0$" % S04"$++%, (,/ C%,*$%' % *!" M($+*+)" %," %*!" S+,(*%$ C%0,*$+" 7-7#
C. T!" A$"")",* $"'(*+, *% ( S4"&+(' M($+*+)" F$%,*+"$ %," -#5
. T!" 1#6-1#6# '+!*!%0" ($$(,")",* #6-##
5. T!" ,(*0$" % *!" ($""/ )($+*+)" 8%0,/($ 1-12
6. T!" "9*",* % *!" ($""/ )($+*+)" 8%0,/($ 13-151
A. F+!+, 4%*",*+(' (,/ (&*++* 1-111
B. C%,*")4%$(,"%0 /""'%4)",* +, *!" '(: % *!" "( 112-11
C. L"+'(*+" 4$(&*+&" 11#-122
D. T!" 1#55 P$%*%&%' % A&&"+%, 123-125
E. E,%$&")",* (&*++*+" 126-12#
F. T!" 1#6-1#6# '+!*!%0" ($$(,")",* 13
G. N"%*+(*+%, :+*! B%'++( ;1#75-1#76< 131-133
H. P%+*+%, % *!" P($*+" (* *!" T!+$/ U,+*"/ N(*+%, C%,"$",&" %, *!" L(: % *!" S"( 13-135
I. T!" 1#6 B=>0'( M")%$(,/0) 136-12?. P$(&*+&" (*"$ 1#6 13-1
K. T!" "9*",* % *!" ($""/ )($+*+)" 8%0,/($@ &%,&'0+%, 1#-151
V. THE STARTING-POINT OF THE AGREED MARITIME BOUNDARY152-176
VI. THE COURSE OF THE MARITIME BOUNDARY FROM POINT A
177-1#5
VII. CONCLUSION 1#6-1#7 OPERATIVE CLAUSE
1#
-
8/13/2019 Diferendo Martimo Fallo completo Ingles.doc
3/70
INTERNATIONAL COURT OF JUSTICE
YEAR 20142014 27 J!"#!$% G&"&$!' L* N+. 1,7
27 J!"#!$% 2014
MARITIME DISPUTE
(PERU v. CHILE)
Geography Historical background 1929 Treaty of Lima between Chile and Peru 19! Proclamations of Chile and Peru Twel"e instruments negotiated by Chile# $cuador andPeru%
&o international maritime boundary established by 19! Proclamations &o sharedunderstanding of the Parties concerning maritime delimitation &ecessity of establishing the
lateral limits of their maritime 'ones in the future%
19(2 )antiago *eclaration is an international treaty +ules of interpretation &o e,pressreference to delimitation of maritime boundaries Certain elements rele"ant howe"er to maritimedelimitation -rdinary meaning of paragraph ./ 0aritime 'ones of island territories )copeof 19(2 )antiago *eclaration restricted to agreement on limits between certain insular maritime
'ones and 'ones generated by continental coasts -bect and purpose )upplementary means ofinterpretation confirm that no general maritime delimitation was effected by 19(2 )antiago
*eclaration )uggestion of e,istence of some sort of a shared understanding of a more generalnature concerning maritime boundaries 19(2 )antiago *eclaration did not establish a lateralmaritime boundary between Chile and Peru along the parallel%
-
8/13/2019 Diferendo Martimo Fallo completo Ingles.doc
4/70
19( greements Complementary Con"ention to 19(2 )antiago *eclaration Primary purposeto assert signatory )tates3 claims to so"ereignty and urisdiction made in 19(2 greement relating to
0easures of )uper"ision and Control of 0aritime 4ones &o indication as to location or nature ofmaritime boundaries )pecial 0aritime 5rontier 4one greement &ot limited to the $cuador6Perumaritime boundary *elay in ratification without bearing on scope and effect of greement
cknowledgment of e,istence of an agreed maritime boundary Tacit agreement Tacit agreement
cemented by 19( )pecial 0aritime 5rontier 4one greement &o indication of nature and e,tent ofmaritime boundary 197 8a'n -pinion Conclusion of the Court as to the e,istence of an agreedmaritime boundary not altered%
197:61979 lighthouse arrangements Limited purpose and geographical scope &o reference to apre6e,istent delimitation agreement rrangements based on presumed e,istence of a maritime boundarye,tending along parallel beyond 12 nautical miles &o indication of e,tent and nature of maritimeboundary%
&ature of agreed maritime boundary ll6purpose maritime boundary%
$,tent of agreed maritime boundary ssessment of rele"ant practice of the Parties pre619( 5ishing potential and acti"ity )pecies taken in the early 19(;s were generally to be found within a rangeof 7; nautical miles from the coast -rientation of the coast Location of main ports in the region
4one of tolerance along the parallel for small fishing boats Principal fishing acti"ity carried out bysmall boats 5isheries acti"ity# in itself# not determinati"e of e,tent of the boundary Parties howe"erunlikely to ha"e considered the agreed maritime boundary to e,tend to 2;;6nautical6mile limit Contemporaneous de"elopments in the law of the sea )tate practice
-
8/13/2019 Diferendo Martimo Fallo completo Ingles.doc
5/70
)tarting6point of the agreed maritime boundary 1929 Treaty of Lima The Court not asked todetermine location of starting6point of land boundary identified as AConcordiaB 8oundary 0arker &o%1 197:61979 lighthouse arrangements ser"e as compelling e"idence that the agreed maritime boundary
follows the parallel that passes through 8oundary 0arker &o% 1 Point Concordia may not coincide withstarting6point of maritime boundary )tarting6point of maritime boundary identified as the intersection ofthe parallel of latitude passing through 8oundary 0arker &o% 1 with the low6water line%
*elimitation to be effected beginning at endpoint of agreed maritime boundary =Point > 0ethodof delimitation Three6stage procedure%
5irst stage Construction of a pro"isional e@uidistance line starting at Point *etermination ofbase points Pro"isional e@uidistance line runs until intersection with the 2;;6nautical6mile limitmeasured from Chilean baselines =Point 8>%
Peru3s second final submission moot &o need for the Court to rule thereon%
)econd stage +ele"ant circumstances calling for an adustment of the pro"isional e@uidistanceline &o basis for adusting the pro"isional e@uidistance line%
Third stage *isproportionality test Calculation does not purport to be precise &o e"idence ofsignificant disproportion calling into @uestion e@uitable nature of pro"isional e@uidistance line%
Course of the maritime boundary Geographical co6ordinates to be determined by the Parties inaccordance with the udgment%
JUDGMENT
PresentD President TOMKA /ice6President SEPLVEDA-AMOR udges OWADA ABRAHAM KEITHBENNOUNA SKOTNIKOV CANADO TRINDADE YUSUF UE DONOGHUE GA?A SEBUTINDEBHANDARIudges (/ !%& GUILLAUME ORREGO VICUA+egistrar COUVREUR.
Course o
f
the maritim
e
boundary fro
m
Point 8 8oundary
run
s
alon
g
t
h
e
i t
-
8/13/2019 Diferendo Martimo Fallo completo Ingles.doc
6/70
I, *!" &(" &%,&"$,+, *!" )($+*+)" /+40*"
between
*!" R"408'+& % P"$0 $"4$"",*"/ 8
H.E. M$. A''(, W(,"$ A)8((/%$ % P"$0 *% *!" K+,/%) % *!" N"*!"$'(,/ %$)"$ M+,+*"$ %$F%$"+, A(+$ %$)"$ M+,+*"$ % D"",&" %$)"$ S"&$"*($-G","$(' % *!" A,/"(, C%))0,+* (A",*
H.E. M$. R(("' R%,&('+%'% M+,+*"$ %$ F%$"+, A(+$ ( S4"&+(' E,%
H.E. M$. ?% A,*%,+% G($&J( B"'(0,/" A)8((/%$ %$)"$ M+,+*"$ %$ F%$"+, A(+$
H.E. M$. ?%$" C!=" S%*% A)8((/%$ )")8"$ % *!" P"$0+(, D"'"(*+%, *% *!" T!+$/ U,+*"/ N(*+%,C%,"$",&" %, *!" L(: % *!" S"( %$)"$ A/+"$ % *!" M+,+*"$ %$ F%$"+, A(+$ %, L(: % *!" S"(M(**"$
( C%-A",*
M$. R%/)(, B0,/ (%&(* '( C%0$ /(44"' /" P($+ )")8"$ % *!" N": Y%$> B($ E"$!"/LLP P($+
M$. V(0!(, L%:" .C. )")8"$ % *!" E,'+! B($ E)"$+*0 P$%"%$ % I,*"$,(*+%,(' L(:O9%$/ U,+"$+* (%&+(*" )")8"$ % *!" I,*+*0* /" /$%+* +,*"$,(*+%,('
M$. A'(+, P"''"* P$%"%$ (* *!" U,+"$+* P($+ O0"* N(,*"$$"-L( D"," %$)"$ M")8"$ (,/%$)"$ C!(+$)(, % *!" I,*"$,(*+%,(' L(: C%))++%, (%&+(*" )")8"$ % *!" I,*+*0* /" /$%+*+,*"$,(*+%,('
M$. T0''+% T$"" P$%"%$ (* *!" F(&0'* % L(: S*(*" U,+"$+* % M+'(, %$)"$ 0/" % *!"I,*"$,(*+%,(' T$+80,(' %$ *!" L(: % *!" S"( S",+%$ C%,0'*(,* C0$*+ M(''"*-P$"%* C%'* (,/M%'" M+'(, )")8"$ % *!" I,*+*0* /" /$%+* +,*"$,(*+%,('
S+$ M+&!("' W%%/ K.C.M.G. )")8"$ % *!" E,'+! B($ M")8"$ % *!" I,*"$,(*+%,(' L(:C%))++%,
( C%0,"' (,/ A/%&(*"
M$. E/0($/% F"$$"$% M")8"$ % *!" P"$)(,",* C%0$* % A$8+*$(*+%, %$)"$ M+,+*"$ %$ F%$"+,A(+$ )")8"$ % *!" P"$0+(, D"'"(*+%, *% *!" T!+$/ U,+*"/ N(*+%, C%,"$",&" %, *!" L(:% *!" S"(
-
8/13/2019 Diferendo Martimo Fallo completo Ingles.doc
7/70
M$. V+&",*" U($*" /"' P+,% %$)"$ P$"+/",* % *!" S04$")" C%0$* % ?0*+&" %$)"$ P$"+/",* % *!"C%0$* % ?0*+&" % *!" A,/"(, C%))0,+* %$)"$ D"(, % *!" L+)( B($ A%&+(*+%,
M$. R%8"$*% M(&L"(, %$)"$ 0/" % *!" S04$")" C%0$* % ?0*+&" %$)"$ M")8"$ % *!" P"$)(,",*C%0$* % A$8+*$(*+%,
H.E. M$. M(,0"' R%/$J0" C0(/$% A)8((/%$ % P"$0 *% UNESCO %$)"$ M+,+*"$ %$ F%$"+,A(+$
( S*(*" A/%&(*"
M M($+%' A"$% C%'0,( M+,+*"$-C%0,"''%$ LL.M. %$)"$ A/+"$ % *!" M+,+*"$ %$ F%$"+,A(+$ %, L(: % *!" S"( M(**"$ C%-%$/+,(*%$ % *!" P"$0+(, D"'"(*+%,
H.E. M$. G0*(% M"(-C0(/$( MIPP A)8((/%$ A/+"$ % *!" M+,+*$ % F%$"+, A(+$ %, L(: % *!"
S"( M(**"$ M$. ?0(, ?% R0/( M")8"$ % *!" P"$)(,",* C%0$* % A$8+*$(*+%, L"(' A/+"$ % *!"
M+,+*$ % F%$"+, A(+$ ( C%0,"' M$. B",()+, S()%, R""($&!"$ C",*$" /" /$%+* +,*"$,(*+%,('
/" N(,*"$$" ;CEDIN
-
8/13/2019 Diferendo Martimo Fallo completo Ingles.doc
8/70
M$. AQ0+'" C($&%+&! C(4*(+, ;$"*+$"/
-
8/13/2019 Diferendo Martimo Fallo completo Ingles.doc
9/70
M$. P+"$$"-M($+" D040 P$%"%$ (* *!" G$(/0(*" I,*+*0*" % I,*"$,(*+%,(' S*0/+" (,/ D""'%4)",*G","( (,/ (* *!" U,+"$+* % P($+ II ;P(,*!%,-A(
-
8/13/2019 Diferendo Martimo Fallo completo Ingles.doc
10/70
M$. M%*%!+$% M("/( S%'+&+*%$ (/)+**"/ +, E,'(,/ (,/ W('" F$"!+"'/ B$0&>!(0 D"$+,"$LLP
M$. C%('*"$ G. L(*!$%4 S4"&+(' A/+"$ S%"$"+, G"%$(4!+& )")8"$ % *!" N%$*! C($%'+,( B($
H.E. M$. L0+ G%&%%'"( M+,+*$ % F%$"+, A(+$ M$. A,*%,+% C%$$"( O'8$+&! C%0,"''%$ E)8(
% C!+'" +, *!" K+,/%) % *!" N"*!"$'(,/ M$. ?(+"$ G%$%*"0+ O8(,% S"&%,/ S"&$"*($ E)8( %
C!+'" +, *!" K+,/%) % *!"
N"*!"$'(,/ M K(*" P($'"** S%'+&+*%$ (/)+**"/ +, E,'(,/ (,/ W('" (,/ +, 0"",'(,/
A0*$('+( M N+",>" G$%)(, A+*(,* P$%"%$ U,+"$+* % B('*+)%$" M($'(,/ )")8"$ %
*!" B($ % V+$+,+( (,/ *!" D+*$+&* % C%'0)8+( M A'"9(,/$( (, /"$ M"0'", A%&(* '(
C%0$ (,/ )")8"$ % *!" B($ % *!" S*(*" %
N": Y%$> M$. F$(,&+&% A8$+(,+ )")8"$ % *!" B0",% A+$" B($ M$. P(%'% P('&!"**+
P$%"%$ % I,*"$,(*+%,(' L(: U,+"$+* % M(&"$(*( ( A/+"$ M$. ?0'+% P%8'"*" N(*+%,('
D+++%, % F$%,*+"$ (,/ L+)+* M+,+*$ % F%$"+, A(+$ M F+%,( B'%%$ U,+*"/ K+,/%)
H/$%$(4!+& O+&" M$. D+&> G",* M($+," D"'+)+*(*+%, L*/. ( T"&!,+&(' A/+"$
THE COURT &%)4%"/ ( (8%" (*"$ /"'+8"$(*+%,
deli"ers the following udgmentD
1. O, 16 ?(,0($ 2 *!" R"408'+& % P"$0 ;!"$"+,(*"$ P"$0< +'"/ +, *!" R"+*$ % *!" C%0$* (,A44'+&(*+%, +,*+*0*+, 4$%&""/+, ((+,* *!" R"408'+& % C!+'" ;!"$"+,(*"$ C!+'"< +, $"4"&* % (/+40*" &%,&"$,+, %, *!" %," !(,/ *!" /"'+)+*(*+%, % *!" 8%0,/($ 8"*:"", *!")($+*+)" %," % *!" *:% S*(*" +, *!" P(&++& O&"(, 8"+,,+, (* ( 4%+,* %, *!" &%(* &(''"/
-
8/13/2019 Diferendo Martimo Fallo completo Ingles.doc
11/70
C%,&%$/+( . . . *!" *"$)+,(' 4%+,* % *!" '(,/ 8%0,/($ "*(8'+!"/ 40$0(,* *% *!" T$"(* . . . % 3 ?0,"1#2# (,/ %, *!" %*!"$ *!" $"&%,+*+%, +, (%0$ % P"$0 % ( )($+*+)" %," '+, :+*!+, 2 ,(0*+&(')+'" % P"$0 &%(* (,/ :!+&! !%0'/ *!0 (44"$*(+, *% +* 80* :!+&! C!+'" &%,+/"$ *% 8" 4($* % *!"!+! "(.
I, +* A44'+&(*+%, P"$0 ""> *% %0,/ *!" 0$+/+&*+%, % *!" C%0$* %, A$*+&'" I % *!" A)"$+&(,
T$"(* %, P(&++& S"**'")",* +,"/ %, 3 A4$+' 1# %+&+('' /"+,(*"/ (&&%$/+, *% A$*+&'" L*!"$"% ( *!" P(&* % B%%*= ;!"$"+,(*"$ $""$$"/ *% ( 0&!
-
8/13/2019 Diferendo Martimo Fallo completo Ingles.doc
12/70
(&"$*(+,"/ *!" +": % *!" P($*+" 40$0(,* *% *!(* ()" 4$%++%, *!" C%0$* /"&+/"/ *% $(,* "(&! %*!"" $"Q0"*. T!" R"+*$($ /0' &%))0,+&(*"/ *!"" /"&++%, *% *!" (+/ G%"$,)",* (,/ *% *!"P($*+".
1. I, (&&%$/(,&" :+*! A$*+&'" 53 4($($(4! 2 % *!" R0'" % C%0$* *!" C%0$* (*"$ !(+,
(&"$*(+,"/ *!" +": % *!" P($*+" /"&+/"/ *!(* &%4+" % *!" 4'"(/+, (,/ /%&0)",* (,,"9"/ :%0'/ 8")(/" (&&"+8'" *% *!" 408'+& %, *!" %4",+, % *!" %$(' 4$%&""/+,.
11. P08'+& !"($+, :"$" !"'/ 8"*:"", 3 (,/ 1 D"&")8"$ 212 (* :!+&! *!" C%0$* !"($/ *!" %$('($0)",* (,/ $"4'+" %@
F%$ P"$0@ H.E. M$. A''(, W(,"$
M$. A'(+, P"''"*
M$. R%/)(, B0,/
M$. T0''+% T$""
S+$ M+&!("' W%%/
M$. V(0!(, L%:".
F%$ C!+'"@ H.E. M$. A'8"$* (, K'("$", S*%$>
M$. P+"$$"-M($+" D040M$. D(+/ C%'%,
M$. ?()" C$(:%$/
M$. ?(, P(0'%,
M$. G"%$+% P"*$%&!+'%
M$. L0++ C%,/%$"''+
M$. S()0"' W%$/:%$*!.
12. A* *!" !"($+, ( M")8"$ % *!" C%0$* 40* ( Q0"*+%, *% *!" P($*+" *% :!+&! $"4'+" :"$" +",%$('' +, (&&%$/(,&" :+*! A$*+&'" 61 4($($(4! % *!" R0'" % C%0$*.
13. I, +* A44'+&(*+%, *!" %''%:+, $"Q0"* :"$" )(/" 8 P"$0@
P"$0 $"Q0"* *!" C%0$* *% /"*"$)+," *!" &%0$" % *!" 8%0,/($ 8"*:"", *!"
)($+*+)" %," % *!" *:% S*(*" +, (&&%$/(,&" :+*! +,*"$,(*+%,(' '(: . . . (,/ *% (/0/" (,/ /"&'($"*!(* P"$0 4%"" "9&'0+" %"$"+, $+!* +, *!" )($+*+)" ($"( +*0(*"/ :+*!+, *!" '+)+* % 2,(0*+&(' )+'" $%) +* &%(* 80* %0*+/" C!+'" "9&'0+" "&%,%)+& %," %$ &%,*+,",*(' !"'.
-
8/13/2019 Diferendo Martimo Fallo completo Ingles.doc
13/70
T!" G%"$,)",* % P"$0 0$*!"$ $""$" +* $+!* *% 044'")",* ()",/ %$
)%/+ *!" 4$"",* A44'+&(*+%, +, *!" &%0$" % *!" 4$%&""/+,.
1. I, *!" :$+**", 4$%&""/+, *!" %''%:+, 08)++%, :"$" 4$"",*"/ 8 *!" P($*+"@
-n behalf of the Go"ernment of Peru
+, *!" M")%$+(' (,/ +, *!" R"4'@
F%$ *!" $"(%, "* %0* X+, P"$0 M")%$+(' (,/ R"4' *!" R"408'+& % P"$0$"Q0"* *!" C%0$* *% (/0/" (,/ /"&'($" *!(*@
;1< T!" /"'+)+*(*+%, 8"*:"", *!" $"4"&*+" )($+*+)" %," 8"*:"", *!" R"408'+& %P"$0 (,/ *!" R"408'+& % C!+'" + ( '+," *($*+, (* ZP%+,* C%,&%$/+( ;/"+,"/ (*!" +,*"$"&*+%, :+*! *!" '%:-:(*"$ )($> % ( 1->+'%)"*$" $(/+0 ($& !(+, ( +* &",*$" *!" +$* 8$+/"%"$ *!" R+"$ L'0*( % *!" A$+&(-L( P( $(+':(< (,/ "Q0+/+*(,* $%) *!" 8("'+," % 8%*! P($*+" 04 *% (
4%+,* +*0(*"/ (* ( /+*(,&" % 2 ,(0*+&(' )+'" $%) *!%" 8("'+," (,/
;2< B"%,/ *!" 4%+,* :!"$" *!" &%))%, )($+*+)" 8%$/"$ ",/ P"$0 + ",*+*'"/ *% "9"$&+" "9&'0+" %"$"+,$+!* %"$ ( )($+*+)" ($"( '+, %0* *% ( /+*(,&" % 2 ,(0*+&(' )+'" $%) +* 8("'+,".
T!" R"408'+& % P"$0 $""$" +* $+!* *% ()",/ *!"" 08)++%, ( *!" &(")( 8" +, *!" &%0$" % *!" 4$"",* 4$%&""/+,.
-
8/13/2019 Diferendo Martimo Fallo completo Ingles.doc
14/70
-n behalf of the Go"ernment of Chile
+, *!" C%0,*"$-M")%$+(' (,/ +, *!" R"%+,/"$@
C!+'" $"4"&*0'' $"Q0"* *!" C%0$* *%@
=a> /+)+ P"$0 &'(+) +, *!"+$ ",*+$"*=b> (/0/" (,/ /"&'($" *!(*@;+< *!" $"4"&*+" )($+*+)" %," ",*+*'")",* % C!+'" (,/ P"$0 !(" 8"", 0'' /"'+)+*"/ 8 ($"")",*
;++< *!%" )($+*+)" %," ",*+*'")",* ($" /"'+)+*"/ 8 ( 8%0,/($ %''%:+, *!" 4($(''"' % '(*+*0/" 4(+,*!$%0! *!" )%* "(:($/ 8%0,/($ )($>"$ % *!" '(,/ 8%0,/($ 8"*:"", C!+'" (,/ P"$0 >,%:, ( H+*%N%. 1 !(+, ( '(*+*0/" % 1[ 21\ ] S 0,/"$ WGS D(*0) (,/
;+++< P"$0 !( ,% ",*+*'")",* *% (, )($+*+)" %," "9*",/+, *% *!" %0*! % *!(*4($(''"'.
15. A* *!" %$(' 4$%&""/+, *!" P($*+" 4$"",*"/ *!" ()" 08)++%, ( *!%" &%,*(+,"/ +, *!"+$:$+**", 4'"(/+,.
I. GEOGRAPHY
16. P"$0 (,/ C!+'" ($" +*0(*"/ +, *!" :"*"$, 4($* % S%0*! A)"$+&( *!"+$ )(+,'(,/ &%(* (&" *!"P(&++& O&"(,. P"$0 !($" ( '(,/ 8%0,/($ :+*! E&0(/%$ *% +* ,%$*! (,/ :+*! C!+'" *% +* %0*!. I, *!" ($"(:+*! :!+&! *!"" 4$%&""/+, ($" &%,&"$,"/ P"$0 &%(* $0, +, ( ,%$*!-:"* /+$"&*+%, $%) *!" *($*+,-4%+,* % *!" '(,/ 8%0,/($ 8"*:"", *!" P($*+" %, *!" P(&++& &%(* (,/ C!+'" ","$('' %''%: ( ,%$*!-%0*! %$+",*(*+%,. T!" &%(* % 8%*! P"$0 (,/ C!+'" +, *!(* ($"( ($" )%*' 0,&%)4'+&(*"/ (,/ $"'(*+"')%%*! :+*! ,% /+*+,&* 4$%)%,*%$+" %$ %*!"$ /+*+,0+!+, "(*0$". ;S"" >"*&!-)(4 N%. 1@G"%$(4!+&(' &%,*"9*.
-
8/13/2019 Diferendo Martimo Fallo completo Ingles.doc
15/70
-
8/13/2019 Diferendo Martimo Fallo completo Ingles.doc
16/70
II. HISTORICAL -ACGROUND
17. C!+'" (+,"/ +* +,/"4",/",&" $%) S4(+, +, 11 (,/ P"$0 /+/ % +, 121. A* *!" *+)" %+,/"4",/",&" P"$0 (,/ C!+'" :"$" ,%* ,"+!8%0$+, S*(*". S+*0(*"/ 8"*:"", *!" *:% &%0,*$+" :( *!"S4(,+! &%'%,+(' *"$$+*%$ % C!($&( :!+&! ( $%) 125 8"&()" *!" R"408'+& % B%'++(. I, 17# C!+'"/"&'($"/ :($ %, P"$0 (,/ B%'++( +, :!(* + >,%:, !+*%$+&('' ( *!" W($ % *!" P(&++&. I, 13
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
1. C!+'" (,/ P"$0 (+'"/ *% ($"" %, *!" *"$) % *!" (8%"-)",*+%,"/ 4'"8+&+*". F+,('' %, 3 ?0,"1#2# %''%:+, )"/+(*+%, (**")4* 8 *!" P$"+/",* % *!" U,+*"/ S*(*" % A)"$+&( *!" *:% &%0,*$+"+,"/ *!" T$"(* %$ *!" S"**'")",* % *!" D+40*" $"($/+, T(&,( (,/ A$+&( ;!"$"+,(*"$ *!" 1#2# T$"(*% L+)(< (,/ +* A//+*+%,(' P$%*%&%' :!"$"8 *!" ($""/ *!(* T(&,( :%0'/ 8" $"*0$,"/ *% P"$0 :!+'"
C!+'" :%0'/ $"*(+, A$+&(. T!" 1#2# T$"(* % L+)( ('% +9"/ *!" '(,/ 8%0,/($ 8"*:"", *!" *:% &%0,*$+".U,/"$ A$*+&'" 3 % *!(* T$"(* *!" P($*+" ($""/ *!(* ( M+9"/ C%))++%, % L+)+* !%0'/ 8" &%,*+*0*"/+, %$/"$ *% /"*"$)+," (,/ )($> *!" ($""/ 8%0,/($ 0+, ( "$+" % )($>"$ ;!+*% +, S4(,+! V%'. 1644. 31 315 323 (,/ 331 R"+*$(*+%, N%. I-1756 *% I-175#
-
8/13/2019 Diferendo Martimo Fallo completo Ingles.doc
17/70
% +,*$0)",* % $(*++&(*+%,. W+*! $"($/ *% *!" *:% 1#67 ($"")",* *!" S"&$"*($+(* :( +,%$)"/ +,1#76 *!(* *!" +,(*%$ S*(*" !(/ ($""/ ,%* *% +,+* 04%, *!" $"+*$(*+%, % *!"" +,*$0)",* ( *!"$"'(*"/ *% )(**"$ % 40$"' +,*"$,(' %$(,+(*+%,.
R"4$"",*(*+" % *!" *!$"" S*(*" ('% +,"/ +, 1#55 (,/ '(*"$ $(*++"/ *!" A$"")",* %$ *!" R"0'(*+%,% P"$)+* %$ *!" E94'%+*(*+%, % *!" R"%0$&" % *!" S%0*! P(&++&. T!(* *$"(* :( ,%* !%:""$
08)+**"/ *% *!" U,+*"/ N(*+%, %$ $"+*$(*+%, ('%, :+*! *!" %*!"$ *:"'" +,*$0)",* +, 1#73 %$ (* (,%*!"$ *+)".
III. POSITIONS OF THE PARTIES
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
'+," &'(+)"/ 8 P"$0 (,/ C!+'" $"4"&*+"'.< P"$0 ('% ($0" *!(* 8"%,/ *!" 4%+,* :!"$" *!" &%))%,)($+*+)" 8%0,/($ ",/ +* + ",*+*'"/ *% "9"$&+" "9&'0+" %"$"+, $+!* %"$ ( )($+*+)" ($"( '+, %0**% ( /+*(,&" % 2 ,(0*+&(' )+'" $%) +* 8("'+,". ;T!+ )($+*+)" ($"( + /"4+&*"/ %, >"*&!-)(4 N%. 2+, ( /($>"$ !(/" % 8'0".< C!+'" $"4%,/ *!(* P"$0 !( ,% ",*+*'")",* *% (, )($+*+)" %," "9*",/+, *%*!" %0*! % *!" 4($(''"' % '(*+*0/" ('%, :!+&! ( C!+'" )(+,*(+, *!" +,*"$,(*+%,(' )($+*+)" 8%0,/($$0,.
23. C!+'" &%,*",/ *!(* *!" 4$+,&+4'" % 4(&*( 0,* "$(,/( (,/ *!" 4$+,&+4'" % *(8+'+* % 8%0,/($+"4$"",* (, (**")4* *% +,+*" *!" C%0$* *% $"/$(: ( 8%0,/($ *!(* !( ('$"(/ 8"", ($""/. C!+'" (// *!(**!"$" !(" 8"", +,++&(,* 8","+* *% 8%*! P($*+" ( ( $"0'* % *!" *(8+'+* % *!"+$ '%,-*(,/+,)($+*+)" 8%0,/($. P"$0 ($0" *!(* *!" /"'+)+*(*+%, '+," (/%&(*"/ 8 C!+'" + *%*('' +,"Q0+*(8'" ( +*
(&&%$/ C!+'" ( 0'' 2-,(0*+&('-)+'" )($+*+)" "9*",+%, :!"$"( P"$0 +, &%,*$(* 0"$ ( ""$" &0*-% ""&*. P"$0 *(*" *!(* +* + "9*$(%$/+,($ %$ C!+'" *% ""> *% &!($(&*"$+" ( 8%0,/($ '+," :!+&!(&&%$/ C!+'" )%$" *!(, *:+&" ( )0&! )($+*+)" ($"( ( +* :%0'/ P"$0 ( ( *(8'" $%,*+"$ :!+&! +8","+&+(' *% P"$0.
-
8/13/2019 Diferendo Martimo Fallo completo Ingles.doc
18/70
-
8/13/2019 Diferendo Martimo Fallo completo Ingles.doc
19/70
IV. /HETHER THERE IS AN AGREED MARITIME -OUNDARY
2. I, %$/"$ *% "**'" *!" /+40*" 8"%$" +* *!" C%0$* )0* +$* (&"$*(+, :!"*!"$ (, ($""/ )($+*+)"8%0,/($ "9+* ( C!+'" &'(+). I, (//$"+, *!+ Q0"*+%, *!" P($*+" &%,+/"$"/ *!" +,++&(,&" % *!"1#7 P$%&'()(*+%, *!" 1#52 S(,*+(% D"&'($(*+%, (,/ ($+%0 ($"")",* &%,&'0/"/ +, 1#52 (,/ 1#5.T!" ('% $""$$"/ *% *!" 4$(&*+&" % *!" P($*+" 08"Q0",* *% *!" 1#52 S(,*+(% D"&'($(*+%,. T!" C%0$*
:+'' /"(' :+*! "(&! % *!"" )(**"$ +, *0$,.
1. T& 147 P$+c'!!*+" +3 C'& !" P&$#
25. A ,%*"/ (8%" ;"" 4($($(4! 1#
-
8/13/2019 Diferendo Martimo Fallo completo Ingles.doc
20/70
31. C!+'" 0$*!"$ ($0" *!(* *!" 1#7 P$%&'()(*+%, "* &'"($ 8%0,/($+" % *!" )($+*+)" %,"$""$$"/ *% *!"$"+,. C!+'" &%,*",/ *!(* *!" )"*!%/ +, P"$0 1#7 D"&$"" % 0+, ( "%$(4!+&(' 4($(''"'*% )"(0$" *!" %0*:($/ '+)+* % *!" )($+*+)" %," ('% ,"&"($+' /"*"$)+," *!" ,%$*!"$, (,/ %0*!"$,'(*"$(' '+)+* % 0&! %," ('%, 0&! '+," % "%$(4!+&(' 4($(''"'. A&&%$/+, *% C!+'" +* %:, $""$",&"*% ( 4"$+)"*"$ (,/ *% *!" )(*!")(*+&(' 4($(''"' +, +* 1#7 D"&'($(*+%, &%0'/ 8" +)+'($' 0,/"$*%%/ (+,/+&(*+, *!(* ( *$(& 4($(''^'" )"*!%/ :( 0"/ *% +,/+&(*" *!" 4"$+)"*"$ % *!" &'(+)"/ C!+'"(, %,".
32. C!+'" (// *!(* 4($(''"' % '(*+*0/" :"$" ('% 0"/ +, *!" 4$(&*+&" % A)"$+&(, S*(*". P"$0$"4%,/ *!(* *!" 0" % 4($(''"' % '(*+*0/" 8 %*!"$ A)"$+&(, S*(*" /"&$+8"/ 8 C!+'" ($" ,%* +,*(,&"% *!" 0" % 4($(''"' % '(*+*0/" ( +,*"$,(*+%,(' )($+*+)" 8%0,/($+".
33. F%$ C!+'" *!" 4$+)($ +,++&(,&" % *!" 1#7 P$%&'()(*+%, + ( (,*"&"/",* *% *!" 1#52S(,*+(% D"&'($(*+%,. C!+'" ('% $""$ *% *!" 1#7 P$%&'()(*+%, ( &+$&0)*(,&" % *!" &%,&'0+%, % *!"1#52 S(,*+(% D"&'($(*+%, (,/ *!" 1#5 S4"&+(' M($+*+)" F$%,*+"$ %," A$"")",* +, (&&%$/(,&" :+*!A$*+&'" 32 % *!" V+",,( C%,",*+%, %, *!" L(: % T$"(*+". C!+'" )(+,*(+, *!(* *!" 1#7 P$%&'()(*+%,+, 4($*+&0'($ P"$0 0" % ( '+," % *!" "%$(4!+& 4($(''"' *% )"(0$" +* )($+*+)" 4$%"&*+%, $",/"$"/
*!" 8%0,/($ /"'+)+*(*+%, 0,&%,*$%"$+(' +, 1#52 ( *!"$" &%0'/ 8" ,% '" &%,*$%"$+(' 8%0,/($/"'+)+*(*+%, *!(, :!", *!" &'(+)"/ )($+*+)" %," % *:% (/(&",* S*(*" (80* 4"$"&*' 80* /% ,%* %"$'(4.H%:""$ C!+'" 0$*!"$ &'($++" *!(* +* /%" ,%* &%,+/"$ *!(* *!" 1#7 P$%&'()(*+%, *!")"'""*(8'+!"/ ( )($+*+)" 8%0,/($ 8"*:"", *!" P($*+".
3. P"$0 Q0"*+%, *!" C!+'"(, &'(+) *!(* *!" (/(&",* )($+*+)" %," (80* 4"$"&*' 8 4%+,*+, %0**!(* *!" 1#7 P$%&'()(*+%, /% ,%* *+40'(*" &%-%$/+,(*" %$ $""$ *% +,*"$,(*+%,(' 8%0,/($+". P"$0 +":%, *!" &%,,"&*+%, 8"*:"", *!" 1#7 P$%&'()(*+%, (,/ *!" 1#52 S(,*+(% D"&'($(*+%, + *!(* *!" 1#7P$%&'()(*+%, &(,,%* &%,*+*0*" &+$&0)*(,&" % *!" 1#52 S(,*+(%
D"&'($(*+%, &%,&'0+%, +, *!" "," % A$*+&'" 32 % *!" V+",,( C%,",*+%, %, *!" L(: % T$"(*+" (*!" 4$"-/(*" *!" &%,&'0+%, % *!" 1#52 S(,*+(% D"&'($(*+%, 8 +" "($. P"$0 ('% Q0"*+%, C!+'"("$*+%, *!(* *!" 1#7 P$%&'()(*+%, &%,*+*0*" &+$&0)*(,&" % *!" &%,&'0+%, % *!" 1#5 S4"&+('M($+*+)" F$%,*+"$ %," A$"")",*.
35. T!" P($*+" 0$*!"$ /+($"" %, *!" '"(' ,(*0$" % *!" 1#7 P$%&'()(*+%, 4($*+&0'($' C!+'"1#7 D"&'($(*+%,. C!+'" &%,*",/ *!(* *!" 1#7 P$%&'()(*+%, "(&! !(/ +))"/+(*" ""&* :+*!%0* *!" ,""/%$ 0$*!"$ %$)('+* %$ ",(&*+, '"+'(*+%,. P"$0 /",+" *!+ &%,*",/+, $(*!"$ *!(* C!+'" 1#7D"&'($(*+%, /+/ ,%* !(" *!" ,(*0$" % ( '"(' (&*. I* 4%+,* *% *!" (&* *!(* *!" 1#7 D"&'($(*+%, :(408'+!"/ %,' +, ( /(+' ,":4(4"$ (,/ ,%* +, *!" O+&+(' G("**" % C!+'".
36. C!+'" $"4%," *% *!"" ($0)",* + *!(* *!" *(*0 % +* 1#7 D"&'($(*+%, 0,/"$ /%)"*+& '(: +,%* /"*"$)+,(*+" % +* *(*0 0,/"$ +,*"$,(*+%,(' '(: ")4!(++, *!(* +* :( (, +,*"$,(*+%,(' &'(+) )(/"8 *!" P$"+/",* % C!+'" (,/ (//$""/ *% *!" +,*"$,(*+%,(' &%))0,+*. C!+'" 4%+,* %0* *!(* *!" P($*+""9&!(,"/ %$)(' ,%*++&(*+%, % *!"+$ 1#7 P$%&'()(*+%, ($0+, *!(* *!" '(&> % 4$%*"* *!"$"*%/")%,*$(*" (&&"4*(,&" % *!" ('+/+* % *!" %*!"$ &'(+) *% %"$"+,* +,&'0/+, +, $"'(*+%, *% *!"4"$+)"*"$. T!+ :( &!(''","/ 8 P"$0.
-
8/13/2019 Diferendo Martimo Fallo completo Ingles.doc
21/70
37. T!" $"'"(,* 4($($(4! % C!+'" 1#7 D"&'($(*+%, 4$%+/" ( %''%:@
C%,+/"$+,@
1. T!(* *!" G%"$,)",* % *!" U,+*"/ S*(*" % A)"$+&( % M"9+&% (,/ % *!" A$",*+," R"408'+& 8
4$"+/",*+(' /"&'($(*+%, )(/" %, 2 S"4*")8"$ 1#5 2# O&*%8"$ 1#5 (,/ 11 O&*%8"$ 1#6 $"4"&*+"'
................................................................
2. T!(* *!" !(" "94'+&+*' 4$%&'(+)"/ *!" $+!* % *!"+$ S*(*" *% 4$%*"&* 4$""$" &%,*$%' (,/ +,4"&*+!+, ",*"$4$+" :+*! *!" %8"&* % 4$"",*+, +''+&+* (&*++*+" *!$"(*",+, *% /()(" %$ /"*$% *!"&%,+/"$(8'" ,(*0$(' $+&!" % *!+ >+,/ &%,*(+,"/ +, *!" "( (/(&",* *% *!"+$ &%(* (,/ :!+&! ($"+,/+4",(8'" *% *!" :"'($" (,/ 4$%$" % *!"+$ $"4"&*+" 4"%4'" (,/ *!(* *!" 0*+&" % 0&! &'(+) ++,/+40*(8'"
3. T!(* +* + )(,+"*' &%,",+",* +, *!" &(" % *!" C!+'"(, R"408'+& *% +0" ( +)+'($ 4$%&'()(*+%, %%"$"+,* ,%* %,' 8 *!" (&* % 4%"+, (,/ !(+, ('$"(/ 0,/"$ "94'%+*(*+%, ,(*0$(' $+&!"
"",*+(' *% *!" '+" % *!" ,(*+%, (,/ &%,*(+,"/ +, *!" &%,*+,",*(' !"' 0&! ( *!" &%('-)+," :!+&! ($""94'%+*"/ 8%*! %, *!" )(+,'(,/ (,/ 0,/"$ *!" "( 80* 0$*!"$ 8"&(0" +, +": % +* *%4%$(4! (,/ *!",($$%:," % +* 8%0,/($+" *!" '+" % *!" &%0,*$ + '+,>"/ *% *!" "( (,/ *% ('' 4$"",* (,/ 0*0$" ,(*0$('$+&!" &%,*(+,"/ :+*!+, +* )%$" % *!(, +, *!" &(" % (, %*!"$ &%0,*$
................................................................
;1< T!" G%"$,)",* % C!+'" &%,+$) (,/ 4$%&'(+) +* ,(*+%,(' %"$"+,* %"$ ('' *!" &%,*+,",*(' !"'(/(&",* *% *!" &%,*+,",*(' (,/ +'(,/ &%(* % +* ,(*+%,(' *"$$+*%$ :!(*""$ )( 8" *!"+$ /"4*! 8"'%: *!""( (,/ &'(+) 8 &%,"Q0",&" ('' *!" ,(*0$(' $+&!" :!+&! "9+* %, *!" (+/ !"' 8%*! +, (,/ 0,/"$ +*>,%:, %$ *% 8" /+&%"$"/.
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
;3< T!" /")($&(*+%, % *!" 4$%*"&*+%, %," %$ :!('+, (,/ /""4 "( +!"$ +, *!" &%,*+,",*(' (,/ +'(,/"( 0,/"$ *!" &%,*$%' % *!" G%"$,)",* % C!+'" :+'' 8" )(/" +, (&&%$/(,&" :+*! *!+ /"&'($(*+%, %%"$"+,* (* (, )%)",* :!+&! *!" G%"$,)",* )( &%,+/"$ &%,",+",* 0&! /")($&(*+%, *% 8"$(*++"/ ()4'++"/ %$ )%/++"/ +, (, :( *% &%,%$) :+*! *!" >,%:'"/" /+&%"$+" *0/+" (,/
+,*"$"* % C!+'" ( $"Q0+$"/ +, *!" 0*0$". P$%*"&*+%, (,/ &%,*$%' + !"$"8 /"&'($"/ +))"/+(*"' %"$ (''*!" "( &%,*(+,"/ :+*!+, *!" 4"$+)"*"$ %$)"/ 8 *!" &%(* (,/ *!" )(*!")(*+&(' 4($(''"' 4$%"&*"/ +,*% *!""( (* ( /+*(,&" % 2 ,(0*+&(' )+'" $%) *!" &%(* % C!+'"(, *"$$+*%$. T!+ /")($&(*+%, :+'' 8"&('&0'(*"/ *% +,&'0/" *!" C!+'"(, +'(,/ +,/+&(*+, ( )($+*+)" %," &%,*+0%0 *% *!" &%(* % *!" (+/+'(,/ 4$%"&*"/ 4($(''"' *% *!"" +'(,/ (* ( /+*(,&" % 2 ,(0*+&(' )+'" ($%0,/ *!"+$ &%(*.
;< T!" 4$"",* /"&'($(*+%, % %"$"+,* /%" ,%* /+$"($/ *!" +)+'($ '"+*+)(*" $+!* % %*!"$ S*(*" %,( 8(+ % $"&+4$%&+* ,%$ /%" +* ("&* *!" $+!* % $"" ,(+(*+%, %, *!" !+! "(.
3. T!" $"'"(,* 4($($(4! % P"$0 1#7 D"&$"" 4$%+/" ( %''%:@
T!" P$"+/",* % *!" R"408'+&
C%,+/"$+,@
................................................................
-
8/13/2019 Diferendo Martimo Fallo completo Ingles.doc
22/70
T!(* *!" !"' &%,*(+, &"$*(+, ,(*0$(' $"%0$&" :!+&! )0* 8" 4$%&'(+)"/ ( %0$ ,(*+%,(' !"$+*("
T!(* +* + /"")"/ "Q0('' ,"&"($ *!(* *!" S*(*" 4$%*"&* )(+,*(+, (,/ "*(8'+! ( &%,*$%' %+!"$+" (,/ %*!"$ ,(*0$(' $"%0$&" %0,/ +, *!" &%,*+,",*(' :(*"$ :!+&! &%"$ *!" 08)"$"/ !"' (,/*!" (/(&",* &%,*+,",*(' "( +, %$/"$ *!(* *!"" $"%0$&" :!+&! ($" % "",*+(' *% %0$ ,(*+%,(' '+" )(&%,*+,0" *% 8" "94'%+*"/ ,%: (,/ +, *!" 0*0$" +, 0&! ( :( ( *% &(0" ,% /"*$+)",* *% *!" &%0,*$
"&%,%) %$ *% +* %%/ 4$%/0&*+%,................................................................
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
T!" 4$"",* /"&'($(*+%, /%" ,%* ("&* *!" $+!* *% $"" ,(+(*+%, % !+4 % ('' ,(*+%, (&&%$/+,*% +,*"$,(*+%,(' '(:.
3#. T!" C%0$* ,%*" *!(* *!" P($*+" ($" +, ($"")",* *!(* *!" 1#7 P$%&'()(*+%, /% ,%* *!")"'""*(8'+! (, +,*"$,(*+%,(' )($+*+)" 8%0,/($. T!" C%0$* *!"$"%$" :+'' &%,+/"$ *!" 1#7 P$%&'()(*+%,%,' %$ *!" 40$4%" % (&"$*(+,+, :!"*!"$ *!" *"9* "+/",&" *!" P($*+" 0,/"$*(,/+, ( ($ ( *!""*(8'+!)",* % ( 0*0$" )($+*+)" 8%0,/($ 8"*:"", *!") + &%,&"$,"/.
. T!" C%0$* %8"$" *!(* 4($($(4! 3 % C!+'" 1#7 D"&'($(*+%, $""$$"/ *% ( )(*!")(*+&('
4($(''"' 4$%"&*"/ +,*% *!" "( *% ( /+*(,&" % 2 ,(0*+&(' )+'" $%) *!" C!+'"(, &%(*. S0&! ()(*!")(*+&(' 4($(''"' '+)+*"/ *!" "(:($/ "9*",* % *!" 4$%"&*+%, 80* /+/ ,%* +9 +* '(*"$(' '+)+*. T!"1#7 D"&'($(*+%, ,%,"*!"'" *(*"/ *!(* +* &%,&"$,"/ *!" &%,*+,",*(' !"' (,/ *!" "( (/(&",* *% *!"C!+'"(, &%(*. I* +)4'+"/ *!" ,""/ *% +9 +, *!" 0*0$" *!" '(*"$(' '+)+* % *!" 0$+/+&*+%, *!(* +* :(
-
8/13/2019 Diferendo Martimo Fallo completo Ingles.doc
23/70
"">+, *% "*(8'+! :+*!+, ( 4"&++"/ 4"$+)"*"$. T!" C%0$* 0$*!"$ ,%*" *!(* P"$0 1#7 D"&$"" +,4($($(4! 3 $""$$"/ *% "%$(4!+&(' 4($(''"' +, +/",*++, +* )($+*+)" %,". T!" /"&$+4*+%, % *!"$"'"(,* )($+*+)" %," +, *!" 1#7 P$%&'()(*+%, (44"($ *% 0" ( tracE parallFle )"*!%/. H%:""$ *!"0*+'+(*+%, % 0&! )"*!%/ + ,%* 0+&+",* *% "+/",&" ( &'"($ +,*",*+%, % *!" P($*+" *!(* *!"+$ "",*0(')($+*+)" 8%0,/($ :%0'/ 8" ( 4($(''"'.
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
2. T!" '(,0(" % P"$0 1#7 D"&$"" + "Q0('' &%,/+*+%,('. I, 4($($(4! 3 P"$0 $""$" *!" $+!**% )%/+ +* %," % &%,*$%' (,/ 4$%*"&*+%, ( ( $"0'* % ,(*+%,(' +,*"$"* :!+&! )( 8"&%)"(44($",* +, *!" 0*0$".
3. I, +": % *!" (8%" *!" '(,0(" % *!" 1#7 P$%&'()(*+%, ( :"'' ( *!"+$ 4$%++%,(' ,(*0$"4$"&'0/" (, +,*"$4$"*(*+%, % *!") ( $"'"&*+, ( !($"/ 0,/"$*(,/+, % *!" P($*+" &%,&"$,+, )($+*+)"/"'+)+*(*+%,. A* *!" ()" *+)" *!" C%0$* %8"$" *!(* *!" P($*+" 1#7 P$%&'()(*+%, &%,*(+, +)+'($&'(+) &%,&"$,+, *!"+$ $+!* (,/ 0$+/+&*+%, +, *!" )($+*+)" %," ++, $+" *% *!" ,"&"+* %"*(8'+!+, *!" '(*"$(' '+)+* % *!"" %," +, *!" 0*0$".
. H(+, $"(&!"/ *!+ &%,&'0+%, *!" C%0$* /%" ,%* ,""/ *% (//$" C!+'" ($0)",* &%,&"$,+,*!" $"'"(,&" % *!" &%))0,+&(*+%, % *!" 1#7 P$%&'()(*+%, inter se (,/ P"$0 $"4%," *% *!(*($0)",*. T!" C%0$* ,%*" !%:""$ *!(* 8%*! P"$0 (,/ C!+'" +)4' (&>,%:'"/"/ $"&"+4* % "(&! %*!"$,%*++&(*+%, :+*!%0* )(>+, (, $""$",&" *% *!" 4%+8'" "*(8'+!)",* % (, +,*"$,(*+%,(' )($+*+)"8%0,/($ 8"*:"", *!").
-
8/13/2019 Diferendo Martimo Fallo completo Ingles.doc
24/70
2. T& 152 S!"*!6+ D&c'!$!*+"
5. A ,%*"/ (8%" ;"" 4($($(4! 2 ,%: + *% (&"$*(+, :!"*!"$ +* "*(8'+!"/ ()($+*+)" 8%0,/($ 8"*:"", *!" P($*+".
#. T!" 1#52 S(,*+(% D"&'($(*+%, 4$%+/" ( %''%:@
1. G%"$,)",* !(" *!" %8'+(*+%, *% ",0$" %$ *!"+$ 4"%4'" *!" ,"&"($ &%,/+*+%, %08+*",&" (,/ *% 4$%+/" *!") :+*! *!" $"%0$&" %$ *!"+$ "&%,%)+& /""'%4)",*.
2. C%,"Q0",*' *!" ($" $"4%,+8'" %$ *!" &%,"$(*+%, (,/ 4$%*"&*+%, % *!"+$ ,(*0$(' $"%0$&"(,/ %$ *!" $"0'(*+%, % *!" /""'%4)",* % *!"" $"%0$&" +, %$/"$ *% "&0$" *!" 8"* 4%+8'"(/(,*(" %$ *!"+$ $"4"&*+" &%0,*$+".
3. T!0 +* + ('% *!"+$ /0* *% 4$"",* (, "94'%+*(*+%, % *!"" $"%0$&" 8"%,/ *!" &%4" % *!"+$0$+/+&*+%, :!+&! ",/(,"$ *!" "9+*",&" +,*"$+* (,/ &%,"$(*+%, % *!"" $"%0$&" *% *!"/"*$+)",* % *!" 4"%4'" :!% 8"&(0" % *!"+$ "%$(4!+&(' +*0(*+%, 4%" +$$"4'(&"(8'" )"(,% 08+*",&" (,/ +*(' "&%,%)+& $"%0$&" +, *!"+$ "(.
-
8/13/2019 Diferendo Martimo Fallo completo Ingles.doc
25/70
I, +": % *!" %$"%+, &%,+/"$(*+%, *!" G%"$,)",* % C!+'" E&0(/%$ (,/ P"$0 /"*"$)+,"/ *%&%,"$" (,/ ("0($/ %$ *!"+$ $"4"&*+" 4"%4'" *!" ,(*0$(' $"%0$&" % *!" )($+*+)" %," (/(&",* *%*!"+$ &%(* %$)0'(*" *!" %''%:+, D"&'($(*+%,@
I. T!" "%'%+&(' (,/ 8+%'%+&(' (&*%$ :!+&! /"*"$)+," *!" "9+*",&" &%,"$(*+%, (,//""'%4)",* % )($+," (0,( (,/ '%$( +, *!" :(*"$ ('%, *!" &%(* % *!" &%0,*$+" )(>+, *!"
D"&'($(*+%, ($" 0&! *!(* *!" %$)"$ "9*",+%, % *!" *"$$+*%$+(' "( (,/ *!" &%,*+0%0 %," ($"+,(/"Q0(*" %$ *!" 40$4%" % *!" &%,"$(*+%, /""'%4)",* (,/ "94'%+*(*+%, % *!"" $"%0$&"*% :!+&! *!" &%(*(' &%0,*$+" ($" ",*+*'"/.
II. I, *!" '+!* % *!"" &+$&0)*(,&" *!" G%"$,)",* % C!+'" E&0(/%$ (,/ P"$0 4$%&'(+) ( (,%$) % *!"+$ +,*"$,(*+%,(' )($+*+)" 4%'+& *!(* *!" "(&! 4%" "9&'0+" %"$"+,* (,/0$+/+&*+%, %"$ *!" "( ('%, *!" &%(* % *!"+$ $"4"&*+" &%0,*$+" *% ( )+,+)0) /+*(,&" %2 ,(0*+&(' )+'" $%) *!"" &%(*.
III. T!" "9&'0+" 0$+/+&*+%, (,/ %"$"+,* %"$ *!+ )($+*+)" %," !('' ('% ",&%)4( "9&'0+"%"$"+,* (,/ 0$+/+&*+%, %"$ *!" "(8"/ (,/ *!" 08%+' *!"$"%.
IV I, *!" &(" % +'(,/ *"$$+*%$+" *!" %," % 2 ,(0*+&(' )+'" !('' (44' *% *!" ",*+$" &%(* % *!"+'(,/ %$ $%04 % +'(,/. I (, +'(,/ %$ $%04 % +'(,/ 8"'%,+, *% %," % *!" &%0,*$+" )(>+,*!" /"&'($(*+%, + +*0(*"/ '" *!(, 2 ,(0*+&(' )+'" $%) *!" ","$(' )($+*+)" %," 8"'%,+, *%(,%*!"$ % *!%" &%0,*$+" *!" )($+*+)" %," % *!" +'(,/ %$ $%04 % +'(,/ !('' 8" '+)+*"/ 8*!" 4($(''"' (* *!" 4%+,* (* :!+&! *!" '(,/ $%,*+"$ % *!" S*(*" &%,&"$,"/ $"(&!" *!" "(.
V T!+ /"&'($(*+%, !('' 8" :+*!%0* 4$"0/+&" *% *!" ,"&"($ '+)+*(*+%, *% *!" "9"$&+" %%"$"+,* (,/ 0$+/+&*+%, "*(8'+!"/ 0,/"$ +,*"$,(*+%,(' '(: *% (''%: +,,%&",* (,/ +,%",+"4((" *!$%0! *!" ($"( +,/+&(*"/ %$ !+4 % ('' ,(*+%,.
VI. F%$ *!" (44'+&(*+%, % *!" 4$+,&+4'" &%,*(+,"/ +, *!+ D"&'($(*+%, *!" G%"$,)",* % C!+'"
E&0(/%$ (,/ P"$0 !"$"8 (,,%0,&" *!"+$ +,*",*+%, *% +, ($"")",* %$ &%,",*+%, :!+&! !(''"*(8'+! ","$(' ,%$) *% $"0'(*" (,/ 4$%*"&* !0,*+, (,/ +!+, :+*!+, *!" )($+*+)" %,"8"'%,+, *% *!") (,/ *% $"0'(*" (,/ &%-%$/+,(*" *!" "94'%+*(*+%, (,/ /""'%4)",* % ('' %*!"$>+,/ % 4$%/0&* %$ ,(*0$(' $"%0$&" "9+*+, +, *!"" :(*"$ :!+&!($" % &%))%, +,*"$"*.
-
8/13/2019 Diferendo Martimo Fallo completo Ingles.doc
26/70
5. P"$0 ("$* *!(* *!" 1#52 S(,*+(% D"&'($(*+%, '(&> &!($(&*"$+*+& :!+&! )+!* 8" "94"&*"/ %( 8%0,/($ ($"")",* ,()"' (, (44$%4$+(*" %$)(* ( /"+,+*+%, %$ /"&$+4*+%, % ( 8%0,/($&($*%$(4!+& )(*"$+(' (,/ ( $"Q0+$")",* %$ $(*++&(*+%,. C!+'" /+($"" :+*! P"$0 ($0)",* &%,&"$,+,*!" &!($(&*"$+*+& % 8%0,/($ ($"")",* 4%+,*+, %0* *!(* ( *$"(* ""&*+, ( 8%0,/($ /"'+)+*(*+%, &(,*(>" (, %$).
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a> % *!" V+",,( C%,",*+%, %, *!" L(: %T$"(*+". A'*!%0! C!+'" $"&%,+" *!(* *!" +0" % +'(,/ :( % 4($*+&0'($ &%,&"$, *% E&0(/%$ +* ('%*$"" *!(* *!"$" ($" $"'"(,* +'(,/ +, *!" +&+,+* % *!" P"$0-C!+'" 8%$/"$.
52. C!+'" )(+,*(+, *!(* *!" $"'(*+%,!+4 8"*:"", ","$(' (,/ +,0'($ )($+*+)" %," )0* 8"0,/"$*%%/ +, '+!* % *!" (&* *!(* *!" /"'+)+*(*+%, % +,0'($ %," ('%, ( '+," % 4($(''"' + %,' &%!"$",*(,/ ""&*+" + *!"$" + ('% ( ","$(' )($+*+)" /"'+)+*(*+%, ('%, 0&! 4($(''"'. F0$*!"$ C!+'" 4%+,* %0**!(* +, %$/"$ *% /"*"$)+," + (, +'(,/ + +*0(*"/ '" *!(, 2 ,(0*+&(' )+'" $%) *!" ","$(' )($+*+)"%," % (,%*!"$ S*(*" 4($* *% *!" 1#52 S(,*+(% D"&'($(*+%, *!" 4"$+)"*"$ % 0&! ","$(' )($+*+)" %,")0* !(" ('$"(/ 8"", /"+,"/.
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
5. P"$0 $""&* C!+'" ($0)",* *!(* ( ","$(' )($+*+)" /"'+)+*(*+%, )0* 8" (0)"/ +, 4($($(4!IV % ( *% )(>" *!" $""$",&" *% +,0'($ /"'+)+*(*+%, ""&*+". I* ('% Q0"*+%, *!(* (
-
8/13/2019 Diferendo Martimo Fallo completo Ingles.doc
27/70
)($+*+)" 8%0,/($ &%0'/ $"0'* $%) (, (''""/ 4$(&*+&" +)4'+, %$ 4$"044%+, +* "9+*",&". P"$0($0" *!(* + +* :"$" *$0" *!(* 4($(''"' !(/ 8"", "*(8'+!"/ ( +,*"$,(*+%,(' )($+*+)" 8%0,/($+" 4$+%$ *%1#52 *!"$" :%0'/ !(" 8"", ,% ,""/ *% +,&'0/" 4($($(4! IV ( 0&! 8%0,/($+" :%0'/ !(" ('$"(/"**'"/ *!" Q0"*+%, % *!" "9*",* % *!" )($+*+)" ",*+*'")",* % +'(,/. P"$0 0$*!"$ &'(+) *!(* *!"40$4%" % 4($($(4! IV + *% 4$%+/" ( 4$%*"&*+" %," %$ +,0'($ )($+*+)" ",*+*'")",* % *!(* "", + (,"",*0(' )($+*+)" /"'+)+*(*+%, %&&0$$"/ +, ( )(,,"$ %*!"$:+" /"*$+)",*(' *% 0&! +,0'($ ",*+*'")",* +*
&%0'/ %,' /% % ( ($ ( *!" '+," % 4($(''"' $""$$"/ *% *!"$"+,. F+,('' P"$0 &%,*"* C!+'"+,*"$4$"*(*+%, % *!" M+,0*" % *!" 1#52 C%,"$",&" ($0+, ('% *!(* *!"" /% ,%* &%,*+*0*" (, %$) %$"&%$/"/ ($"")",* 80* &%0'/ %,' ()%0,* *% tra"au, prEparatoires.
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
%$"+, :!('+,. T!0 P"$0 *$"" *!(* *!" 1#52 S(,*+(% D"&'($(*+%, /%" ,%* +,&'0/" (, *+40'(*+%, (*% !%: *!" S*(*" 4($*+" )($+*+)" %," ($" /"'+)+*"/ $%) "(&! %*!"$.
-
8/13/2019 Diferendo Martimo Fallo completo Ingles.doc
28/70
57. T!" C%0$* + $"Q0+$"/ *% (,('" *!" *"$) % *!" 1#52 S(,*+(% D"&'($(*+%, +, (&&%$/(,&" :+*! *!"&0*%)($ +,*"$,(*+%,(' '(: % *$"(* +,*"$4$"*(*+%, ( $"'"&*"/ +, A$*+&'" 31 (,/ 32 % *!" V+",,(C%,",*+%, %, *!" L(: % T$"(*+" ;"" -il Platforms =.slamic +epublic of .ran . ?nited )tates of
merica># Preliminary -bections# udgment# .%C%% +eports 1997 =..> 4. 12 4($(. 23 Territorial *ispute=Libyan rab amahiriyaChad># udgment# .%C%% +eports 199 44. 21-22 4($(. 1
-
8/13/2019 Diferendo Martimo Fallo completo Ingles.doc
29/70
62. I, '+!* % *!" %$"%+, *!" C%0$* &%,&'0/" *!(* *!" %$/+,($ )"(,+, % 4($($(4! IV$"(/ +, +* &%,*"9* %" ,% 0$*!"$ *!(, "*(8'+!+, *!" P($*+" ($"")",* &%,&"$,+, *!" '+)+*8"*:"", &"$*(+, +,0'($ )($+*+)" %," (,/ *!%" %," ","$(*"/ 8 *!" &%,*+,",*(' &%(* :!+&! (80*0&! +,0'($ )($+*+)" %,".
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
6. T!" C%0$* 0$*!"$ &%,+/"$ *!(* +* + ,%* ,"&"($ %$ +* *% (//$" *!" "9+*",&" % )('' +'(,/'%&(*"/ &'%" *% *!" &%(* +, *!" $"+%, % *!" P"$0-C!+'" '(,/ 8%0,/($. T!" &(" +'" /")%,*$(*" *!(* *!"+0" % +,0'($ %," +, *!" &%,*"9* % *!" 1#52 S(,*+(% D"&'($(*+%, ($%" $%) ( &%,&"$, "94$""/ 8
E&0(/%$. I* + "Q0('' &'"($ $%) *!" &(" +'" *!(* *!" )('' +'(,/ /% ,%* (44"($ *% !(" 8"", % &%,&"$,*% *!" P($*+". A *(*"/ 8 C!+'" +, +* R"%+,/"$ $""$$+, *% *!"" )('' +'(,/ X,%," % *!") :()",*+%,"/ +, *!" ,"%*+(*+, $"&%$/ $"'(*"/ *% *!" 1#52 S(,*+(% D"&'($(*+%, . . . T!" %,' +'(,/ *!(* :"$")",*+%,"/ +, *!" &%,*"9* % *!" S(,*+(% D"&'($(*+%, :"$" E&0(/%$ G('=4(% I'(,/. P"$0 /+/ ,%*&%,*"* *!+.
65. T!" C%0$* $"&('' C!+'" ($0)",* 8("/ %, A$*+&'" 31 4($($(4! 2 =a> % *!" V+",,(C%,",*+%, %, *!" L(: % T$"(*+" *!(* *!" M+,0*" % *!" 1#52 C%,"$",&" &%,*+*0*" (, ($"")",*$"'(*+, *% *!" *$"(* :!+&! :( )(/" 8"*:"", ('' *!" 4($*+" +, &%,,"&*+%, :+*! *!" &%,&'0+%, % *!"*$"(*. T!" C%0$* &%,+/"$ *!(* *!" M+,0*" % *!" 1#52 C%,"$",&" 0))($+" *!" /+&0+%, '"(/+, *%*!" (/%4*+%, % *!" 1#52 S(,*+(% D"&'($(*+%, $(*!"$ *!(, $"&%$/ (, ($"")",* % *!" ,"%*+(*+, S*(*".T!0 *!" ($" )%$" (44$%4$+(*"' &!($(&*"$+"/ ( tra"au, prEparatoires :!+&! &%,*+*0*" 044'")",*($)"(, % +,*"$4$"*(*+%, :+*!+, *!" )"(,+, % A$*+&'" 32 % *!" V+",,( C%,",*+%, %, *!" L(: % T$"(*+".
66. I, '+!* % *!" (8%" *!" C%0$* /%" ,%* ,""/ +, 4$+,&+4'" *% $"%$* *% 044'")",*($ )"(, %+,*"$4$"*(*+%, 0&! ( *!" tra"au, prEparatoires % *!" 1#52 S(,*+(% D"&'($(*+%, (,/ *!" &+$&0)*(,&" %+* &%,&'0+%, *% /"*"$)+," *!" )"(,+, % *!(* D"&'($(*+%,. H%:""$ ( +, %*!"$ &(" ;"" %$ "9()4'")o"ereignty o"er Pulau Ligitan and Pulau )ipadan =.ndonesia0alaysia># udgment# .%C%% +eports 2;;24. 653 4($(. 530aritime *elimitation and Territorial Iuestions between Iatar and 8ahrain =Iatar .8ahrain># urisdiction and dmissibility# udgment# .%C%% +eports 199( 4. 21 4($(. Territorial*ispute =Libyan rab amahiriyaChad># udgment# .%C%% +eports 199 4. 27 4($(. 55
-
8/13/2019 Diferendo Martimo Fallo completo Ingles.doc
30/70
67. C!+'" %$++,(' 4$%4%(' 4$"",*"/ *% *!" 1#52 C%,"$",&" 4$%+/"/ ( %''%:@
T!" %," +,/+&(*"/ &%)4$+" ('' :(*"$ :+*!+, *!" 4"$+)"*"$ %$)"/ 8 *!"&%(* % "(&! &%0,*$ (,/ ( )(*!")(*+&(' 4($(''"' 4$%"&*"/ +,*% *!" "( *% 2 ,(0*+&(' )+'" (:( $%)*!" )(+,'(,/ ('%, *!" &%(*(' $+,".
I, *!" &(" % +'(,/ *"$$+*%$+" *!" %," % 2 ,(0*+&(' )+'" :+'' (44' ('' ($%0,/ *!" +'(,/ %$+'(,/ $%04.
I (, +'(,/ %$ $%04 % +'(,/ 8"'%,+, *% %," % *!" &%0,*$+" )(>+, *!" /"&'($(*+%, + +*0(*"/'" *!(, 2 ,(0*+&(' )+'" $%) *!" ","$(' )($+*+)" %," 8"'%,+, *% (,%*!"$ % *!%" &%0,*$+"(&&%$/+, *% :!(* !( 8"", "*(8'+!"/ +, *!" +$* 4($($(4! % *!+ ($*+&'" *!" )($+*+)" %," % *!" (+/+'(,/ %$ $%04 % +'(,/ !('' 8" '+)+*"/ +, *!" &%$$"4%,/+, 4($* *% *!" /+*(,&" *!(* "4($(*" +* $%)*!"
)($+*+)" %," % *!" %*!"$ S*(*" %$ &%0,*$.
T!" C%0$* ,%*" *!(* *!+ %$++,(' C!+'"(, 4$%4%(' (44"($ +,*",/"/ *% ""&* ( ","$(' /"'+)+*(*+%, % *!")($+*+)" %," ('%, '(*"$(' '+,". H%:""$ *!+ 4$%4%(' :( ,%* (/%4*"/.
6. F0$*!"$ *!" M+,0*" % *!" 1#52 C%,"$",&" +,/+&(*" *!(* *!" /"'"(*" %$ E&0(/%$@
%8"$"/ *!(* +* :%0'/ 8" (/+(8'" *% 4$%+/" )%$" &'($+* *% ($*+&'" 3 X:!+&! 8"&()" 4($($(4! IV % *!"+,(' *"9* % *!" 1#52 S(,*+(% D"&'($(*+%, +, %$/"$ *% (%+/ (, "$$%$ +, *!" +,*"$4$"*(*+%, % *!"+,*"$"$",&" %," +, *!" &(" % +'(,/ (,/ 0"*"/ *!(* *!" /"&'($(*+%, 8" /$(*"/ %, *!" 8(+ *!(* *!"8%0,/($ '+," % *!" 0$+/+&*+%,(' %," % "(&! &%0,*$ 8" *!" $"4"&*+" 4($(''"' $%) *!" 4%+,* (* :!+&!*!" $%,*+"$ % *!" &%0,*$+" *%0&!" %$ $"(&!" *!" "(.
A&&%$/+, *% *!" M+,0*" *!+ 4$%4%+*+%, )"* :+*! *!" ($"")",* % ('' % *!" /"'"(*".
-
8/13/2019 Diferendo Martimo Fallo completo Ingles.doc
31/70
E&0(/%$ +,*"$",*+%, :+*! :!+&! *!" P($*+" ($""/ + '+)+*"/ +, +* &%,&"$, *% &'($++&(*+%, +, *!"&(" % +'(,/. T!0 *!" C%0$* + % *!" +": *!(* +* &(, 8" 0,/"$*%%/ ( (+, ,% )%$" *!(, *!(* :!+&!+ ('$"(/ *(*"/ +, *!" +,(' *"9* % 4($($(4! IV. T!" C%0$* &%,+/"$ $%) *!" %$"%+, *!(* *!" tra"au,
prEparatoires &%,+$) +* &%,&'0+%, *!(* *!" 1#52 S(,*+(% D"&'($(*+%, /+/ ,%* ""&* ( ","$(' )($+*+)"/"'+)+*(*+%,.
6#. N""$*!"'" ($+%0 (&*%$ )",*+%,"/ +, *!" 4$"&"/+, 4($($(4! 0&! ( *!" %$++,(' C!+'"(,4$%4%(' (,/ *!" 0" % *!" 4($(''"' ( *!" '+)+* % *!" )($+*+)" %," % (, +'(,/ % %," S*(*" 4($* '%&(*"/'" *!(, 2 ,(0*+&(' )+'" $%) *!" ","$(' )($+*+)" %," % (,%*!"$ S*(*" 4($* 0"* *!(* *!"$" )+!*!(" 8"", %)" %$* % !($"/ 0,/"$*(,/+, ()%, *!" S*(*" 4($*+" % ( )%$" ","$(' ,(*0$" &%,&"$,+,*!"+$ )($+*+)" 8%0,/($+". T!" C%0$* :+'' $"*0$, *% *!+ )(**"$ '(*"$.
7. T!" C%0$* !( &%,&'0/"/ &%,*$($ *% C!+'" 08)++%, *!(* C!+'" (,/ P"$0 /+/ ,%* 8 (/%4*+,*!" 1#52 S(,*+(% D"&'($(*+%, ($"" *% *!" "*(8'+!)",* % ( '(*"$(' )($+*+)" 8%0,/($ 8"*:"", *!")('%, *!" '+," % '(*+*0/" $0,,+, +,*% *!" P(&++& O&"(, $%) *!" "(:($/ *"$)+,0 % *!"+$ '(,/ 8%0,/($.H%:""$ +, 044%$* % +* &'(+) *!(* *!(* '+," &%,*+*0*" *!" )($+*+)" 8%0,/($ C!+'" ('% +,%>"
($"")",* (,/ ($$(,")",* :!+&! +* +,"/ '(*"$ :+*! E&0(/%$ (,/ P"$0 (,/ :+*! P"$0 ('%,".
,. T& !$+# 154 A6$&&&"*
71. A)%, *!" ($"")",* (/%4*"/ +, 1#5 C!+'" ")4!(+" +, 4($*+&0'($ *!" C%)4'")",*($C%,",*+%, *% *!" 1#52 S(,*+(% D"&'($(*+%, (,/ *!" S4"&+(' M($+*+)" F$%,*+"$ %," A$"")",*. I* 40**!" )""*+, *!(* '"/ *% *!%" ($"")",* (,/ *!" ($"")",* *!")"'" +, *!" &%,*"9* % *!" &!(''",":!+&! +9 )($+*+)" 4%:"$ !(/ )(/" *% *!" 1#52 S(,*+(% D"&'($(*+%, +, *!" 4"$+%/ $0,,+, $%) A00**% '(*" O&*%8"$ 1#5 (,/ % *!" 4'(,,"/ :!('" !0,*+, 8 ( '""* %4"$(*+, 0,/"$ *!" P(,()(,+(, '(.
72. T!" )""*+, % *!" CPPS 4$"4($(*%$ *% *!" I,*"$-S*(*" &%,"$",&" % D"&")8"$ 1#5 :( !"'/
8"*:"", (,/ O&*%8"$ 1#5. T!" 4$%++%,(' (",/( +*") &%$$"4%,/ *% +" % *!" +9 ($"")",*:!+&! :"$" /$(*"/ (,/ (/%4*"/ (* *!" D"&")8"$ I,*"$-S*(*" C%,"$",&"@ *!" C%)4'")",*($ C%,",*+%,*% *!" 1#52 S(,*+(% D"&'($(*+%, *!" C%,",*+%, %, *!" S*") % S(,&*+%, *!" A$"")",* %, *!"A,,0(' M""*+, % *!" CPPS *!" C%,",*+%, %, S04"$++%, (,/ C%,*$%' (,/ *!" C%,",*+%, %, *!"G$(,*+, % P"$)+* %$ *!" E94'%+*(*+%, % *!" R"%0$&" % *!" S%0*! P(&++&.
73. T!" 1#5 S4"&+(' M($+*+)" F$%,*+"$ %," A$"")",* ('% $"0'*"/ $%) *!" )""*+, *!(* *%%>4'(&" +, 1#5. I, (//+*+%, *% &%,+/"$+, *!" )(**"$ '+*"/ %, *!" 4$%++%,(' (",/( /"&$+8"/ (8%" *!"O&*%8"$ 1#5 )""*+, % *!" CPPS ('% &%,+/"$"/ ( 4$%4%(' 8 *!" D"'"(*+%, % E&0(/%$ (,/ P"$0 *%"*(8'+! ( ,"0*$(' %," . . . %, "+*!"$ +/" % *!" 4($(''"' :!+&! 4(" *!$%0! *!" 4%+,* % *!" &%(* *!(*+,(' *!" 8%0,/($ 8"*:"", *!" *:% &%0,*$+". T!" P"$)(,",* C%))++%, (44$%"/ *!" 4$%4%('0,(,+)%0' (,/ &%,"Q0",*' ",*$0*"/ +*
-
8/13/2019 Diferendo Martimo Fallo completo Ingles.doc
32/70
-
8/13/2019 Diferendo Martimo Fallo completo Ingles.doc
33/70
76. T!" P($*+" ('% $""$ *% *!" ($""/ $"4%," :!+&! *!" )(/" (*"$ &($"0' 4$"4($(*+%, +, *!" +$* 4($*% 1#55 *% *!" 4$%*"* )(/" 8 )($+*+)" 4%:"$ ((+,* *!" 1#52 S(,*+(% D"&'($(*+%,. T!%" $"4%,":"$" )(/" +, (&&%$/(,&" :+*! *!" 4+$+* % *!" C%)4'")",*($ C%,",*+%, "", *!%0! C!+'" :( ,%* *!",%$ '(*"$ ( 4($* *% +*. S+)+'($ &%-%$/+,(*"/ (&*+%, :( *(>", +, M( 1#55 +, $"4%," *% $"'(*"/ 4$%4%(')(/" 8 *!" U,+*"/ S*(*" % A)"$+&(.
77. T!" C%0$* %8"$" *!(* +* + &%))%, $%0,/ *!(* *!" 4$%4%"/ C%)4'")",*($ C%,",*+%, :( *!")(+, +,*$0)",* (//$""/ 8 C!+'" E&0(/%$ (,/ P"$0 ( *!" 4$"4($"/ %$ *!" CPPS )""*+, (,/ *!"I,*"$-S*(*" C%,"$",&" +, L+)( +, *!" +,(' )%,*! % 1#5. G+", *!" &!(''"," 8"+, )(/" 8""$(' S*(*" *% *!" 1#52 S(,*+(% D"&'($(*+%, *!" 4$+)($ 40$4%" % *!(* C%,",*+%, :( *% ("$*4($*+&0'($' ((+,* *!" )(%$ )($+*+)" 4%:"$ *!"+$ &'(+) % %"$"+,* (,/ 0$+/+&*+%, )(/" %+,*'+, 1#52. I* :( ('% /"+,"/ *% !"'4 4$"4($" *!"+$ &%))%, /"",&" % *!" &'(+) ((+,* *!" 4$%*"* 8*!%" S*(*" :!+&! :( *!" 08"&*-)(**"$ % *!" "&%,/ (",/( +*") % *!" 1#5 I,*"$-S*(*"C%,"$",&". I* /%" ,%* %''%: !%:""$ *!(* *!" 4$+)($ 40$4%" :( *!" %'" 40$4%" %$ "", '"*!(* *!" 4$+)($ 40$4%" /"*"$)+,"/ *!" %'" %0*&%)" % *!" 1#5 )""*+, (,/ *!" I,*"$-S*(*"C%,"$",&".
-
8/13/2019 Diferendo Martimo Fallo completo Ingles.doc
34/70
-. T& A6$&&&"* $&'!*"6 *+ M&!#$& +3 S#8&$+" !" C+"*$+' +3 *& M!$*& 9+"& +3 *&S6"!*+$% C+#"*$&
7. C!+'" ""> 044%$* $%) (,%*!"$ % *!" 1#5 A$"")",* *!" A$"")",* $"'(*+, *% M"(0$" %S04"$++%, (,/ C%,*$%' % *!" M($+*+)" %," % *!" S+,(*%$ C%0,*$+". I* Q0%*" *!" +$* (,/ "&%,/($*+&'"@
F+$*
I* !('' 8" *!" 0,&*+%, % "(&! +,(*%$ &%0,*$ *% 04"$+" (,/ &%,*$%' *!""94'%+*(*+%, % *!" $"%0$&" in its 0aritime 4one8 *!" 0" % 0&! %$(, (,/ )"(,
( +* &%,+/"$ ,"&"($.
S"&%,/
T!" 04"$++%, (,/ &%,*$%' $""$$"/ *% +, ($*+&'" %," !('' 8" "9"$&+"/ 8 "(&! &%0,*$ e,clusi"elyin the waters of its urisdiction. ;E)4!(+ (//"/ 8 C!+'".,%:'"/" *!(* (&*. A'% '+>"*!(* A$"")",* *!" /% ,%* +,/+&(*" *!" "9*",* (,/ ,(*0$" % *!(* )($+*+)" 8%0,/($. T!" ($$(,")",*""> *% +" ""&* *% +* %$ ( 4"&++& 40$4%".
-
8/13/2019 Diferendo Martimo Fallo completo Ingles.doc
41/70
5. T& "!*#$& +3 *& !6$&& !$*& =+#"!$%
1. A *!" C%0$* !( 0* (+/ +* + *!" &(" *!(* *!" 1#5 S4"&+(' M($+*+)" F$%,*+"$ %," A$"")",*$""$ *% *!" "9+*+, 8%0,/($ %$ ( 4($*+&0'($ 40$4%" *!(* + ('% *$0" % *!" 1#6-1#6# ($$(,")",* %$*!" '+!*!%0". T!" C%0$* )0* ,%: /"*"$)+," *!" ,(*0$" % *!" )($+*+)" 8%0,/($ *!" "9+*",&" % :!+&!:( (&>,%:'"/"/ +, *!" 1#5 A$"")",* *!(* + :!"*!"$ +* + ( +,'" )($+*+)" 8%0,/($ (44'+&(8'" *%
*!" :(*"$ &%'0), *!" "(-8"/ (,/ +* 08%+' %$ ( 8%0,/($ (44'+&(8'" %,' *% *!" :(*"$ &%'0),.
11. C!+'" &%,*",/ *!(* *!" 8%0,/($ + (, (''-40$4%" %," (44'+, *% *!" "(-8"/ (,/ 08%+' ( :"''( *% *!" :(*"$ (8%" *!") :+*! $+!* *% *!"+$ $"%0$&" +, (&&%$/(,&" :+*! &0*%)($ '(: ( $"'"&*"/ +,*!" U,+*"/ N(*+%, C%,",*+%, %, *!" L(: % *!" S"( ;UNCLOS,%:'"/"/ +, *!" 1#5 A$"")",* )0* 8" 0,/"$*%%/ +, *!" &%,*"9* % *!" 1#7 P$%&'()(*+%, (,/*!" 1#52 S(,*+(% D"&'($(*+%,. T!"" +,*$0)",* "94$""/ &'(+) *% *!" "(-8"/ (,/ *% :(*"$ (8%" *!""(-8"/ (,/ *!"+$ $"%0$&". I, *!+ $"($/ *!" P($*+" /$": ,% /+*+,&*+%, (* *!(* *+)" %$ 08"Q0",*'8"*:"", *!"" 4(&". T!" C%0$* &%,&'0/" *!(* *!" 8%0,/($ + (, (''-40$4%" %,".
:. T& &>*&"* +3 *& !6$&& !$*& =+#"!$%
13. T!" C%0$* ,%: *0$, *% &%,+/"$ *!" "9*",* % *!" ($""/ )($+*+)" 8%0,/($. I* $"&('' *!(* *!"40$4%" % *!" 1#5 A$"")",* :( ,($$%: (,/ 4"&++& ;"" 4($($(4! # (8%"
-
8/13/2019 Diferendo Martimo Fallo completo Ingles.doc
42/70
"'")",* % *!" P($*+" $"'"(,* 4$(&*+&" :!+&! *!" C%0$* :+'' &%,+/"$ 80* +* + ,%* *!" %,'"'")",* :($$(,*+, &%,+/"$(*+%,. T!" C%0$* :+'' "9()+," %*!"$ $"'"(,* 4$(&*+&" % *!" P($*+" +, *!" "($'(,/ )+/-1#5 ( :"'' ( *!" :+/"$ &%,*"9* +,&'0/+, /""'%4)",* +, *!" '(: % *!" "( (* *!(* *+)". I*:+'' ('% (" *!" 4$(&*+&" % *!" *:% P($*+" 08"Q0",* *% 1#5. T!+ (,('+ &%0'/ &%,*$+80*" *% *!"/"*"$)+,(*+%, % *!" &%,*",* % *!" *(&+* ($"")",* :!+&! *!" P($*+" $"(&!"/ &%,&"$,+, *!" "9*",* % *!"+$)($+*+)" 8%0,/($.
A. F"6 8+*&"*!' !" !c**%
1. T!" C%0$* :+'' 8"+, :+*! *!" "%$(4! (,/ 8+%'% +, *!" ($"( % *!" )($+*+)" 8%0,/($. P"$0/"&$+8"/ I'% ( +* 4$+,&+4(' 4%$* ('%, *!+ 4($* % *!" &%(*. I* + (8%0* 12 >) ,%$*!-:"* % *!" '(,/8%0,/($. O, *!" C!+'"(, +/" *!" 4%$* &+* % A$+&( '+" 15 >) *% *!" %0*! % *!" '(,/ 8%0,/($ (,/IQ0+Q0" (8%0* 2 >) 0$*!"$ %0*! ;"" >"*&!-)(4 N%. 1@ G"%$(4!+&(' &%,*"9*
-
8/13/2019 Diferendo Martimo Fallo completo Ingles.doc
43/70
S4"&+" 0&! ( *0,, (,/ 8($$+'"*" :"$" )%*' &(0!* 2 *% )+'" $%) *!" &%(* *!" ()"(,&!%"*( % *!" &%(*(' :(*"$ %)"*+)" :",* 6 %$ )%$" )+'" (:( (,/ *!" &(&!('%* (,/ :!('" :"$"00('' *% 8" %0,/ )%$" *!(, 1 )+'"
%.
H" *!", &%,*+,0"/@
T!" $"Q0"* %$)0'(*"/ 8 P"$0 )"* *!" &%,/+*+%, ,"&"($ %$ *!"+$$"&%,+*+%, ( '"('' 8+,/+, (,/ (44'+&(8'" +,&" +$* *!" :"$" *!" "94$"+%, % 4$+,&+4'" $"&%,+"/8 '(: "&%,/' *!" !(/ ( &+",*++& 8(+ (,/ *!+$/' *!"
$"4%,/"/ *% ,(*+%,(' +*(' ,"&"+*+".
17. C!+'" $""$$"/ *!" C%0$* *% *(*+*+& 4$%/0&"/ 8 *!" F%%/ (,/ A$+&0'*0$(' O$(,+(*+%, % *!"U,+*"/ N(*+%, ;FAO< *% /")%,*$(*" *!" "9*",* % *!" +!"$ (&*++*+" % C!+'" (,/ P"$0 +, *!" "($'1#5 (,/ '(*"$ "($ %$ *!" 40$4%" % !%:+, ( C!+'" (: *!" )(**"$ *!" 8","+* % *!" 1#52 S(,*+(%D"&'($(*+%, *% P"$0. T!%" *(*+*+& $""(' *:% (&* :!+&! *!" C%0$* "" ( !"'40' +, +/",*++, *!")($+*+)" ($"( :+*! :!+&! *!" P($*+" :"$" &%,&"$,"/ +, *!" 4"$+%/ :!", *!" (&>,%:'"/"/ *!" "9+*",&"
% *!"+$ )($+*+)" 8%0,/($. T!" +$* + *!" $"'(*+"' '+)+*"/ +!+, (&*++* 8 8%*! C!+'" (,/ P"$0 +, *!""($' 1#5. I, 1#5 C!+'" &(*&! (* (8%0* # *%,," :( '+!*' '($"$ *!(, P"$0 (* 7 *%,,".I, *!" "($' 1#5 *!" P($*+" &(*&!" % (,&!% :"$" "9&""/"/ 8 *!" &(*&! % %*!"$ 4"&+". I, 1#5 %$+,*(,&" P"$0 *(>" % (,&!% :( 5 *%,," :!+'" +* &(*&! % *0,( (,/ 8%,+*% :( 6 *%,,"C!+'" &(0!* 6 *%,," % (,&!% *!(* "($ (,/ 33 *%,," % *0,( (,/ 8%,+*%.
S"&%,/ +, *!" "($ '"(/+, 04 *% 1#5 *!" P($*+" $"4"&*+" &(*&!" +, *!" P(&++& O&"(,+,&'0/"/ '($" ()%0,* % 8%,+*%_8($$+'"*" (,/ *0,(. W!+'" +* + *$0" *!(* *!$%0! *!" 1#5 *!" *(>" %(,&!% "4"&+('' 8 P"$0 +,&$"("/ "$ $(4+/' *!" &(*&! % *!" %*!"$ 4"&+" &%,*+,0"/ (* ( !+! (,/+,&$"(+, '""'. I, 1#5 *!" P"$0+(, &(*&! % *0,( (,/ 8%,+*% :( 65# (,/ % (,&!% 31 :!+'"C!+'" &(0!* 52 (,/ 13 *%,," % *!%" 4"&+" $"4"&*+"'.
T!" P($*+" ('% $""$$"/ *% *!" !0,*+, % :!('" 8 *!"+$ '""* (,/ 8 %$"+, '""* ( %," % *!"(&*%$ '"(/+, *% *!" (/%4*+%, % *!" 1#7 (,/ 1#52 +,*$0)",*. T!" FAO *(*+*+& 4$%+/" %)"+,%$)(*+%, (8%0* *!" "9*",* % :!('" &(*&!" 8 *!" P($*+" *!"$" + ,% +,/+&(*+%, % :!"$" *!%" &(*&!"%&&0$$"/.
1. T!" (8%" +,%$)(*+%, !%: *!(* *!" 4"&+" :!+&! :"$" 8"+, *(>", +, *!" "($' 1#5 :"$"","$('' *% 8" %0,/ :+*!+, ( $(," % 6 ,(0*+&(' )+'" $%) *!" &%(*. I, *!(* &%,*"9* *!" C%0$* *(>",%*" % *!" %$+",*(*+%, % *!" &%(* +, *!+ $"+%, (,/ *!" '%&(*+%, % *!" )%* +)4%$*(,* $"'"(,* 4%$* %*!" P($*+" (* *!" *+)". I'% +*0(*"/ (8%0* 12 >) ,%$*!-:"* % *!" "(:($/ *"$)+,0 % *!" '(,/ 8%0,/($+ /"&$+8"/ 8 P"$0 ( %," % X+* )(+, +!+, 4%$* (,/ *!" )%* +)4%$*(,* +!+, &",*$" +, S%0*!"$,
P"$0. O, *!" C!+'"(, +/" *!" 4%$* % A$+&( '+" 0* 15 >) *% *!" %0*! % *!" "(:($/ *"$)+,0 % *!"'(,/ 8%0,/($. A&&%$/+, *% C!+'" X( +,++&(,* 4$%4%$*+%, % *!" &%0,*$ )('' (,/ )"/+0)-+"/+!+, ""' % &$0&+(' +)4%$*(,&" *% *!" "&%,%) % *!" $"+%, ($" $"+*"$"/ (* A$+&( :!+'" *!" ,"9*+,++&(,* 4%$* + (* IQ0+Q0" 2 >) 0$*!"$ %0*!.
T!" 40$4%" % *!" 1#5 S4"&+(' M($+*+)" F$%,*+"$ %," A$"")",* :( *% "*(8'+! ( %," %*%'"$(,&" ('%, *!" 4($(''"' %$ )('' +!+, 8%(* :!+&! :"$" ,%* 0+&+",*' "Q0+44"/ ;"" 4($($(4! *% # (,/ 13
-
8/13/2019 Diferendo Martimo Fallo completo Ingles.doc
44/70
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
:"$" ('% *% 8","+* $%) *!" 1#6-1#6# ($$(,")",* $"'(*+, *% *!" '+!*!%0".
11. A &",*$(' &%,&"$, % *!" *!$"" S*(*" +, *!" "($' 1#5 :( :+*! '%,-/+*(,&" %$"+, +!+,:!+&! *!" :(,*"/ *% 8$+, *% (, ",/. T!(* &%,&"$, (,/ *!" P($*+" $%:+, 0,/"$*(,/+, % *!" "9*",* %*!" +! *%&> +, *!" H0)8%'/* C0$$",* % *!"+$ &%(* :"$" )(%$ (&*%$ +, *!" /"&++%, )(/" 8 C!+'"(,/ P"$0 *% /"&'($" 0,+'(*"$('' *!"+$ 2-,(0*+&('-)+'" %," +, 1#7 (,/ :+*! E&0(/%$ *% (/%4* *!"1#52 S(,*+(% D"&'($(*+%, (,/ %*!"$ *"9* +, 1#52 (,/ *% *(>" *!" 0$*!"$ )"(0$" +, 1#5 (,/ 1#55. T%$"4"(* *!" ")4!(+ +, *!+ 4"$+%/ "4"&+('' +, $"4"&* % *!" )%$" /+*(,* :(*"$ :( ( C!+'" ("$* %,X*!" "9&'0+%, % 0,(0*!%$+"/ %$"+, '""* . . . *% (&+'+*(*" *!" /""'%4)",* % *!" +!+, +,/0*$+" %X*!" *!$"" S*(*".
111. T!" C%0$* $"&('' *!(* *!" (''-40$4%" ,(*0$" % *!" )($+*+)" 8%0,/($ ;"" 4($($(4! 12(8%"< )"(, *!(* "+/",&" &%,&"$,+, +!"$+" (&*++* +, +*"' &(,,%* 8" /"*"$)+,(*+" % *!" "9*",* %*!(* 8%0,/($. N""$*!"'" *!" +!"$+" (&*++* 4$%+/" %)" 044%$* %$ *!" +": *!(* *!" P($*+" (* *!"*+)" :!", *!" (&>,%:'"/"/ *!" "9+*",&" % (, ($""/ )($+*+)" 8%0,/($ 8"*:"", *!") :"$" 0,'+>"'*% !(" &%,+/"$"/ *!(* +* "9*",/"/ ('' *!" :( *% *!" 2-,(0*+&('-)+'" '+)+*.
-
8/13/2019 Diferendo Martimo Fallo completo Ingles.doc
45/70
-. C+"*&8+$!"&+# &&'+8&"* " *& '!? +3 *& &!
112. T!" C%0$* ,%: )%" $%) *!" 4"&++& $"+%,(' &%,*"9* *% *!" 8$%(/"$ &%,*"9* ( +* "9+*"/ +, *!"1#5 (* *!" *+)" % *!" (&>,%:'"/)",* 8 *!" P($*+" % *!" "9+*",&" % *!" )($+*+)" 8%0,/($. T!(*&%,*"9* + 4$%+/"/ 8 *!" S*(*" 4$(&*+&" (,/ $"'(*"/ *0/+" +, (,/ 4$%4%(' &%)+, $%) *!"I,*"$,(*+%,(' L(: C%))++%, (,/ $"(&*+%, 8 S*(*" %$ $%04 % S*(*" *% *!%" 4$%4%(' &%,&"$,+,
*!" "*(8'+!)",* % )($+*+)" %," 8"%,/ *!" *"$$+*%$+(' "( (,/ *!" /"'+)+*(*+%, % *!%" %,". B *!"1#5 *!(* 4$(&*+&" +,&'0/"/ ""$(' 0,+'(*"$(' S*(*" /"&'($(*+%,.
113. T!%" /"&'($(*+%, ('' (/%4*"/ 8"*:"", 1#5 (,/ 1#56 )( 8" /++/"/ +,*% *:% &(*"%$+". T!"+$* &(*"%$ + '+)+*"/ *% &'(+) +, $"4"&* % *!" "(-8"/ (,/ +* 08%+' *!" &%,*+,",*(' !"' (,/ *!"+$$"%0$&". T!" +,&'0/" /"&'($(*+%, )(/" 8 *!" U,+*"/ S*(*" ;2 S"4*")8"$ 1#5
-
8/13/2019 Diferendo Martimo Fallo completo Ingles.doc
46/70
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
-
8/13/2019 Diferendo Martimo Fallo completo Ingles.doc
47/70
C. L&6'!*& 8$!c*c&
11#. I, "9()+,+, *!" '"+'(*+" 4$(&*+&" *!" C%0$* +$* *0$, *% *!" (/%4*+%, 8 P"$0 +, 1#55 % (S04$")" R"%'0*+%, %, *!" M($+*+)" %," % 2 M+'". I* P$"()8'" $"&+*" *!" ,""/ *% 4"&+ +,&($*%$(4!+& (,/ "%/"+& :%$> *!" )(,,"$ % /"*"$)+,+, *!" P"$0+(, )($+*+)" %," % 2 ,(0*+&(')+'" $""$$"/ *% +, *!" 1#7 D"&$"" (,/ *!" 1#52 S(,*+(% D"&'($(*+%,. I* +$* ($*+&'" *(*" *!(* *!" '+,"
:( *% 8" '+)+*"/ (* "( 8 ( '+," 4($(''"' *% *!" P"$0+(, &%(* (,/ (* ( &%,*(,* /+*(,&" % 2 ,(0*+&(')+'" $%) +*. A$*+&'" 2 4$%+/"@
I, (&&%$/(,&" :+*! &'(0" IV XZ"' +,&+% IV % *!" D"&'($(*+%, % S(,*+(%*!" (+/ '+," )( ,%* "9*",/ 8"%,/ *!(* % *!" &%$$"4%,/+, 4($(''"' (* *!" 4%+,*
:!"$" *!" $%,*+"$ % P"$0 XZ'( $%,*"$( /"' P"$ $"(&!" *!" "(.
P"$0 &%,*",/ *!(* A$*+&'" 1 ")4'% (, ($& % &+$&'" )"*!%/ ( +* ( :( ('% *!" &(" :+*! +* 1#52P"*$%'"0) L(:. C!+'" $""&* *!(* +,*"$4$"*(*+%, % 8%*! +,*$0)",* (,/ 08)+* *!(* 8%*! 0" *!" tracE
parallFle )"*!%/ 044%$*+, *!" 0" % *!" 4($(''"' % '(*+*0/" %$ *!" )($+*+)" 8%0,/($. C!+'" ('% 4'(&"&%,+/"$(8'" :"+!* %, *!" $""$",&" +, *!" R"%'0*+%, *% 4($($(4! IV % *!" 1#52 S(,*+(% D"&'($(*+%,.
12. I, *!+ $"($/ *!" C%0$* !( ('$"(/ &%,&'0/"/ *!(* 4($($(4! IV % *!" 1#52 S(,*+(% D"&'($(*+%,/%" ,%* /"*"$)+," *!" )($+*+)" 8%0,/($ "4($(*+, *!" ","$(' )($+*+)" %," % P"$0 (,/ C!+'". I*,""/ ,%* &%,+/"$ *!(* )(**"$ 0$*!"$ +, *!" 4$"",* &%,*"9*. T!" C%0$* /%" ,%* "" *!" $"Q0+$")",* +,A$*+&'" 1 % *!" 1#55 S04$")" R"%'0*+%, *!(* *!" '+," 8" (* ( &%,*(,* /+*(,&" % 2 ,(0*+&(' )+'"$%) X*!" &%(* (,/ 4($(''"' *% +* ( 0+, *!" tracE parallFle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
-
8/13/2019 Diferendo Martimo Fallo completo Ingles.doc
48/70
D. T& 155 P$+*+c+' +3 Acc&+"
123. I, 1#55 *!" *!$"" S*(*" (/%4*"/ ( P$%*%&%' % A&&"+%, *% *!" 1#52 S(,*+(% D"&'($(*+%,. I,*!(* P$%*%&%' *!" ($"" *% %4", *!" (&&"+%, % L(*+, A)"$+&(, S*(*" *% X*!" 1#52 S(,*+(% D"&'($(*+%,:+*! $"($/ *% +* 0,/()",*(' 4$+,&+4'" &%,*(+,"/ +, *!" 4($($(4! % *!" P$"()8'". T!" *!$"" S*(*"*!", $"4$%/0&" 08*(,*+" 4($($(4! I II III (,/ V 80* ,%* 4($($(4! IV. O, *!" )(**"$ % 8%0,/($+"
*!" /"&'($" *!(*
*!" (/!"+%, *% *!" 4$+,&+4'" *(*+, *!(* *!" &%(*(' S*(*" !(" *!" $+!* (,/ /0* *% 4$%*"&* &%,"$" (,/0" *!" $"%0$&" % *!" "( ('%, *!"+$ &%(* !('' ,%* 8" &%,*$(+,"/ 8 *!" ("$*+%, % *!" $+!* % ""$S*(*" *% /"*"$)+," *!" "9*",+%, (,/ 8%0,/($+" % +* M($+*+)" %,". T!"$"%$" (* *!" )%)",* %(&&"+%, ""$ S*(*" !('' 8" (8'" *% /"*"$)+," *!" "9*",+%, (,/ %$) % /"'+)+*(*+%, % +* $"4"&*+"%," :!"*!"$ %44%+*" *% %," 4($* %$ *% *!" ",*+$"* % +* &%(*'+," (&&%$/+, *% *!" 4"&0'+($ "%$(4!+&&%,/+*+%, *!" "9*",+%, % "(&! "( (,/ *!" "%'%+&(' (,/ 8+%'%+&(' (&*%$ *!(* &%,/+*+%, *!" "9+*",&"&%,"$(*+%, (,/ /""'%4)",* % *!" )($+*+)" (0,( (,/ '%$( +, +* :(*"$.
T!" %,' %*!"$ 4$%++%, % *!" 1#52 S(,*+(% D"&'($(*+%, :!+&! :( *!" 08"&* % (, "94$" "9&'0+%,$%) *!" 1#55 P$%*%&%' :( 4($($(4! VI :!+&! &%,&"$, *!" 4%+8+'+* % 0*0$" ($"")",* +,
(44'+&(*+%, % *!"" 4$+,&+4'". T!+ 4$%++%, :( "9&'0/"/ %, *!" 8(+ *!(* +* :( /"*"$)+,"/ 8 *!""%$(4!+& (,/ 8+%'%+&(' +)+'($+* % *!" &%(*(' )($+*+)" %," % *!" +,(*%$ &%0,*$+" *% *!"D"&'($(*+%,. I* + &%))%, $%0,/ *!(* ,% S*(*" +, (&* ""$ *%%> (/(,*(" % *!" 1#55 P$%*%&%'.
-
8/13/2019 Diferendo Martimo Fallo completo Ingles.doc
49/70
12. P"$0 "" *!" (+$)(*+%, % *!" 4%:"$ % (, (&&"/+, S*(*" *% /"*"$)+," *!" "9*",+%, (,/'+)+* % +* %," ( &%,+$)+, *!(* *!" 1#52 S(,*+(% D"&'($(*+%, !(/ ,%* "**'"/ *!" Q0"*+%, % *!")($+*+)" 8%0,/($+" 8"*:"", *!" S*(*" 4($*+". C!+'" $"(/ *!" 4%+*+%, % *!" *:% P($*+" %, 4($($(4!IV +, *!" &%,*$($ ","@ 8 *!(* "9&'0+%, *!" +,/+&(*"/ *!"+$ 0,/"$*(,/+, *!(* *!"+$ )($+*+)" 8%0,/($:( ('$"(/ /"*"$)+,"/.
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
-
8/13/2019 Diferendo Martimo Fallo completo Ingles.doc
50/70
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
*$"4("/ +,*% P"$0+(, :(*"$ (* *+)" 04 *% 3 )"*$" $%) *!" 8"(&!. I, M($&! 1#66 *!" P"$0+(,4(*$%' !+4*ie' Canseco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
12#. T!" 4$(&*+&" 0* $"+":"/ /%" ,%* 4$%+/" (, 8(+ %$ 40**+, +,*% Q0"*+%, *!" *",*(*+"&%,&'0+%, *!(* *!" C%0$* "94$""/ "($'+"$. T!(* &%,&'0+%, :( 8("/ %, *!" +!+, (&*++* % *!" P($*+"(,/ &%,*")4%$(,"%0 /""'%4)",* +, *!" '(: % *!" "( +, *!" "($' (,/ )+/-1#5.
F. T& 1:;
-
8/13/2019 Diferendo Martimo Fallo completo Ingles.doc
51/70
!"'
-
8/13/2019 Diferendo Martimo Fallo completo Ingles.doc
52/70
H. P+*+" +3 *& P!$*& !* *& T$ U"*& N!*+" C+"3&$&"c& +" *& L!? +3 *& S&!
13. T!" P($*+" ('% /+$"&*"/ *!" C%0$* *% &"$*(+, *(*")",* )(/" 8 *!"+$ $"4$"",*(*+" /0$+,*!" T!+$/ U,+*"/ N(*+%, C%,"$",&" %, *!" L(: % *!" S"(. F+$* 8%*! $""$$"/ *% ( %+,* /"&'($(*+%, %, 2A4$+' 1#2 )(/" 8 C!+'" E&0(/%$ (,/ P"$0 *%"*!"$ :+*! C%'%)8+( :!+&! !(/ %+,"/ *!" CPPS +, 1#7#:!"$"+, *!%" S*(*" 4%+,*"/ %0* *!(*@
*!" 0,+"$(' $"&%,+*+%, % *!" $+!* % %"$"+,* (,/ 0$+/+&*+%, % *!" &%(*('S*(*" :+*!+, *!" 2-)+'" '+)+* 4$%+/"/ %$ +, *!" /$(* C%,",*+%, + ( 0,/()",*(' (&!+"")",* % *!"&%0,*$+" )")8"$ % *!" P"$)(,",* C%))++%, % *!" S%0*! P(&++& +, (&&%$/(,&" :+*! +* 8(+&%8"&*+" *(*"/ +, *!" S(,*+(% D"&'($(*+%, %
1#52.
T!" C%0$* ,%*" *!(* *!+ *(*")",* /+/ ,%* )",*+%, /"'+)+*(*+%, ,%$ $""$ *% (, "9+*+, )($+*+)"8%0,/($+" 8"*:"", *!%" S*(*".
135. A "&%,/ )(**"$ $(+"/ 8 *!" P($*+" + P"$0 +,%'")",* +, *!" ,"%*+(*+%, $"'(*+, *%
)($+*+)" /"'+)+*(*+%, % S*(*" :+*! (/(&",* %$ %44%+*" &%(*. T!" P"$0+(, 4%+*+%, %, *!(* )(**"$ :("94$""/ (* ($+%0 4%+,* /0$+, *!" ,"%*+(*+%, %, 27 A00* 1# *!" H"(/ % *!" P"$0+(,D"'"(*+%, *(*"/ +* ( %''%:@
W!"$" ( 4"&++& ($"")",* %, *!" /"'+)+*(*+%, % *!" *"$$+*%$+(' "( "9&'0+""&%,%)+& %," (,/ &%,*+,",*(' !"' 8"*:"", S*(*" :+*! %44%+*" %$ (/(&",* &%(* /+/ ,%* "9+* %$ :!"$"*!"$" :"$" ,% 4"&+(' &+$&0)*(,&" %$ !+*%$+& $+!* $"&%,+"/ 8 *!" P($*+" *!" )"/+(, '+," !%0'/ ( (","$(' $0'" 8" 0"/ . . . +,&" +*:( *!" )%* '+>"' )"*!%/ % (&!+"+, (, "Q0+*(8'" %'0*+%,.
P"$0 &%,*",/ *!(* +* (&*+" 4($*+&+4(*+%, +, *!" ,"%*+(*+%, %, *!+ )(**"$ +''0*$(*" *!(* +* !(/ "* *%$"%'" +* %:, /"'+)+*(*+%, +0". G+", *!" &%,&'0+%, $"(&!"/ (8%" !%:""$ *!" C%0$* ,""/ ,%*
&%,+/"$ *!(* )(**"$. T!" *(*")",* 8 P"$0+(, $"4$"",*(*+" (* *!" T!+$/ U,+*"/ N(*+%, C%,"$",&" %,*!" L(: % *!" S"( $"'(*" *% 4$%4"&*+" )($+*+)" 8%0,/($ ($"")",* 8"*:"", S*(*" ;(,/ 4$%++%,('($$(,")",* *% 8" )(/" 4",/+, 0&! ($"")",*0'( *%*!" C!+'"(, M+,+*$ % F%$"+, A(+$ %, 23 M( 1#6 %''%:+, !+ (0/+",&" :+*! *!" C!+'"(, F%$"+,M+,+*"$ "($'+"$ *!(* /( ;*!" B=>0'( M")%$(,/0)0'( M")%$(,/0) :( (, (**")4* *% $","%*+(*" *!" "9+*+,)($+*+)" 8%0,/($.
-
8/13/2019 Diferendo Martimo Fallo completo Ingles.doc
53/70
137. A&&%$/+, *% *!" M")%$(,/0) A)8((/%$ B=>0'( !(/ !(,/"/ *!" C!+'"(, M+,+*"$ (4"$%,(' )"(" $%) !+ P"$0+(, &%0,*"$4($*. T!" *$",*!",+, % *!" *+" % $+",/!+4 8"*:"", *!"*:% &%0,*$+"
)0* 8" &%)4'")",*"/ 8 *!" *+)"' (,/ /+$"&* %'0*+%, % 4$%8'") :!+&! ($" *!"$"0'* % ,": &+$&0)*(,&" :+*! ( +": *% ",!(,&+, *!" &'+)(*" % $"&+4$%&(' &%,+/",&" :!+&! 0,/"$'+"
""$ &%,*$0&*+" 4%'+&.
O," % *!" &(" *!(* )"$+* +))"/+(*" (**",*+%, + *!" %$)(' (,/ /"+,+*+"/"'+)+*(*+%, % *!" )($+," 4(&" :!+&! &%)4'")",* *!" "%$(4!+&(' +&+,+* % P"$0
(,/ C!+'" (,/ !(" "$"/ ( &",($+% % ( '%, (,/ $0+*0' %+,* (&*+%,.
A* *!(* *+)" *!" M")%$(,/0) &%,*+,0"/ *!" 4"&+(' %," "*(8'+!"/ 8 *!" 1#5 A$"")",*
+ ,%* (/"Q0(*" *% (*+ *!" $"Q0+$")",* % ("* ,%$ %$ *!" 8"**"$ (**",*+%, *% *!"(/)+,+*$(*+%, % )($+," $"%0$&" :+*! *!" ($((*+, &+$&0)*(,&" *!(* (, "9*",+" +,*"$4$"*(*+%,&%0'/ ","$(*" ( ,%*%$+%0 +*0(*+%, % +,"Q0+* (,/ $+> *% *!" /"*$+)",* % *!" '"+*+)(*" +,*"$"* % P"$0*!(* :%0'/ &%)" %$*! ( "$+%0'
/()("/.
I* $""$$"/ *% *!" ($+%0 %," $"&%,+"/ +, UNCLOS (,/ (+/ *!+@
T!" &0$$",* Z2-)+'" )($+*+)" %," ( /"+,"/ (* *!" M""*+, % *!" P"$)(,",* C%))++%,%$ *!" S%0*! P(&++& +, 1#5 + :+*!%0* /%08* ( 4(&" :!+&! + /+"$",* $%) (, % *!"(8%")",*+%,"/ %," +, $"4"&* % :!+&! /%)"*+& '"+'(*+%, + 4$(&*+&('' ,%,-"9+*",* ( $"($/+,*"$,(*+%,(' /"'+)+*(*+%,. T!" %," "9&"4*+%, )+!* 8" +, *!" &(" % P"$0 *!" P"*$%'"0) L(: ;N%. 117% 12 M($&! 1#52
-
8/13/2019 Diferendo Martimo Fallo completo Ingles.doc
54/70
13#. P"$0 &%,*",/ *!(* *!" B=>0'( M")%$(,/0) + 4"$"&*' &'"($. I, +* P"$0 4"''"/ %0* *!" ,""/ %$*!" %$)(' (,/ /"+,+*+" /"'+)+*(*+%, % *!"+$ )($+*+)" 4(&" /+*+,0+!+, +* $%) *!" ad hoc($$(,")",* %$ 4"&++& 40$4%" 0&! ( *!" 1#5 +!"$+" 4%'+&+, *%'"$(,&" %,". I* &(''"/ %$,"%*+(*+%, ,%* $","%*+(*+%,. A,/ P"$0 &%,*+,0" C!+'" /+/ ,%* $"4%,/ 8 (+, *!(* *!"$" :( ,%,""/ %$ 0&! ( /"'+)+*(*+%, 8"&(0" *!"$" :( ('$"(/ 0&! ( 8%0,/($ +, "9+*",&". R(*!"$ *0/+" .. . ($"
*% 8" &($$+"/ %0*. P"$0 8("/ %, *!" M")%$(,/0) (,/ *!+ $"4%," ('% &%,*",/ *!(* *!" 4$(&*+&" (*"$*!(* /(*" :!+&! C!+'" +,%>" &(,,%* 8" +,++&(,*.
1. C!+'" +, (//+*+%, *% 08)+**+, *!(* *!" B=>0'( M")%$(,/0) &(''"/ %$ ( $","%*+(*+%, % (,"9+*+, 8%0,/($ (+/ *!(* +* /+/ *!(* %, *!" ;:$%,< (0)4*+%, *!(* *!" )($+*+)" %," ,":' $"&%,+"/+, UNCLOS &(''"/ %$ *!" "9+*+, /"'+)+*(*+%, *% 8" $"++*"/. A :"'' P"$0 /+/ ,%* $",": +* $"Q0"* *%,"%*+(*". C!+'" 08)+* *!(* *!" (&* *!(* P"$0 :( "">+, ( $","%*+(*+%, :( $"'"&*"/ +,&%,*")4%$(,"%0 &%))",* 8 *!" P"$0+(, F%$"+, M+,+*"$ $"4%$*"/ +, *!" C!+'"(, (,/ P"$0+(, 4$".
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
-
8/13/2019 Diferendo Martimo Fallo completo Ingles.doc
55/70
J. P$!c*c& !3*&$ 1;:
13. T!" C%0$* !( ('$"(/ &%,+/"$"/ *!" P($*+" '"+'(*+" 4$(&*+&" $%) *!" 1#5 (,/ 1#6 ;""4($($(4! 11# *% 122 (8%"+, 4'(&"(*"$ 1#6.
-
8/13/2019 Diferendo Martimo Fallo completo Ingles.doc
56/70
1. G+", +* /(*" *!" C%0$* /%" ,%* &%,+/"$ ( +,++&(,* ( >"*&!-)(4 (+/ *% 8" 4($* % *!"C!+'"(, N( R0'" % E,(")",* +, *!" "($' 1## (,/ :!+&! /"4+&* ( S4"&+(' M($+*+)" F$%,*+"$%," *$"*&!+, %0* *% *!" 2-,(0*+&('-)+'" '+)+* %$ +,%$)(*+%, 4$%+/"/ 8 C!+'" +, $"4"&* % $"4%$* *%*!" P"$0+(, (0*!%$+*+" 8 %$"+, &%))"$&+(' ""' 8"*:"", 25 (,/ 21 (,/ *% *!" C!+'"(,(0*!%$+*+" 8 P"$0+(, +!+, ""' (&$% *!" 4($(''"'.
. T& &>*&"* +3 *& !6$&& !$*& =+#"!$%B c+"c'#+"
1#. T!" *",*(*+" &%,&'0+%, *!(* *!" C%0$* $"(&!"/ (8%" :( *!(* *!" "+/",&" (* +* /+4%(' /%" ,%*(''%: +* *% &%,&'0/" *!(* *!" )($+*+)" 8%0,/($ *!" "9+*",&" % :!+&! *!" P($*+" (&>,%:'"/"/ (**!(* *+)" "9*",/"/ 8"%,/ ,(0*+&(' )+'" ('%, *!" 4($(''"' $%) +* *($*+,-4%+,*. T!" '(*"$4$(&*+&" :!+&! +* !( $"+":"/ /%" ,%* '"(/ *!" C%0$* *% &!(," *!(* 4%+*+%,. T!" C%0$* !( ('% !(/$"($/ *% *!" &%,+/"$(*+%, *!(* *!" (&>,%:'"/)",* :+*!%0* )%$" +, 1#5 *!(* ( )($+*+)"8%0,/($ "9+* + *%% :"(> ( 8(+ %$ !%'/+, *!(* +* "9*",/"/ ($ 8"%,/ *!" P($*+" "9*$(&*+" (,/",%$&")",* &(4(&+* (* *!(* *+)".
15. B$%(/"$ &%,+/"$(*+%, $"'(*+, *% *!" 4%+*+%, % *!" *!$"" S*(*" 4($*+" *% *!" 1#5 S4"&+(' M($+*+)"
F$%,*+"$ %," A$"")",* 4($*+&0'($' *!" *:% P($*+" +, *!+ &(" +, *!" "($' 1#5 /")%,*$(*" *!(* *!"4$+)($ &%,&"$, % *!" S*(*" 4($*+" $"($/+, *!" )%$" /+*(,* :(*"$ /")%,*$(*"/ +, 1#7 +, 1#52 +,1#5 ;+, *!"+$ ",%$&")",* (&*++*+" (* "( ( :"'' ( +, *!"+$ %:, ,"%*+(*+%,:( ,%* /"4'"*"/ 8 *!%" %$"+, '""*.
T!" "+0$" % *!" O,(+ :!('+, '""* 0,/"$*(>", 8 P"$0 +, /"",&" % *!" &'(+) )(/" 8 *!" *!$""+,(*%$+" *% *!" 1#52 S(,*+(% D"&'($(*+%, ;"" 4($($(4! 75 (8%",%:'"/" *!(* *(&+* ($"")",*,()"' *!" 1#5 S4"&+(' M($+*+)" F$%,*+"$ %," A$"")",*. T!+ /+/ ,%* !(44",. T!+ '"* %)"0,&"$*(+,* ( *% *!" 4$"&+" '",*! % *!" ($""/ )($+*+)" 8%0,/($. H%:""$ 8("/ %, (, (")",*% *!" ",*+$"* % *!" $"'"(,* "+/",&" 4$"",*"/ *% +* *!" C%0$* &%,&'0/" *!(* *!" ($""/ )($+*+)"8%0,/($ 8"*:"", *!" P($*+" "9*",/"/ *% ( /+*(,&" % ,(0*+&(' )+'" ('%, *!" 4($(''"' $%) +**($*+,-4%+,*.
-
8/13/2019 Diferendo Martimo Fallo completo Ingles.doc
57/70
V. THE STARTING+'%)"*$" *% *!" ,%$*! % *!" 8$+/" %"$ *!" $+"$ L'0*(. A$*+&'" 3 % *!" 1#2# T$"(* %L+)( *+40'(*" *!(* *!" $%,*+"$ + 08"&* *% /")($&(*+%, 8 ( M+9"/ C%))++%, &%,+*+, % %,")")8"$ (44%+,*"/ 8 "(&! P($*.
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
155. P"$0 $"&('' *!(* *!" F+,(' A&* % *!" C%))++%, % L+)+* C%,*(+,+, *!" D"&$+4*+%, %P'(&"/ B%0,/($ M($>"$ /(*"/ 21 ?0' 1#3 ;!"$"+,(*"$ *!" F+,(' A&*"$ N%. 1 ;H+*% N%. 1 *!" *($* % *!" ($""/ '(,/ 8%0,/($ 80* :( +)4' +,*",/"/ *% )($> +, (4$(&*+&(' :( ( 4%+,* %, *!" ($& &%,*+*0*+, 0&! 8%0,/($. P"$0 )%$"%"$ $""$ *% &%,*")4%$(,"%0>"*&!-)(4 :!+&! ($" (+/ *% &'"($' /")%,*$(*" *!(* *!" '(,/ 8%0,/($ /%" ,%* *($* (* B%0,/($M($>"$ N%. 1. P"$0 0$*!"$ &%,*",/ *!(* *!" $""$",&" +, *!" F+,(' A&