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Differences in Culture: Folk Culture
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Examining Behavior
• Habit: An action one person does repeatedly (biting nails, reading the newspaper each day)
• Custom: An action of a group done often enough that it becomes a characteristic of the group (clothing style choices)
• Taboo: An act or behavior that is prohibited by social and religious norms
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Defining Folk and Popular Culture
• Folk Culture: Traditionally practiced by groups in homogeneous, rural, isolated areas.
• Popular Culture: Found in large, heterogeneous societies that share certain habits even if there is much diversity.
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Case Study: Nelson Mandela
Nelson Mandela in traditional Xhosa Style clothing
Nelson Mandela in modern business suit
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Folk Culture Characteristics
• Stable and close knit communities
– Usually a rural community
– Clustered in isolated areas
• Allows for unique characteristics tied to physical landscape
• Traditional controls
– Resistant to change
• Few changes over time
– Culture spreads slowly via migration diffusion
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Diffusion of Culture
• Popular Culture: Hierarchical diffusion
– Rapid diffusion through modern communication and transportation
• Ex. Films or Internet
• Folk Culture: Relocation diffusion
– Slow diffusion through the actual movement of people
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Human-Environment Interaction of Folk Cultures
• Clothing is made from available materials to meet environmental needs
• Diets based on available agriculture and social norms
• Housing styles are initially a result of the natural world.
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Case Study: Mongolia
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Cultural Isolation
• Spatial location makes contact with popular culture difficult
– Located in high mountains, forests, deserts, or arctic regions
– Prevents sharing of cultural traits
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Folk Regions of North America
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Case Study: Inuit
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Threats to Folk Culture • Loss of traditional values
– Change in food, shelter, and clothing preferences because of exposure to popular culture
• Changes in culture can lead to controversy, especially in very religious places.
– Ex. State Religious Affairs Bureau Order 5
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Case Study: United States