Download - Discipline and Consequences for Behavior Problems By David Keithley, LSSP #34837 Fall 2012
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Discipline and Discipline and Consequences for Consequences for Behavior ProblemsBehavior Problems
Discipline and Discipline and Consequences for Consequences for Behavior ProblemsBehavior Problems
By David Keithley, LSSP #34837By David Keithley, LSSP #34837
Fall 2012Fall 2012
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Three-Tiered Model of Three-Tiered Model of Schoolwide Discipline Schoolwide Discipline
StrategiesStrategies
TargetedIndividual Interventions
(5-10%)
SelectedClassroom/Small Group Strategies
(15-25%)
UniversalSchoolwide Systems of Support
(75-80%)
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Schoolwide Systems of Support
• Data-based decisions• Statement of purpose• Campus behavioral
expectations• Teaching expectations• Encouraging expected
behavior• Discouraging problem
behavior• Specific setting
interventions
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Specific Setting Specific Setting SystemsSystems
RoutinesPhysical factorsSetting-specific behaviorsInstructional strategiesSupportImplementation/Monitoring
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Classroom SystemsClassroom Systems Designing Classroom
space Creating a practical
schedule Managing instruction Teaching study skills Teaching expectations Establishing classroom
routines Implementing
proactive behavior management system
Prevention-Prevention-basedbased ClassroomClassroom InterventionsInterventions
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Goals and Needs7 Basic Needs of Students:
1 Security2 Order3 Belonging4 Worth5 Approval6 Stimulation7 Growth
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Characteristics of the “troubled” student
• 3 Basic categories:– Psychological Distress (depression,
paranoia, anger)– Inefficiency (procrastination, poor
social skills, forgetfulness)– Manifestations of Anger
(noncompliance, violent outbursts, argumentative)
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What causes certain problem behaviors?
• 4 Functions:– Attention Seeking– Avoidance– Gain a Tangible Reward– Self-Reinforcement
Match the Interventions to Function of Behavior!
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What Doesn’t Work• Ignoring• Pleading• Bargaining• Assisting• Threatening• Displaying Anger• Becoming Oppositional or Defiant
Yourself!
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Prevention Strategies• Convey Warmth• Opportunities for Students to be in
Charge• Aware of Differences in Student
Learning!
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Intervention StrategiesAttention Seeking
-More attention to appropriate behavior (2x10 method)-Token System w/ praise & attention-1 on 1 time with preferred person-Reward others for behavior you want student to display
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Intervention cont.Avoidance
-Load reduction-Give choice & set time limit-Build in appropriate Avoidance time
Gain Tangible Reward-No reward if behavior doesn’t occur
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Good Practices when dealing with Problem
Behavior-Use Calm Voice-Keep directions clear, concise and
simple-Be fair-Praise sincerely-Maintain a structured environment
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Good Practices cont.• “Catch ‘em being good”• Use non-threatening body language• Don’t use sarcasm or
embarrassment techniques• Defusing Statements • BEHAVIOR=CONSEQUENCE 100%
OF THE TIME!!
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Guidelines for Working with Difficult Kids
• Keep your cool• Feelings + Emotions HIGH =
Thinking LOW• Be authoritative, not authoritarian• Create a “future” for them!
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Guidelines cont.• SIMPLE
– Set up the structure– Instruct– Monitor– Praise– Laugh and be playful– Empower
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Individual Individual InterventionsInterventions
Defining and Analyzing the
Behavior
Designing the Individual Intervention
Implementing and Evaluating the Intervention
Step 1 –
Operationally define the behavior.
Step 2-
Collect data about the behavior.
Step 3 –
Determine the function of the behavior.
Step 4 - •Design the intervention.•Target replacement behaviors.•Involve the student.•Identify reinforcers.•Consider multiple level interventions.
Step 5 -
Develop an action plan.
Step 6 -
Implement & collect data.
Step 7 -
Evaluate effectiveness.
Step 8 -
Modify the intervention.
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Operational Definitions• Can it be observed?• Can it be measured?
• Vague = David is Lazy• Specific = David completes only
1/5 assignments
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Operational cont.• Vague = Susan is mean
• Operationalized Description = Susan makes derogatory comments to peers such as, “you’re stupid”
• How do we get this?
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The ABC’s of Behavior• Antecedent• Behavior• Consequence
• Antecedent = Behavior = Consequence
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Identifying Antecedents• Given academic task = walking
around room, verbal refusal, talking to peers
• Transitions = loud verbalizations, physical interactions with peers, playing in desk
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Consequences• Time out • Praise• Free Time• Redirection
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Examples of ABC• Independent work difficult =
throws paper and yells = sent to office (given no attention)
• Large group activity = yells outs and makes off-subject comments = teacher gives mild reprimand and peers laugh
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So, what do you do?• Modify the antecedent
– Antecedent = Make it a group assignment (not independent)
– Behavior = completes assignment– Consequence = good grade and
attention (he gains appropriate attention)
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What to do cont.• Modify the Consequence
– Antecedent = Independent difficult assignment
– Behavior = throws paper and yells– Consequence = Does not get attention
for throwing (Extinction) and only gets attention for being on-task
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What to do cont.• Teach or model Replacement
Behavior– Antecedent = Independent difficult
assignment– Behavior = Teach to raise hand for help– Consequence = Teacher helps only when
hand raised (still gains attention!)
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Remember the 4 functions of behavior?
• Avoidance• Gain attention• Tangible reward• Self-Reinforcement
• If you can determine the function, you can solve most problem behaviors!
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At the elementary level, individualized behavior At the elementary level, individualized behavior interventions may include:interventions may include:
• A behavior feedback chain (“Hands on desk. Eyes on me.”)• Social Skills teaching, modeling, & reinforcement
through opportunities to practice in variety of situations• Rewards, including tangibles and non-tangibles• Focusing on positive/appropriate behavior• Referral to the Student Intervention Team (SIT)• Request for a behavior consultation through the campus diagnostician • Request for FBA/BIP through ARDC• Review of BIP• Intervention of school social worker
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Elementary Elementary consequences:consequences:
• Consistently follow the behavior system in place• Document behavior and interventions• Natural consequences for behavior:
– Restraining hands or feet for aggression– Sitting out of recess while watching others
play– Timeouts (beginning with 3 minutes)– Notes home to parents
• For older elementary, behavior contracts
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At the intermediate and middle school
level, interventions may include:
Possible interventions for
intermediate/middle school:
• Continuing monitoring of behaviors, including team meetings, case management, and staffings
• Behavior/corrective feedback by team/counselor• Behavior contracts• Positive reinforcements, especially social• Social skills and moral development training• Focusing on positive/appropriate behavior• Interest Inventories• Referral to principal, AP, counselor for conferencing• Referral to the Student Intervention Team (SIT)• Request for a behavior consultation through the campus diagnostician
Request for FBA/BIP through ARDC• Review of BIP• Intervention of school social worker
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Consequences at the intermediate/middle level:
Social timeouts & restrictions
Involvement by extra-curricular teachers, club sponsors, coaches, etc.
Community serviceSchool service
Before & after-school detentionsTime-outs/cooling-off,
etc.
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Positive interventions for high school students:
• Continuing monitoring, case management, staffings • Increasing individual sense of worth through more
responsibility=more privileges and freedom• Link interests and skills to programs• Continued social skills and moral development training to
address deficits• Setting goals, planning for future (CATE programs, DARS,
AP programs, dual-credit, work-study, etc.)
• Liaison with community services• SIT referral, FBA/BIP, BIP revision• Graduation is the goal!
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Consequences for high Consequences for high school studentsschool students:
• Consistently utilize district & campus-wide consequences
• Natural consequences• Discipline focus should
also be on increasing sense of responsibility
• Natural reinforcement for appropriate behaviors
• Teach and reinforce self-monitoring skills
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Remember the Remember the 3 C’s3 C’s for for managing behavior:managing behavior:
1. Consistency, consistency, consistency!
2. Consequences (Reinforcement vs. Punishment)
3. Communication
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Video: Positive Discipline Strategies
• What did the teachers in the video do well?
• In what situations do you think this approach could be practical or effective?
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Positive Behavior Supportfor Individual Interventions
An effective individualized behavior support plan is based
on 6 basic concepts:• All behavior is learned• Behavior serves a function• Environment impacts
behavior• Skill deficits impact
problem behavior• Team approach is critical• The student-teacher
relationship MATTERS